Distribution Of Talent Research Articles

Early attempts to integrate kinetic theory into economics in Italy between the wars

Between the two world wars, a group of Italian mathematicians, statisticians and economists set out to use the tools of statistical mechanics to interpret the Pareto income distribution curve as a probability distribution. Models based on Boltzmann's thermal equilibrium were independently developed to find an economic variable, comparable to the kinetic energy of gas theory, that could explain the heavy tail of the Pareto curve. The various avenues explored eventually led them back to Pareto's much debated explanation, namely that the hyperbolic distribution of income was due to the unequal distribution of talent.

Interplay of network structure and talent configuration on wealth dynamics.

The economic success of individuals is often determined by a combination of talent, luck, and assistance from others. We introduce an agent-based model that simultaneously considers talent, luck, and social interaction. This model allows us to explore how network structure (how agents interact) and talent distribution among agents affect the dynamics of capital accumulation through analytical and numerical methods. We identify a phenomenon that we call the "talent configuration effect," which refers to the influence of how talent is allocated to individuals (nodes) in the network. We analyze this effect through two key properties: talent assortativity (TA) and talent-degree correlation (TD). In particular, we focus ons three economic indicators: growth rate (n_{rate}), Gini coefficient (inequality: n_{Gini}), and meritocratic fairness (n_{LT}). This investigation helps us understand the interplay between talent configuration and network structure on capital dynamics. We find that, in the short term, positive correlations exist between TA and TD for all three economic indicators. Furthermore, the dominant factor influencing capital dynamics depends on the network topology. In scale-free networks, TD has a stronger influence on the economic indices than TA. Conversely, in lattice-like networks, TA plays a more significant role. Our findings address that high socioeconomic homophily can create a dilemma between growth and equality and that hub monopolization by a few highly talented agents makes economic growth strongly dependent on their performances.

The distribution and mobility of academic talents in the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area

AbstractThe Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area is becoming a new world economic centre, but research on the law of academic talent mobility in the Greater Bay Area is still scarce at present. This study builds an overall analysis framework, introduces the curriculum vitae analysis method, and systematically collects resumes of academics from universities in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao. Through this, we try to find the stock, distribution, study origin and inflow of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, the internal mobility of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, and the global mobility network of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area. Academic mobility is a significant topic in higher education research, closely related to higher education's competitiveness and attractiveness. This research is of positive significance for clarifying the basic situation of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, scientifically carrying out talent planning during the new stage of China's national economic and social development, and scientifically attracting talents based on the law of talent mobility.

Sports team success and managerial decisions: the role of playing-time concentration

PurposeProfessional sports teams employ highly paid managers and coaches to train players and make tactical and strategic team decisions. A large literature analyzes the impact of manager decisions on team outcomes. Empirical analysis of manager decisions requires a quantifiable proxy variable for manager decisions. Previous research focused on manager dismissals, tenure on teams, the number of substitutions made in games or the number of healthy players on rosters held out of games for rest, generally finding small positive impacts of manager decisions on team success.Design/methodology/approachThe authors quantify manager decisions by developing a novel measure of game-specific coaching decisions: the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) of playing-time across players on a team roster over the course of a season.FindingsEvidence from two-way fixed effects regression models explaining observed variation in National Basketball Association team winning percentage over the 1999–2000 to 2018–2019 seasons show a significant association between managers’ allocation of playing time and team success. A one standard deviation change in playing-time HHI that reflects a flattened distribution of player talent is associated with between one and two additional wins per season, holding the talent of players on the team roster constant. Heterogeneity exists in the impact across teams with different player talent.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers to examine playing-time concentration in the NBA. The results are important for understanding how managerial decisions about resource allocation lead to sustained competitive advantage. Linking coaching decisions to wins can help teams to better promote this core product.

Talent in the public sector: The role of migration and housing policies

Misallocating talent can have significant costs for society. Previous studies have shown that reducing mobility barriers enhances talent allocation across regions, yet the impact on talent allocation between the public and private sectors, as well as the quality of the public sector, remains unclear. This paper presents a two-city, two-sector model incorporating endogenous location and occupational choices to address this gap. We find that changes in the value or supply of residence quotas (hukou) do not always influence public employment quality. We also analytically characterize the conditions under which they do, which involve the value and supply of hukou, wages in the government sector, and productivity differentials across cities. In the same environment, however, changes in land availability do not affect talent distribution across the public and private sectors.

LUCK OF OUTCOME IN THE TALENT VERSUS LUCK MODEL

This paper analyzes the Talent versus Luck model, which examines the impact of talent and luck on an individual’s career success. The original simulation-based model demonstrated that the distribution of capital has a heavy tail, and the most successful individuals are not necessarily the most talented. While the implications of the original model are intriguing, those findings were based solely on numerical calculations, and it was unclear how generally valid they are. Challet et al. generalize the original model using an analytical approach and successfully clarify the relationship between talent, lucky events, and capital when talent is constant and follows a uniform distribution. We reformulate a simplified model and derive more general propositions about the relationship between luck and talent in individual success by introducing the new concept of luck of outcome in addition to the luck of opportunity in previous models. We show that the capital distribution generated from a simplified talent versus luck model follows a lognormal distribution even when the talent is subject to a normal distribution. Moreover, we specify the relationship between the inequality of the distribution, which is indicated by the Gini coefficient, and the parameters of talent distribution.

Strategies to expand the distribution of nursing talent in the United States

This panel paper is the third installment in a six-part Nursing Outlook special edition based on the 2022 Emory Business Case for Nursing Summit. The 2022 summit was led by Emory School of Nursing in partnership with Emory School of Business. It convened national nursing, health care, and business leaders to explore possible solutions to nursing workforce crises, including the nursing shortage. Each of the summit’s four panels authored a paper in this special edition on their respective topic(s). This panel paper focuses on strategies to optimally distribute nursing talent in rural and underserved areas. It discusses the role of nursing talent distribution in ensuring equity in access to care for U.S. populations. Topics covered include the need for expanded and standardized advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) scope of practice, an expanded nurse licensure compact, reimbursement reforms, and competitive nursing salaries.

Top Talent, Elite Colleges, and Migration: Evidence from the Indian Institutes of Technology

We study migration in the right tail of the talent distribution using a novel dataset of Indian high school students taking the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE), a college entrance exam used for admission to the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT). We find a high incidence of migration after students complete college: among the top 1000 scorers on the exam, 36% have migrated abroad, rising to 62% for the top 100 scorers. We next document that students who attended the original “Top 5” IIT were 5 percentage points more likely to migrate for graduate school compared to equally talented students who studied in other institutions. We explore two mechanisms for these patterns: signaling, for which we study migration after one university suddenly gained the IIT designation; and alumni networks, using information on the location of IIT alumni in U.S. computer science departments.

Where Is the Rural Creative Class? A Systematic Literature Review About Creative Industries in Low-Density Areas

AbstractResearch in creative industries is mostly focused on urban and metropolitan areas. However, various authors have approached the creative industries from a regional, rural, or remote point of view. The objective of this study is to map and analyze research on creative industries in low-density areas and to identify the main theories and current and future trends within this theme. For data collection, only articles published in the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were used, from which a set of 152 documents was obtained. For this study, we used R Bibliometrix software to assist in result analysis and VOSViewer software, to create a reference co-citation’s map, which allowed us to identify three clusters, whose themes we analyzed in detail. The results allowed to show (i) an increase in investigations into creative industries in low-density areas in recent years, (ii) the main journals and authors that have contributed the most to this theme, (iii) the identification of the theories most used in these studies, and (iv) finally, the identification of three clusters: remoteness and place relations with the creative industries (cluster 1), critical perspectives and the spatial distribution of talent (cluster 2), and cultural policies and the genesis of the creative class (cluster 3). This study contributes to mapping and critically summarizing the existing literature linking the creative industries and low-density areas. In addition, the study made it possible to identify current and future trends in order to enhance new lines of investigation.

Talent concentration and competitive imbalance in European soccer.

While most of the available literature on competitive balance analyses its impact on ticket sales and TV audiences, less empirical research is available that examines the observable variation in competitive balance across leagues and over time. This paper studies the concentration of player talent and end-of-season league points to empirically assess whether leagues with a more equal distribution of player talent produce a more balanced competition than leagues with less equal distribution. The longitudinal data we use to estimate our empirical model comes from professional soccer leagues in twelve Western European countries from 2005/06 thru 2020/21, yielding 5,299 club-season observations. Our empirical analysis indicates that talent concentration in a league significantly and positively impacts points concentration in that league. However, in specifications controlling for year, country, and division, this impact is only weakly significant or insignificant, suggesting that talent concentration does not significantly affect competitive balance in that league. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that the relationship between talent and points concentration does not vary considerably across the European leagues or over time. Our results suggest that repeated participation in the UEFA Champions League, with its considerable monetary returns by (more or less) the same subset of teams, does not increase competitive imbalance in the respective national league. Thus, with relatively few additional regulatory interventions, the promotion and relegation system in the open European soccer leagues seems effective in ensuring a balanced competition.

Research on the Demand for Professional Chinese Talents in Ecuador

With the proposal and promotion of the "Belt and Road" initiative and the growing bilateral trade between Ecuador and China, the demand for Chinese talents in various industries in Ecuador is increasing. However, there is currently no research on the Chinese talent demand in Ecuador's industry. To address this gap, this paper analyzes the types of demand for Chinese talents in Ecuador's industry based on trade volume data between China and Ecuador. The study finds that while the supply of Chinese language talents in various industries is in short supply, Chinese language education in Ecuador is still in its early stages, with an immature teaching system, a wide distribution of talent, and limited industry-specific Chinese language curricula. Furthermore, the training unit lacks attention to Chinese talent training and suffers from a shortage of teachers. In light of these challenges, this paper proposes four suggestions: (1) Ecuador should clarify its talent training goals and train Chinese talents in agriculture, fishery, mining, and manufacturing; (2) talent training work should be implemented at all levels and diversified to cover a range of subjects; (3) attention should be paid to the training of teachers and the construction of Chinese language teaching staff in the industry; and (4) cooperation should be strengthened to provide research and development support for Chinese teaching resources in Ecuador. This paper aims to provide insights and reference for the training of Chinese talents in Ecuador and the analysis of demand for Chinese talents in other countries.

A Dynamic Analysis of Equal Revenue Sharing and Endogenous Salary Caps in the N-Team Leagues

This article studies the combined effect of equal revenue sharing and endogenous salary caps in a dynamical setting. It is shown that (i) a combination of equal revenue sharing and salary caps cannot eliminate competitive imbalance in the league; (ii) the share of player salaries has no impact on the distribution of talent among teams; (iii) under equal revenue sharing, the introduction of salary restrictions is not meant to prevent player salaries from rising, but to prevent them from falling; and (iv) under equal revenue sharing and salary caps, the reverse-order draft is incompatible with talent investment incentives of teams.

The Cognitive Profile of Gifted Children Compared to Those of Their Parents: A Descriptive Study Using the Wechsler Scales.

The manifestation of performance at the top of a given talent distribution constitutes giftedness. While identifying talented youths based on IQ has been the focus of previous research, examining their cognitive profile is a new endeavor. The present study assessed the IQ and cognitive abilities of a sample of gifted Italian children and compared them to their parents using the Wechsler scales. Fifty-nine gifted children aged 6 to 14 years were administered the WISC-IV while their parents (N = 53 mothers and N = 55 fathers) took the WAIS-IV. The gifted children (IQ ≥ 120) obtained particularly high scores in verbal comprehension (VCI) and visual-perceptual reasoning (PRI). More than two-thirds of the mothers and over half of the fathers also achieved an IQ ≥ 120. The gifted children scored significantly higher than both mothers and fathers in VCI and PRI. The mothers were significantly higher than their children in the processing speed domain. Correlational analyses highlighted that children's IQ was positively related to that of their mothers. In keeping with the literature, the cognitive profile of gifted children was found to vary across cognitive abilities. It follows that the General Ability Index was the WISC-IV index that best matched the potential of gifted youths. Consistent with previous research, our study suggests that intellectual abilities, especially working memory and processing speed, are maintained and presumably passed on from one generation to the next.

Talent Discovery and Poaching Under Asymmetric Information

Abstract We develop a model of the market for knowledge workers in which talent is discovered on the job. In the model, asymmetric information and firm-specific human capital combine to generate several predictions relating firm heterogeneity to talent discovery and poaching. We show that high-quality (i.e., large and high-productivity) firms are more likely to become talent poachers, while lower-quality firms are more likely to invest in talent discovery. Job-to-job flows are adversely selected, which implies that internally promoted managers are more productive than those who are externally promoted. The model generates several additional predictions linking firm heterogeneity to the distribution of managerial talent, productivity, compensation and promotions.

Theology, Desert, and Egalitarianism

This article assesses Eric Nelson’s claims that the young Rawls’s endorsement of an illiberal doctrine of original sin led to his later denial that desert is relevant to social justice and that the mature Rawls’s egalitarianism still depends on the theologically contestable assumption that the distribution of natural talents is morally arbitrary. The article defends Rawlsian egalitarianism without endorsing Rawls’s more general skepticism about desert.

Economic legal and psychological aspects of the introduction of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine

The relevance of this study was to determine the importance of development of social entrepreneurship during the epidemiological crisis and during the war period, which has a significant impact on both the economic and sociological situation, especially for socially vulnerable population groups, internally displaced people, youth, as it solves the problem of unemployment, and social and psychological adaptation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the formation and development of the “social entrepreneurship” category, to identify its main economic, legal and psychological problems, as well as to provide recommendations to promote the further development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The key methods used in the study included historical, dialectical, abstract-logical, methods of systematization and generalization, economic, statistical, and comparative analysis, as well as the graphic method. Special characteristics of social entrepreneurs were formulated. It was found that social entrepreneurship concentrates a creative approach, innovativeness, planning and risk-taking. The authors established that national culture and public attitudes influence individual decisions regarding the distribution of entrepreneurial talents in the activities of social enterprises. Furthermore, it was also substantiated that the vagueness of the clear formulation of the category “social entrepreneurship”, the absence of separate legislation in the field of its regulation causes the lack of targeted national support for such enterprises, although it does not limit social entrepreneurs in choosing the optimal legal form of their social entrepreneurship. To improve the situation, it is recommended to focus on opportunities to stimulate social entrepreneurship, especially at the local level. The theoretical significance of this study lies in the emphasis on the economic, legal, and psychological factors of the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine under the conditions of crisis and war. In practice, the results of this study can be used by enterprises, united territorial communities, regional and state authorities, non-governmental organizations.

The Evolution of China’s High-Level Talent Mobility Network: A Comparative Analysis Based on School and Work Stage

The flow of high-level talents in China is becoming more and more active and has a profound impact on the innovation and development of cities. Based on the research on the spatial distribution of the school and work stages of high-level talent in China, we study the structure and evolution of China’s high-level talent mobility network by using the data on the flow trajectory of talent among cities in China. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of talents in the two stages has greater consistency, but there is a change characteristic of “large dispersion, small agglomeration.” (2) Compared with the school stage, the network in the work stage has much more connections; the centrality gap of cities has narrowed. (3) “Core-periphery” structure of two networks is relatively significant and similar. The core layer in the two networks has not changed, but the subcore layer and the subedge layer have undergone changes. In addition, talents mainly flow to core and subcore cities. (4) The space structure of network is more complex in the work stage, and it is expanding to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in southeastern China.

The Role of Digital Talents in the Transition to Circular Business Models for Environmental Conservation

The problem of environmental conservation and resource-efficient functioning of enterprises is currently one of the most urgent for developed and developing economies of the world. The opportunities for improving the efficiency of companies' activities in the field of environmental conservation in Industry 4.0 conditions are strongly connected with new business models and technologies of the digital economy. The use of digital solutions can significantly reduce emissions, increase the rational use of resources, improve energy efficiency, etc. Moreover, the whole concept of interaction of economic agents with each other and with the environment is changing. In general, this allows, firstly, deploying different solutions to improve the interaction of economic entities with the environment due to the application of different digital technologies (deep technologies, including Artificial intelligence, Industrial Internet of Things, Blockchain, Additive manufacturing, etc.). Secondly, to switch to new business models those are most effective in the context of human interaction with the environment. An example is the circular business model. However, the implementation of both options requires the availability of appropriate specialists in the field of the digital economy – digital talents. Now there is a significant gap in this area between demand and supply in the labor market. A shortage of digital talent exists. The distribution of digital talents in enterprises is unreasonable. The lack of digital talent, especially high-end technical specialists, is prominent, as is the lack of low-end technicians and technicians familiar with the industry. The core characteristic of digital talents is the ability to quickly and accurately find out novel information and new situations in the information field amidst the constant renewal of information technology. This requires the ability to learn continuously and independently. The training of these technicians in universities is essential. The solution to existing challenges is possible based on the development of effective interaction between educational institutions and the subjects of the labor market. The paper contains the main directions of digital talents cultivation in the context of transition to circular sustainable business models.

Moments of Competitive Balance in Major League Soccer

In this paper, we investigate competitive balance in Major League Soccer and compare balance across talent acquisition policy regimes with a bias-corrected measure from 1996 to 2019. We evaluate multiple moments of the league talent distribution, and we add to past work by using multiple levels of aggregation that reveal heterogeneous results with respect to the distribution of talent within and across seasons. We show that there has been little improvement in competitive balance over the league's history, though there has been an increase in year-to-year stability in balance and a lower propensity for teams at the extremes of performance.

The Distribution of Teaching Staff in Colleges and Universities based on Neuropsychology

Objectives: At present, quality education has gradually been recognized by the whole society, and a consensus has been reached on its importance, which has put forward stricter requirements for the distribution of faculty in universities. Methods: In this paper, based on neuropsychology, the distribution of teaching staff in colleges and universities was studied, and the model of talent evaluation and distribution was constructed. Results: Firstly, the generalized regression neural network was optimized by genetic algorithm. Then, the genetic algorithm’s generalized regression neural network calculation process was designed. Conclusion: Finally, with the example of teacher resources in a university, the algorithm in this paper was tested. The results show that the results of the generalized regression neural network optimized by genetic algorithm can match the actual situation very well, and the method is feasible with certain advantages.