Taiwan Research Articles

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Copper Matrix Composite for Brake Pads

Copper-based powder metallurgy materials are frequently utilized in fabricating brake pads for high-speed trains. The preparation process involves mixing, ball milling, pressing, and sintering. Among these steps, hot-pressed sintering stands out as a rapid and efficient method that significantly influences the properties and performance of the products. In this study, four samples (S700/S750/S800/S850) were prepared using hot-pressed sintering at various temperatures, as follows: 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, and 850 °C. The mechanical and physical properties of the four samples were tested, and the microstructure and compositions were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The findings highlighted the close relationship between sintering temperature and the mechanical and physical properties of the samples, as it impacts the porosity and interfacial bonding of the particles. Notably, Sample S800 demonstrated superior mechanical and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction (COF), friction heat, and wear rate of the four samples were also tested under different braking speeds ranging from 150 km/h to 350 km/h. The results indicated that the COFs of the four samples remained relatively stable below 300 km/h but decreased notably above 300 km/h due to heat fading. Sample S800 displayed consistent and high COF under varied braking speeds and exhibited the lowest wear rate. The observed wear mechanisms included abrasive wear and oxidation wear. Additionally, the friction test results underscored the close correspondence of the COF curve of S800 with the standard of the Ministry of Railways of the People’s Republic of China.

Increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in young and middle-aged adults with obesity receiving Chinese herbal medicine: A nationwide cohort study.

Many patients with obesity in Taiwan seek Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics. This study aimed to estimate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in adults diagnosed with obesity, with or without CHM. Patients with obesity aged 18 to 50 years were identified using diagnostic codes from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2008 and 2018. We randomized 67,655 patients with or without CHM using propensity score matching. All patients were followed up from the start of the study until MACEs, death, or the end of 2018. A Cox proportional regression model was used to evaluate the hazard ratios of MACEs in the CHM and non-CHM cohorts. During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, the CHM group had a higher incidence of MACEs than the non-CHM control cohort (9.35 versus 8.27 per 1,000 person-years). The CHM group had a 1.13-fold higher risk of MACEs compared with the non-CHM control (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.19; p <0.001), especially in ischemic stroke (aHR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07-1.31; p <0.01), arrhythmia (aHR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14-1.38; p <0.001), and young adults aged 18 to 29 years (aHR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.43; p <0.001). Although certain CHMs offer cardiovascular benefits, young and middle-aged obese adults receiving CHM exhibit a higher risk of MACEs than those not receiving CHM. Therefore, TCM practitioners should be cautious when prescribing medications to young patients with obesity, considering their potential cardiovascular risks.

Assessment of male creatinine levels and fecundity in couples planning pregnancy: a national cohort study in China.

Is there an association between male creatinine levels and time to pregnancy (TTP) in couples planning pregnancy? Low and high male creatinine concentrations were associated with reduced couple fecundity. Abundant evidence suggests male creatinine dysfunction is associated with infertility in males with kidney diseases. However, the association of preconception creatinine levels with reduced fecundity among general reproductive-aged couples lacks evidence from an in-depth population study. Based on the population-based cohort study from the National Free Preconception Check-up Projects, 4023204 couples were recruited and met the inclusion criteria from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. They were planning pregnancy and were followed up every 3 months until achieving pregnancy as detected by gynaecological ultrasonography or were followed up for 1 year for the analysis of TTP. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for creatinine deciles. Restricted cubic spline regression was adopted for the dose-response relationship of creatinine with HRs. R statistical software was used for data analysis. Of the included participants, 2756538 (68.52%) couples successfully conceived. The median male serum creatinine was 81.50 μmol/l. Compared with the reference group (78.00-81.49 μmol/l) including the median creatinine, fecundity in the first (≤64.89 μmol/l), second (64.90-69.99 μmol/l), third (70.00-73.99 μmol/l), and tenth (≥101.00 μmol/l) deciles decreased by 8%, 5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively (Decile 1 Adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.91-0.92; Decile 2 Adjusted HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.95-0.96; Decile 3 Adjusted HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99; Decile 10 Adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-0.99). An inverse-U-shaped association was consistently presented among males such that non-inferiority for fecundity was shown when creatinine was in the 81.66-104.90 μmol/l range (P for non-linearity < 0.001). For males over 40 years old, the risk of fecundity impairment was more obvious and the recommended range of creatinine levels for TTP was reduced and more narrow, compared with that for younger males. Not including the time couples spend preparing for pregnancy before enrolment would lead to an overestimation of fecundity; additionally some couples place pregnancy plans on hold due to special emergencies, which would not have been recognized. Due to the lack of information regarding semen quality, psychological factors, sexual intercourse frequencies, and hazardous environmental factors, we could not adjust for these factors. Some variates were self-reported and dichotomized, which were prone to bias. Direct variables reflecting muscle mass and impaired kidney function were lacking. Thus, extrapolation should be done with caution. Male creatinine is associated with couples' fecundity and the relationship varied by age. This study provides a better understanding of the potential implications and significance of different creatinine levels and their association with the clinical significance regarding couples' fecundity. This research has received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81872634), the Basic Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutes of China (Grant No. 2023GJZ03), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC1000307), and the Project of National Research Institute for Family Planning (Grant No. 2018NRIFPJ03), People's Republic of China. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. N/A.

Правовые аспекты доступа иностранных инвесторов на рынок ценных бумаг Китайской Народной Республики

The People’s Republic of China is the second largest economy in the world. One of the foundations of China’s economic prosperity is a well-developed financial market and, in particular, the securities market. However, the implementation of investments in the Chinese securities market by foreigners is significantly hampered by administrative barriers and direct legislative restrictions. This paper analyzes the legal regime of foreign investment in the securities market of the PRC. The legal regulation of separate legal mechanisms aimed at realization of direct foreign investments in the PRC securities market, such as the status of a qualified foreign institutional investor, as well as exchange and depository links, is researched. The comparative legal aspect assesses the correlation of foreign investment mechanisms in Russia and China and, taking into account the existing characteristics, proposes measures to develop mutually beneficial ways of legal regulation for both countries.

Современная банковская система Китайской Народной Республики

Cooperation with banks of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China, the PRC) becomes a crucial component for successful development of large and small business in Russia. The Chinese banking system has proven its efficiency as an important development institution of one of the world’s leading powers. This experience may be in great demand in the Russian reality. Besides, the situation in the Russian-Chinese financial and banking logistics proves relevance of using experience of the PRC in the development of the national banking system. The authors emphasize special aspects of the banking system of the PRC that characterize its levels, the system of laws that govern banking activities and the current status taking into account the development of banking relations between Russia and China against the background of escalation of Chinese-American relations, U.S. sanctions.

Китайская концепция киберсуверенитета и ее значение для правового регулирования искусственного интеллекта и обеспечения информационно-психологической безопасности в условиях защиты конкуренции

In the article, the author analyzes the mechanisms of achieving cyber sovereignty by the People›s Republic of China through the prism of the impact of this policy on the state of competition in the information and digital commodity markets, as well as the correlation of the legal and economic effect of such a policy with the policy of protectionism. The author believes that the policy pursued by China in relation to the creation of a sovereign Internet can be applied by other developing countries both for the purpose of ensuring their information independence and security, and for the purpose of creating conditions for the emergence of companies competing with the global giants of the information technology industry in such states.

Familial coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders among first-degree relatives of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder

BackgroundAnxiety disorders, major psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and major affective disorders), and neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) may cluster together within families. However, whether the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are at an elevated risk of neurodevelopmental or major psychiatric disorders remains unknown. MethodsWe identified 2,378,190 FDRs of patients with GAD and 9,512,760 birth year–matched and sex-matched controls from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and ADHD, and major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and GAD, were identified. ResultsThe FDRs—parents, offspring, and siblings—of individuals with GAD were more likely to be diagnosed as having schizophrenia (relative risk: 1.22), bipolar disorder (1.36), major depressive disorder (1.29), autism (1.20), ADHD (1.52), obsessive–compulsive disorder (1.21), and GAD (1.61) than are the FDRs of individuals without GAD. ConclusionOur findings support the notion of a familial coaggregation between GAD, major psychiatric disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Future studies should elucidate the definitive genetic etiology of this familial coaggregation.

Bayesian phylogeographic inference of wheat yellow mosaic virus in China and Japan suggests that the virus migration history coincided with historical events

Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) is one of the most serious viral pathogens causing reductions in wheat yield in East Asia. We investigated the phylodynamics of WYMV by analysing the CP, VPg and P1 genes to understand the origin and dispersal of the virus. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis revealed that the most recent common WYMV ancestor occurred in approximately 1742 (95% credibility interval, 1439–1916) CE (Common Era), and the evolutionary rates of the VPg, CP and P1 genes were 6.669 × 10−4 (95% credibility interval: 4.575 × 10−4–8.927 × 10−4), 2.468 × 10−4 (95% credibility interval: 1.667 × 10−4–3.338 × 10−4) and 5.765 × 10−5 (95% credibility interval: 3.285 × 10−6–1.252 × 10−4), respectively. Our phylogeographic analysis indicated that the WYMV population may have originated in Henan Province, China, first spreading to Japan in the mid-19th century and stopping after the Japanese surrender in World War II. The second wave spread to Japan from Shandong Province, China, in approximately 1977, a few years after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Henan Province was the emigration centre of WYMV in East Asia, and after the late 20th century, Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces were also the virus emigration centres in East Asia. In addition, there were two migration pathways from Japan to Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces, China, in approximately 1918 and approximately 1999 respectively. Our results suggest that the wide spread of WYMV in East Asia is strongly related to human factors.

Analysis of the Existing Forms and Practices of Interaction between Russian and Chinese Educational Organizations at Different Levels in the Framework of Promoting Education in Russian (the Example of the Siberian Federal District)

Introduction. The research problem is caused by the need to study the features of Russian-Chinese educational cooperation in order to more effectively scale the best practices for the promotion of the Russian language and Russian education in China. The purpose of the article is to analyze the established forms and practices of interaction between Russian and Chinese educational organizations at different levels in the field of teaching Russian as a foreign language and promoting Russian education on the example of the Siberian Federal District. Methodology. A summary review of research on forms of international cooperation in the field of education on the example of certain regions of the Russian Federation and the Peopleʼs Republic of China, an analysis of the official websites of educational organizations in Russia in terms of their participation in the processes of internationalization of education. Results. The authors have compiled a database of Siberian and Chinese partner universities, which has enabled a clear demonstration of the degree of presence of Siberian Federal District universities in the educational space of the Peopleʼs Republic of China. Additionally, the article analyses the formats of cooperation between the two countries: educational network programs, academic mobility, preparation of students for admission to Russian universities, summer and winter schools, centers for open education in Russian and Russian language teaching, scientific and technical relations and joint research projects. Conclusions. The analysis has revealed that, despite the existence of a large number of bilateral agreements between educational organizations, interaction is uneven (both in terms of territorial distribution and from a substantive point of view). Furthermore, it would appear that not all Russian universities in the Siberian Federal District are as active as they could be in carrying out international cooperation with Chinese educational organizations.

Genome resequencing reveals genetic status of Macrobrachium rosenbergii populations in China

The giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) has been widely cultured in China since 1990s. In this study, 189 individuals were sampled from 10 distinct populations, including original populations introduced from abroad and domesticated strains in China, namely Florida (FD), "Nantaihu No.2" (NT), Vietnam (YN), Sri Lanka (SK), Bangladesh (ML), Thailand (TG), Taiwan (TW), "Shufeng No.1" (SF), Zhengda (ZD) and New Myanmar (NMD). The genetic diversity and population structure of these populations were analyzed based on a dataset of 300,828 genome-wide SNP loci. The population structure analysis showed that the 10 populations shared 4 ancestors, and the domestic populations (i.e., SF, ZD, TW and NT) shared a common ancestor. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the 10 populations were grouped into 4 branches, with all the domestic populations clustering together. Estimation of fixation index (Fst) values revealed relatively lower Fst values among the domestic populations, in contrast to the more significant differences observed between domestic and foreign-origin populations. Gene flow analysis revealed three significant events of genetic exchange among the 10 populations: (1) from YN to the common ancestor of FD, TG and the domestic populations, (2) from NMD to the common ancestor of TG and FD, and (3) from the common ancestor of NMD, YN, ML and SK to ZD population. In addition, selective sweep analysis, utilizing Fst and nucleotide diversity (Pi) estimations, was conducted on representative populations (i.e., ML and SF), and 7 positively selected genes were identified, including Prospero Homeobox 1 (Prox1), Forkhead Box L1 (Foxl1), Tousled Like Kinase 2 (TLK2), G Protein Subunit Alpha 14 (Gna14), Uronyl 2-sulfotransferase (Ust), MAX Network Transcriptional Repressor (Mnt) and Importin-9 (Ipo9). These findings contribute to elucidating the breeding potential of the introduced populations and provide insights into the genetic status of the domestic breeding strains of M. rosenbergii in China.

Lexical Means of Hierarchization of Value Ideas about Russian Culture among Chinese Students (Based on Materials from the Textbooks “Russian Language for Universities” of the “Vostok” Series)

Introduction. The article analyzes the contexts of the textbooks published in the Peopleʼs Republic of China and addressed to students studying Russian at universities. The analysis includes contexts devoted to the realities of Russian culture and texts containing evaluative vocabulary. The purpose of the study is to present the lexical means used by the textbook authors to form a hierarchy of value ideas about Russian culture among Chinese students studying the Russian language. Methodology. The work was conducted in linguocultural and linguoaxiological aspects, using modern research into ethno-oriented methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Results. The analysis showed that one of the main means of creating ideas about Russian culture among Chinese students studying Russian as a foreign language is evaluative vocabulary, which is used to form a value picture of the world, hierarchically structured and determined by the ideas existing in Chinese culture. Conclusions. Words having evaluative meaning set a hierarchy in accordance with the evaluative scale reflected in them.

Michelangelo Antonioni, Tourist Snapshots, and the Politics of the ‘Backward Scene’ in 1970s China

In 1972, Radio Televisione Italiana, Italy's state broadcaster, commissioned famed director Michelangelo Antonioni to film a documentary in the People's Republic of China, following the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two nations. Socialist China, in the throes of the Cultural Revolution, was a subject of intense Western fascination at the time. Radical activists worldwide were drawn to Maoism, and references to the Cultural Revolution abounded in European popular culture. Against this backdrop, Antonioni's Chung kuo/Cina found a receptive audience in Europe and North America. Yet by early 1974 the director's ‘anti-China film,’ which had not yet had a public screening in the nation, became the subject of strident condemnation in China's state media, caught up in struggles between competing political factions. This article presents a close reading of Chung kuo/Cina, and examines how the campaign condemning the film spilled over into stricter management of foreign tourists and the production of new forms of tourist literature by state publishers. Examining how notions of China's ‘backwardness’ implicated photographic practice, this article explores how Chinese officials regulated tourist photography, how foreign tourists understood those regulations, and how guides and ordinary Chinese citizens entered into the visual discourse of tourism on their own terms.

Countering hegemonism in the Indo-Pacific

The global COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and accentuated the irreconcilable differences among Indo-Pacific states concerning ideology, governance, and understandings of the legitimate uses of power. The Communist Party of China is employing great power statecraft that is best described by the Chinese concept of 霸权主义 Bàquán zhŭyì (hegemonism or aggression aimed at weaker states). This ideologically driven behavior threatens the stability of the global system and may hinder the political and economic gains achieved over decades through the collective cooperation and constraint of aggressive great power statecraft. This article describes a transformation in the People's Republic of China's (PRC) approach towards Australia. It suggests that unless there's an internal upheaval in the PRC's statecraft, the global system might need to temporarily rely on mercantilist blocs to maintain human security, primarily within the democratic states of the Indo-Pacific. This survival strategy would involve resisting hegemonism.

Factors Influencing the Performance Evaluation of Agricultural Product Supply Chain in Guangxi Province, the People's Republic of China

The research questions of this paper are: (1) What factors have an impact on the performance management of the agricultural product supply chain in Guangxi Province? (2) What are the problems in the supply chain management of agricultural products in Guangxi Province? (3) What is the model of the factors influencing the performance of evaluation of agricultural product supply chain in Guangxi province, The People's Republic of China? Through the study of this paper, it is found that there are the following problems in the supply chain management of agricultural products in Guangxi Province: the quality of goods supplied by suppliers is uneven, the timeliness is slow, and the loss during transportation is large. The information systems of various agricultural enterprises are not fully popularized, data between different enterprises cannot be shared, the level of information management is not high enough, the efficiency of transportation management is low, and the quality of transported products cannot be guaranteed.  Major Findings: The research model takes the performance of the agricultural product supply chain in Guangxi Province as the dependent variable, the supplier performance evaluation (SPE) as the independent variable, and the information technology evaluation (ITE) and logistics performance evaluation (LPE) as the mediating variables. The validity of the survey plan and data was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Subsequently, the structural equation model and regression analysis were used to verify the various assumptions in the supply chain organization efficiency hypothesis model. This study deeply explores the many factors that affect the efficiency of the agricultural product supply chain. Finally, a new model for analyzing the factors affecting the performance of the agricultural product supply chain in Guangxi was constructed.

Sino-Africa Relations Post-Covid-19: Issues for Consideration

Sino-Africa relations have been periodised into three phases. The first phase (1950s–1970s) includes the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 and the decolonisation of African states. The second phase (1971–1990s) includes the drift of Sino-Soviet relations, the admission of China into the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), as well as the end of the Cold War. The third phase (2000s–2020) covers the inclusion of China into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001, as well as the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2010. This article considers the fourth phase of Sino-Africa relations, argued to have begun in 2020 post-Covid-19, taking place at a time of de-globalisation, the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and the US-China trade war. We assert that the latter changing global dynamics must be considered in making sense of Sino-Africa relations today. The article argues that despite such a changing global political order, there have been continuities and changes in China’s relations with the African continent. This is evident in the tightening of its relations with Africa, irrespective of ongoing dynamics in global affairs. Despite concerns about the USA’s reprioritisation of Africa, the establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), vaccine diplomacy, and China and African States’ “neutrality” stance on various ongoing conflicts, it is safe to say that Sino-Africa relations will triumph even in this new phase.

Spatial-temporal distribution of neglected tropical diseases burdens in China from 2005 to 2020

BackgroundOut of the 21 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) listed by the World Health Organization, 15 affect the People’s Republic of China. Despite significant achievements in controlling NTDs, comprehensive assessments of the disease burden based on actual case data and detailed information on spatial and temporal dynamics are still lacking. This study aims to assess the disease burden and spatial–temporal distribution of NTDs in China from 2005 to 2020, to provide a reference for the formulation of national health agendas in line with the global health agenda, and guide resource allocation.MethodsThe number of cases and deaths of major NTDs in China from 2005 to 2020 were downloaded from the China Public Health Science Data Center (https://www.phsciencedata.cn/Share/index.jsp) of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and relevant literatures. Simplified formulas for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) helped estimate the years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and total DALYs. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of the average NTDs burden data for the years 2005 to 2020 was evaluated using Moran's I statistic.ResultsChina's overall NTDs burden decreased significantly, from 245,444.53 DALYs in 2005 to 18,984.34 DALYs in 2020, marking a reduction of 92.27%. In 2005, the DALYs caused by schistosomiasis and rabies represent a substantial proportion of the total disease burden, accounting for 65.37% and 34.43% respectively. In 2015, Hunan and Sichuan provinces had the highest diversity of NTDs, with 9 and 8 number of different NTDs reported respectively. And the highest disease burden was observed in Sichuan (242,683.46 DALYs), Xizang Zizhiqu (178,318.99 DALYs) and Guangdong (154,228.31 DALYs). The “high-high” clustering areas of NTDs were mainly in China's central and southern regions, as identified by spatial autocorrelation analysis.ConclusionsChina has made unremitting efforts in the prevention and control of NTDs, and the disease burden of major NTDs in China has decreased significantly. Using the One Health concept to guide disease prevention and control in the field to effectively save medical resources and achieve precise intervention.Graphical abstract

Chinese currency exceptionalism: The curious internationalisation of the renminbi

AbstractThe People's Republic of China (PRC) lacks the macroeconomic conditions to internationalise its currency, the renminbi (RMB). Despite tight controls on capital markets in China, the international use of the RMB has increased significantly with the RMB becoming the fifth most used currency in global trade and financial markets. We argue that the internationalisation of the RMB has followed an unusual process, differing from the more typical features depicted in the literature on currency internationalisation. The RMB has internationalised despite the reluctance of the Chinese government to liberalise the country's current and capital accounts and its financial market. We argue that the investment role of money—overlooked or downplayed in this literature—is the main driver of RMB internationalisation. The Chinese government has created specific investment channels for non‐Chinese investors that allow a controlled flow of capital to enter China's securities markets. The major players promoting the international use of the RMB are Western banks, the investment fund industry and financial services firms that have included Chinese securities in their indices. In the absence of structural conditions to expand the RMB's international use, we suggest that agents matter the most in this phase of limited RMB internationalisation.

Andrés Rodriguez: &lt;i&gt;Frontier Fieldwork: Building a Nation in China’s Borderlands, 1919–45&lt;/i&gt;

The study of the relationship between the central government and the borderlands to the west of China during the Nationalist Republican period (1912–1949) is relevant to our understanding of today’s policies and controversies in the Tibetan regions and Xinjiang. In this way, Frontier Fieldwork, a historical study, is important for engaging with the evolving debate on the political orientation and practice of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in this domain. The western provinces represent the one remaining serious unresolved problem of national integration in Mainland China regarding the country’s minority nationalities.

Development Strategy Management Model for Tennis Club in Guangzhou City, the People’s Republic of China

Background and Aim: More tennis players in Guangzhou offer a larger platform for the sport's growth. The Guangzhou Tennis Club has grown quickly in the last few years. However, as the tennis club has grown, several issues have emerged, including management, staffing, and club operations. Materials and Methods: This study used a questionnaire to look into 286 club members, 143 club coaches, and 53 club administrators from 50 tennis clubs in Guangzhou. The data is analyzed using the descriptive statistics method, and the resultant conclusion serves as a foundation for guidance for the Guangzhou Tennis Club's strategic management model. The instrument; (1) Survey data questionnaire for research purposes. (2) Evaluation form for focus groups. (3) Expert interview guide. (4) Questionnaire for expert assessment. Analyzing Data: (1) The average and percentage must be used in the questionnaire. (2) Content analysis will be used to analyze the data from focus groups and interviews. Results: (1) Able to fully mobilize resources to support development; good at forging cooperative relationships with pertinent institutions. (2) There are organizations to support the growth of the tennis club, and the staff management structure is well-defined. (3) There are standards and design requirements for both members and staff to meet to enter the club. Issues and challenges: (1) Absence of strategies to encourage tennis club growth in conjunction with pertinent institutional or national policies. (2) Professional staff is absent from tennis club management and instruction, and the clubs' development trajectory is unidirectional. (3) Absence of a system for tracking tennis club performance and lack of authority over the maximum number of members. And (4) abusing the tennis club welfare allowance, pressuring staff members. Conclusion: (1) Guangzhou Tennis Club should be taken into consideration when creating the phased development plan, and national and government policies should be used to promote development. The organizing section's management development strategy can be summed up as follows: using the organization's current resources to support the club's quick development. The leading development strategy should be summed up in the leadership section as follows: suitable systems should be developed to standardize each employee's daily work and have requirements for employees. The following succinctly describes the controlling development strategy in the control section: planning employee development and effectively ensuring employee welfare, as well as collaboratively advancing the growth of Guangzhou Tennis Club. (2) Fifteen experts have given the Guangzhou Tennis Club's development strategy management mode, which was created for this study, high marks. The Guangzhou Tennis Club's development strategic management mode received an average score of 4.65 from 15 participants, indicating that the experts are satisfied with the mode's practical application and overall impact.

All-cause and suicide mortality after first psychiatric admission in adolescents and young adults: A longitudinal follow-up study

BackgroundThis study investigated all-cause and suicide mortality rates in adolescents and young adults following an initial psychiatric admission to elucidate the long-term outcomes for this vulnerable group by focusing on the risks associated with various psychiatric diagnostic categories. MethodsThis study involved 9762 adolescents and young adults discharged from their first psychiatric admission and matched 1:1 with 9762 individuals discharged following a diagnosis of appendicitis on the basis of birth year and sex by using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Both stratified (model 1) and standard (model 2) Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess variations in all-cause and suicide mortality between the groups. ResultsOver the 15-year follow-up period, the adolescents and young adults discharged from their first psychiatric admission exhibited an approximately 3-fold increased risk of death from any cause (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.97 in model 1, 2.83 in model 2) and an approximately ten times higher risk of suicide (11.13 in model 1, 9.23 in model 2) compared with those discharged with a diagnosis of appendicitis. Those discharged with alcohol use disorder or major depressive disorder exhibited higher hazard ratios for both all-cause and suicide compared with the reference group. ConclusionsThe findings reveal a considerable risk of all-cause and suicide mortality in adolescents and young adults following discharge from their first psychiatric admission. These results highlight an urgent need for tailored interventions and continued support for this demographic.