Talon Cusp Research Articles

Talon Cusp Associates With MMP2 in a Cohort of Individuals Born With Oral Clefts.

The aim of this study was to use dental development as a tool to subphenotype oral clefts and investigate the association of MMP2 with dentin-pulp complex anomalies, in order to identify dental anomalies that are a part of a "cleft syndrome." Two hundred and ninety individuals born with cleft lip and palate were evaluated and several clinical features, such as cleft completeness or incompleteness, laterality, and presence of dental anomalies were used to assess each individual's cleft status. We tested for overrepresentation of MMP2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs9923304 alleles depending on individuals having certain dental anomalies. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used in all comparisons (α = .05). All individuals studied had at least one dental anomaly outside the cleft area. Significant differences between individuals born with clefts with and without talon cusp (P = .04) were observed for the frequency of the MMP2 less common allele. All individuals born with cleft lip and palate had alterations of the dentition, and a quarter to half of the individuals had alterations of the internal anatomy of their teeth, which further indicates that dental anomalies can be considered as an extended phenotype for clefts. MMP2 was associated with talon cusp in individuals born with oral clefts.

Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies in children with primary dentition

Introduction: Developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies include anomalies of number, size, shape, and structure of the teeth. Anomalies in primary dentition are associated with anomalies in the permanent dentition. The present study identified the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies in primary dentition. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 433 preschool children aged 5 years and below in Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu, Nigeria. Data on sociodemographic profile were collected, and clinical examination was conducted on the children to record the presence of double tooth, hypodontia, hyperdontia (supernumerary), microdontia, talons cusp, hypoplasia, and Hutchinson's incisors. Results: The prevalence of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies was 14 (3.2%). Five-year-old children (28.6%), male children (57.1%), and children belonging to high socioeconomic status (50.0%) had developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies, and there was a statistically significant association between past dental visit (P

Prevalence of selected dental anomalies among a sample of school children in Tanta

Objective To determine the prevalence of selected developmental anomalies among a sample of Tanta school children. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 3020 healthy Egyptian children (1510 boys and 1510 girls) aged 8–14 years old. The children were selected from 94 primary and preparatory schools in Tanta between March 2016 and February 2017, and their teeth were examined clinically according to WHO criteria for oral health survey for presence of selected dental anomalies. Results The total prevalence of anomalies was 20.36% as follow: hypodontia was 0.63%, hyperdontia was 0.3%, microdontia was 0.2%, peg shape lateral was 0.63%, cusp of carabelli was 5.5%, talon cusp was 0.23%, and gemination was 0.03%, enamel hypoplasia was 2.38%, demarcated opacities were 9.4%, diffuse opacities were 2.15%, transposition was 0.07%, and no cases of macrodontia, fusion, or dens invaginatus were detected in this study. There were no significant differences regarding sex or residence area except for peg shape lateral showed higher prevalence in rural areas (P Conclusion About fifth of children were affected by at least one anomaly which is comparable to other studies, dental anomalies may occur without relation to a disease or syndrome and dental anomalies nearly occur in both sexes equally.

Is there any relationship between hypodontia and hyperdontia with taurodontism, microdontia and macrodontia? A retrospective study.

Hypodontia and hyperdontia may occur with other dental anomalies such as microdontia, taurodontism, talon cusp, macrodontia and germination. The aim of this study to evaluate the relationship between hypodontia and hyperdontia with taurodontism, macrodontia and microdontia. In this retrospective study, 2,348 Turkish patients aged 7 to 12 years and treated between 01.01.2017 and 01.01.2018 in Bahcelievler Oral and Dental Health Hospital were evaluated. Data were collected and differences in the distribution of hypodontia and hyperdontia including other dental anomalies were analysed. Of the total sample of 2,348 patients, 1,126 (48%) were girls, 1,222 (52%) were boys. Hypodontia was found in 177 children (93 girls (53%), 84 boys (47%)). The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia were 7.5% and 0.9%. Taurodontism is the most common dental anomalies in hypodontia patients (39%) followed by microdontia (10%). Taurodontism was more prevalent in girls (42%) than in boys (36.5%). Microdontia was found in 10 patients and macrodontia was observed in 9 hypodontia patients. Hyperdontia was found in 21 children [8 girls (38%), 13 boys (62%)]. The most common supernumerary tooth found was mesiodens (85%) and it's more prevalent in boys (67%) than in girls (33%). Taurodontism is the most common dental anomaly (48%) following macrodontia (19%) and were found to be much more prevalent in boys (53%) (23%) than in girls (37.5%) (12.5%). Microdontia was found in only 1 boy (%7.7) in hyperdontia patients. Hypodontia and hyperdontia with taurodontism, microdontia, and macrodontia need much more complex treatment plan. All cases should be evaluated using interdisciplinary approach for appropriate treatment choice. This helps in longterm and effective treatment planning according to a child's individual requirements.

Association between developmental dental anomalies, early childhood caries and oral hygiene status of 3\u20135-year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

BackgroundTo determine the association between developmental dental anomalies (DDA), early childhood caries (ECC) and oral hygiene status of 3–5-year-old children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. We analyzed data for 3–5-year-olds extracted from the dataset of a household survey collected to determine the association between ECC and maternal psychosocial wellbeing in children 0–5-year-old. The outcome variables for the study were ECC and poor oral hygiene. The explanatory variable was the presence of developmental dental anomalies (supernumerary, supplemental, mesiodens, hypodontia, macrodontia, microdontia, peg-shaped lateral, dens evaginatus, dens invaginatus, talons cusp, fusion/germination, hypoplasia, hypomineralized second molar, fluorosis, amelogenesis imperfecta). The prevalence of each anomaly was determined. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between presence of developmental dental anomalies, ECC and oral hygiene status. The model was adjusted for sex, age and socioeconomic status.ResultsOf the 918 children examined, 75 (8.2%) had developmental dental anomalies, 43 (4.7%) had ECC, and 38 (4.1%) had poor oral hygiene. The most prevalent developmental dental anomalies was enamel hypoplasia (3.9%). Of the 43 children with ECC, 6 (14.0%) had enamel hypoplasia and 3 (7.6%) had hypomineralized second primary molar. There was a significant association between ECC and enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001) and a borderline association between ECC and hypomineralized second primary molars (p = 0.05). The proportion of children with poor oral hygiene (PR: 2.03; 95% CI: 0.91–4.56; p = 0.09) and ECC (PR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.92–4.46; p = 0.08) who had developmental dental anomalies was twice that of children with good oral hygiene and without ECC respectively, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsEnamel hypoplasia and hypomineralized second primary molars are developmental dental anomalies associated with ECC. developmental dental anomalies also increases the probability of having poor oral hygiene in the population studied.

DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL ALTERATIONS—CORRELATION BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND X-RAY IMAGE

Alterations in tooth development may occur in different ways. One of them is when there are mutations in tooth shape. Occurrence of such alterations may directly affect clinical practice of dentists, interfering with endodontic, orthodontic, and tooth extraction procedures, for example. For that reason, it is of the utmost importance that doctors of dental medicine should be able to identify such alterations. Objective: This study aims to establish the relationship between different morphologic alterations and the images obtained by means of digital x-ray. Study Design: Ten previously extracted teeth were selected, which present the following alterations: dental erosion, talon cusp, taurodontism, hypercementosis, dilacerated root, supernumerary roots, enamel pearls, cervical enamel projection, concrescence, fusion, short root, and rhizomegaly. The aforementioned teeth were cataloged, photographed, and x-rayed. Later, a closer analysis enabled us to observe the relation between visible morphologic alterations and those detected by radiographic testing, thereby determining the correlation between the 2 parameters. Results: Alterations that can affect dental procedures are concrescence, supernumerary roots, dilacerated root, hypercementosis, taurodontism, fusion, short root, and rhizomegalia. Conclusion: It is absolutely essential that x-rays be done before any dental procedures.

Anatomical variations of maxillary lateral incisors: A comparative analysis of archaeological and modern populations from the Yucatan peninsula.

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of anatomical variants of maxillary lateral incisors in archaeological and modern populations from the Maya region. Both populations were derived from the state of Yucatan, Mexico. The archaeological sample consisted of human remains representing 122 individuals from the ancient Maya archaeological site of Xcambo (AD 250-700). The modern sample consisted of 475 dental models from the municipality of Tahdziú, Yucatan. The anatomical variants evaluated included microdontia, barrel-shaped incisors, and talon cusp. The prevalence of each anatomical variant for each population was calculated and compared (Fisher p < 0.05). The prevalence of anatomical variants was 15.57% (n = 19) in the archaeological sample and 14.11% (n = 67) in the modern one; the difference was not significant (p = 0.666). When compared by specific anatomical variants, a significant (p = 0.013) association was observed for microdontia: 2.45% (n = 3) in the archaeological population and 9.05% (n = 43) in the modern population. Barrel-shaped incisors (p = 0.522) and talon cusp (p = 0.466) did not exhibit significant associations. The overall prevalence of anatomical variants in the maxillary lateral incisors in this region has not changed. The prevalence of microdontia has increased over the last 1500 years, and different microevolutionary processes may be called into question for such change.

Talon Cusp: Two Case Reports

The talon is an accessory, irregular cusp on incisors and canines, involving in enamel and dentine with or without pulp tissue.It was also reported in association with syndromes, for example, Mohr Syndrome, Incontinenta pigmentii Achromians, Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome, Struge Weber Syndrome, Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome, and Alagille’s Syndrome. The aim of this paperwas to describe talon tubercules in two cases. In first case the talon cusp is seen on lingual surface of the maxillary left central tooth and there is a specific talon tubercle which extending from the incisal edge to the cervical edge, perpendicular to the mesiodistal surface of the tooth. In second case bilateral talon tubercles were detected extending from the cervical region less than half of the incisal margin on the lingual surface of the maxillary central and lateral teeth. This present two case reports radiograph gives a v-shaped radiopaque image.Talon tubercle is a dental anomaly we rarely encounter. Consequently this anomaly may occur with a systemic syndrome Therefore, clinicians should have adequate knowledge of this anomaly.

Management of Type I Talon's Cusp Using Cone Beamed Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Aid: A Case Report

Talon's cusp is an uncommon developmental anomaly that frequently creates an occlusal interference resulting in occlusal trauma, premature contact or reversible apical periodontitis of the opposing tooth. Such occlusal interference is commonly encountered during orthodontic treatment while retraction of maxillary anterior teeth. Advanced diagnostic tools like CBCT is useful for exploring the details of endodontic architecture. The present case revealed bilateral existence of talon's cusp on the palatal aspect of maxillary lateral incisors interfering with the bite during orthodontic treatment. With the use of CBCT as a diagnostic aid, this case was managed using a minimally invasive approach with greater patient comfort.

Management of Talons Cusp in a Primary Maxillary Central Incisor: A Rare Case Report

Talon cusp is a rare dental anomaly that manifest’s as an accessory cusp like structure most commonly seen on the crown of the anterior teeth. This report describes the conservative management of a tooth with a Talon cusp with pulp extension. A 5-year-old female reported to our department with the chief complain of decayed teeth. On examination Talon cusp was noticed on the palatal aspect of 51. Caries excavation followed by restoration and fluoride varnish was applied. Cusp reduction was done to avoid occlusal interference. Depending on the type of Talon cusp a proper diagnosis and treatment plan needs to be formulated. Treating a tooth with talon does not always require endodontic management and can be treated conservatively. Clinical significance: Early diagnosis of this anomaly and management of the same by the clinician will help prevent further complications.

The prevalence and distribution of the dental anomalies in the Turkish population

Introduction: The incidence of developmental dental anomalies can provide valuable information. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in the Turkish population. Material and Methods: Totally 2203 patients who came to university hospital were examined clinically and radiographically for 10 dental anomalies: rotation, diastema, hypodontia, hyperdontia, microdontia, macrodontia, dilaceration, talon cusp, gemination and ectopia. Descriptive characteristics of these dental anomalies, including gender and regions of the jaw, were recorded. The data were analyzed with Chi-square test and Yates continuity correction. Results: In 1517 patients (68.9%), tooth anomaly was detected. Rotation was found in 58.4% of patients, significantly lower in the molar region than in the anterior and premolar regions (P < 0.01). Diastema was found in 22.7% of the samples, at higher rates in the anterior region than in the premolar and molar regions (P < 0.01). Dilaceration was observed 3.8% of the patients, at significantly higher rates in the molar region (P < 0.01). Ectopia was found in 2.9% of individuals, less common in the molar region than in the anterior and premolar regions (P < 0.01). Hypodontia was seen in 3.4% of patients, significantly lower in the anterior teeth than in the premolar and molar teeth (P < 0.01). Patients having talon cusp were 2.7%, microdontia was 1%, and only 0.5% showed the presence of hyperdontia. The distribution of hyperdontia and microdontia did not significantly differ between regions (P > 0.05). Gemination was seen in only one anterior tooth and macrodontia in only one premolar tooth. Discussion and Conclusion: Rotation is the most common dental anomaly in Turkish population, followed by diastema. Knowledge of the prevalence of anomalies may help clinicians to the detection of these anomalies at early stages.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Indonesian Individuals with Down Syndrome

Objective: To determine the frequency distribution of dental anomalies in people with Down syndrome. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed in Jakarta, Indonesia, and evaluated 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged 14-53 years. Were collected information regarding the tooth number, tooth size, shape, and structure. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. The Pearson chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis. The significance threshold was set at 5%. Results: There were 70 female subjects (40.2%) and 104 male subjects (59.8%) with an average age of 19.2 years. In terms of anomalies of tooth number, hypodontia (80.9%), supernumerary teeth (12.4%), and combined hypodontia and supernumerary teeth (12.4%) were identified. In terms of anomalies of tooth size, microdontia (98.8%) is the most common anomaly. Anomalies of tooth shape included fusion (66.67%) and talon's cusp (33.3%), whereas anomalies of tooth structure included enamel hypoplasia (70.8%), enamel hypocalcification (4.2%), combined enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification (12.5%), and tooth discoloration (12.5%). Conclusion: Individuals with Down syndrome in Jakarta showed a high prevalence of dental anomalies, with hypodontia and microdontia being the most common anomalies showing a tendency to occur predominantly in males.

The prevalence of developmental anomalies among school children in Southern district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background:The developmental anomalies of oral cavity are malformations affecting dental and oral tissues. Anomalies of teeth can be associated with primary, mixed or adult dentitions. Anomalies are the results of perturbations in the developmental stages of tissues which may be influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors.Aim and Objectives:The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of oral and dental anomalies among school attending children in Chittoor and Kadapa districts of Andhra Pradesh. The secondary objective of this study was to compare occurrence of anomalies based on the age stratification to denote primary, mixed and adult dentitions.Materials and Methods:A total of 5000 school children, aged 3–15 years were invited to participate in the study. Information regarding age, sex, level of school education, brushing and hygiene habits were collected using a questionnaire. Intra- and extra-oral examinations were conducted by trained dental surgeons. Clinical data were collected by a single examiner and the details of these anomalies were recorded on the data sheet of the study. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:Overall prevalence of developmental anomalies was 11.40% and documented 14 types of anomalies. The prevalence of documented anomalies is as follows: tongue-tie 197 (3.90%), dental fluorosis 171 (3.40%), high frenal attachments 156 (3.10%), cusp of Carabelli 14 (0.30%), supernumerary teeth 11 (0.20%), microdontia 4 (0.10%), congenitally missing teeth 4 (0.10%), lip pits 3 (0.08%), fusion 2 (0.04%), retained deciduous teeth 2 (0.04%) and one case of angular cheilitis, cleft lip and cleft palate, talon cusp, amelogenesis imperfecta (0.02%). The prevalence of dental anomalies was 18.10% in 3–5 years, 52.30% among 6–12 years and 29.6% in 13–15 years. Chi-square test was statistically significant (P = 0.003).Conclusions:Tongue-tie was the most frequent oral tissue developmental anomaly and fluorosis was the most common developmental anomaly affecting dental tissue. The prevalence rate of the study was compared with studies published from other geographical regions in India. The variations in the reported prevalence of developmental anomalies are probably related to genetic and environmental conditions.

Studies on Prevalence of Accessory Tooth Cusps in Some Ethnic Populations of Northern India and their Forensic Relevance

A dental cusp is a prominence on the crown of the tooth and is present normally on posterior teeth. This study was carried out to determine the frequency of different accessory cusps, their sites and presence of unilateral/bilateral cusps among males and females of three distinct ethnic populations of North India – Brahmin, Rajput and Muslim with reverence to their forensic utility. The frequency analysis revealed that the male had higher presence of accessory cusps than the females, while the communities showed minor variation in the accessory cusps. The Brahmins had the most bilateral cusps (15.3%) followed by Rajputs (14.4%) and Muslims (8.6%) the least. Further, the Carabelli’s cusps were found with highest frequency than the talon cusps which are the rarest type of cusps in these communities. However, the findings suggest that the accessory dental cusps may provide the clue the identity of the individuals in the absence of any other physiognomic characteristics.

Minimally invasive management of a labial talon cusp: Clinical review and case report

Minimally invasive management of a labial talon cusp: Clinical review and case report

Dental anomalies of form and number in primary dentition in a Mexican population

Abstract: To determine the frequency and distributionof dental anomalies of shape and numberin primary dentition.&#x0D; Methods: The study is retro-prolective, crosssectionaland descriptive. The sample was probabilistic,stratified for convenience by gender. Theclinical record of 1,568 patients was reviewed.These patients attended the Clinic of PediatricDentistry of FEBUAP during the period of 2012-2014, only 720 records of patients were includedin the study (321 girls and 399 boys) between theages of 1-10 years old, who provided complete,crisp radiographic studies with the presence ofdental anomalies of shape or number, the studywas divided into active and inactive patients.For inactive patients, photographs of x-rays withdental anomalies of shape and/or number weretaken. For cases with active patients, an interviewwith one of the parents was conducted andauthorization with informed consent was requested,also the child agreed to do a clinical examinationand take intraoral photographs.&#x0D; Results:A total of 63 children had anomalies (17girls and 46 boys). The total prevalence of dentalanomalies was 9%, of which 3.1% were (fusedand geminated teeth), 1.1% (agenesis) and 1.9%(supernumerary), 1.3% (supernumerary roots),0.27% (macrodontia), 0.11% (microdontia), andfinally 0.27% corresponded to (talon cusp).&#x0D; Conclusions: Although the prevalence of theseanomalies is not high, it is important to do a routineradiographic examination for early diagnosisand accordingly apply the correct preventivemeasures to establish the best treatment plan.

Pre-eruptive diagnosis and management of occlusal dens evaginatus in premolar teeth

Dens evaginatus is an uncommon dental aberration that occurs primarily on the occlusal surfaces of premolar teeth. Developmentally, it is similar to a talon cusp, though the latter manifests on the palatal or lingual surfaces of anterior teeth. Its anatomical location is often the central fossa of the associated tooth; it can vary significantly in size and can be present symmetrically in the ipsilateral and contralateral quadrants. Histologically, the enamel protuberance may contain dentinal and pulpal tissue. If early, ideally pre-eruptive diagnosis is not made, there is a significant risk that, on eruption, these protuberances will shear off under occlusal forces, exposing the pulp, and potentially leading to loss of teeth in an otherwise healthy dentition. Therefore, its clinical implications are significant to the general dental practitioner, the paediatric dentist, the orthodontist and the restorative dentist. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This review article aims to summarize the available dental literature and illustrate the appropriate management of a patient with dens evaginatus.

Prevalence of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients: A retrospective study

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and gender distributions of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients. Material and methodsA retrospective review of the dental files of orthodontic patients was conducted to investigate the frequencies of dental anomalies. Pretreatment intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs were analyzed. The occurrence rates of various dental anomalies (as determined by the numbers, shapes, structures, exfoliations, and eruptions of teeth) were calculated as percentages and differences in gender distribution using Chi2 and Fisher tests. ResultsFive hundred fifty-one patients receiving orthodontic treatment between 2003 and 2013 at a French hospital were included in the study: 45.74% of the patients (n=252) presented at least one dental anomaly. Taurodontism was the most common (15.06%), followed by ectopic eruption (11.43%). Odontoma, macrodontia, fusion, gemination, talon cusp, dentinogenesis imperfecta, regional odontodysplasia, premature tooth eruption, and premature exfoliation were not found. No statistically significant correlations were found between gender and the occurrence of dental anomalies. ConclusionFrench orthodontic patients exhibit a high rate of dental anomalies, indicating that dental anomalies should be carefully considered in the orodental management of French patients.

Tooth Impaction and Hypodontia in a Patient with Talon Cusp: Report of a Case

Objectives This study is aimed to introduce an unusual case of a female with two talon teeth on both maxillary lateral incisors.Case A 38-year-old female was referred to oral medicine department, Qom university of medical sciences for routin examinations. Bilateral maxillary talon cusp was observed on maxillary lateral incisors. Future evaluation revealed impaction of maxillary left canine and missing all wisdom teeth. Since talon teeth were not decayed and no occlusal interferences were present, no treatment was performed and patient was scheduled for routine follow up recalls.Conclusion Comprehensive examination of the case revealed the province of bilateral talon cusp teeth in maxilla

Examination of the Rare Labial Talon Cusp on Human Anterior Teeth

The labial talon cusp, a triangular ridge of enamel near the midline of anterior teeth, has been observed in archaeological remains and modern dental patients. The purpose of our report is to describe new cases in order to provide better estimates of its frequency, symmetry, teeth involved, and geographic occurrence. This research was initiated after a labial talon cusp was found in a Caddo cranium curated in the Texas Archaeological Research Lab at the University of Texas at Austin. Subsequently, we identified additional examples resulting in the total of eight new cases presented here. Five cases were identified in the Native American Pima dental casts from the A. A. Dahlberg collection at Arizona State University. Two of the Pima cases were found in a systematic analysis of 1,835 dental casts for a population frequency of 0.11%. Additional cases were identified in Ainu and Anasazi skeletal material. Including these new finds, 15 cases of labial talon cusp are now known including Native Americans, African Americans, Japanese, Australians, and Europeans. Six cases are maxillary and nine are mandibular. Known maxillary cases are unilateral, while 55.6% of the mandibular cases are bilateral. All anterior teeth appear to be affected, but there is no recorded instance of an affected mandibular canine.