Taguchi Experimental Design Research Articles

Optimising the costs of quality combination in the product life cycle by Taguchi design of experiments

Optimising the costs of quality combination in the product life cycle by Taguchi design of experiments

AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND TAGUCHI INTEGRATED APPROACH TO INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP IN THE SOLAR AIR HEATER

In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) and Taguchi method integrated approach to investigation of the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) with circular ring turbulators under solar radiation has been used. The integrated ANN and Taguchi method was applied to examine the effect of three different parameters − pitch ratio (PR), hole number (HN), and Reynolds number (Re) − on the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) under solar radiation heat flux (I). The Taguchi experimental design was conducted using L9 orthogonal array to determine the factor levels of the optimal design. The optimum parameters affecting Nu and fin a solar air heater (SAH) were determined as A3B1C1 and A3B3C3, respectively. The contribution ratios for the test parameters affecting Nu and f were evaluated by using ANOVA analysis. It was shown that the Re number has an effect on Nu with 40.03% contribution ratio, whereas HN has a contribution ratio of 57.24% on f in SAH. Also, Nu and f empirical equations for correlations were obtained with the help of the ANN model. The results of estimation of the ANN model were compared with those of experimens and the obtained results showed a good correlation coefficient (R2) by finding between 0.9950-0.9987 for the test data set.

Ceramic nanocomposites: control of structural and PTX parameters of the synthesis of mullite from kaolinite using Taguchi experimental design

Ceramic nanocomposites: control of structural and PTX parameters of the synthesis of mullite from kaolinite using Taguchi experimental design

Experimental study of surface modification of aluminium 7075 alloy by reverse EDM process using SiC-Cu powder metallurgy green compact electrode and Taguchi experimental design

Experimental study of surface modification of aluminium 7075 alloy by reverse EDM process using SiC-Cu powder metallurgy green compact electrode and Taguchi experimental design

Experimental study of Surface Modification of Aluminum 7075 Alloy by Reverse EDM Process using SiC-Cu Powder Metallurgy Green Compact Electrode and Taguchi Experimental Design

Experimental study of Surface Modification of Aluminum 7075 Alloy by Reverse EDM Process using SiC-Cu Powder Metallurgy Green Compact Electrode and Taguchi Experimental Design

Maximizing MRR of Inconel 625 machining through process parameter optimization of EDM

Past decade witnessed a growing trend of electrical discharge machining (EDM) process, laying a strong consideration on it. EDM is suitable for material subtraction from hard to machine materials by electric spark between work material and tool used as electrodes. Besides the reduction of material from workpiece in machining, the process leads to the removal of a certain amount of tool material as well. There is always a quest for achieving economy in machining through increased material removal rate (MRR) using optimum machining process parameters. In this paper an experimental exploration is presented for optimizing process parameters (factors) like time of pulse on (Ton), input current (Ip) and time of pulse off (Toff) to maximize MRR for subtracting material from Inconel 625 work part using Taguchi experimental design (DoE) and its analysis.

Numerical Study of the Effect of Angle and Location of the First and Second Steps on the Performance of Planing Hull and Their Optimization Using the Taguchi Statistical Method

Providing steps at the bottom of a high‐speed craft could decrease the resistance and enhance the longitudinal stability by dividing a single pressure hump into several ones and extending the hydrodynamic pressure towards aft of the vessel. In the present paper, the effects of the fore and aft steps’ locations and angles on double‐stepped hulls are investigated systematically via a numerical approach. The parent model investigated in this study is a model of a high‐speed recreational craft called Cougar, with a 1 : 5 scale. The three‐dimensional analysis of the model is conducted via the finite volume method, and the free surface is tracked using the volume of the fluid technique. The computational domain is discretized by the overset technique, and the calculations are validated via experimental data. Overall, 27 numerical tests designed by the Taguchi experiment design method are simulated, and the resistance, trim, and rise‐up values are calculated at 8 to 10 m/s speeds. The findings support the notion that the resistance increases by increasing the distance between the fore step and vessel stern. In addition, increasing the distance between the aft step and vessel stern and the increase of the angle of the fore step leads to reducing the vessel resistance. However, the results showed that finding a sensible relationship between the angle of the aft step and resistance requires more investigation. The findings revealed that the interactional effects between the angles of the aft and fore steps are the most considerable among all studied interactional effects. Among the all studied configurations, the lowest resistance was experienced by the model with an aft step at 25% of the vessel’s length to the stern, having an angle of 150°, and a fore step at 40% of the vessel’s length to the stern, having an angle of 180°.

Synthesis of highly regular dandelion-like hydroxyapatite particles—a Taguchi experimental design approach

This study provides a method for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite having a highly regular dandelion-like morphology with high degree of phase purity.

Experimental characterization of pure copper heat sinks fabricated by powder metallurgy

In this study, porous copper plates were produced to be used as heat sinks for cooling purposes. Copper powders were used in the production process and powder metallurgy steps were followed. The relationship between pressure, sintering temperature, time and powder size affecting the porosity level and volume was revealed using the Taguchi experimental design method. Copper powders of 5 ?m and 50 ?m sizes were used in the experiments, and the powders were compressed in the mold at two different pressures, 50 and 60 bar, and sintered at 700?C and 900?C temperatures for 30 and 60 minutes. The L8 orthogonal array was chosen by targeting the surface with the highest porosity in the Taguchi method. The effect ratios of each design parameter on porosity were determined with the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The microstructure characterization, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced samples were analyzed, comparatively.

Process parameters influence on mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg by SLM

An innovative technique for 3D printing of metal is referred to as “Selective Laser Melting” (SLM). because of its benefits, such as producing complex structures with optimised weight and resulting in less material waste. AlSi10Mg samples were built with optimised process parameters with the use of the Taguchi experiment design. The major process variables are laser power, layer height, scan speed, and hatch space. In this work, mechanical properties like hardness and surface roughness are evaluated. The maximum density of 2.62 g/cm3 is obtained at a volumetric energy density of 62.50 J/mm3, surface roughness is minimal at 52.08 J/mm3,and the maximum hardness of 125.6 HV is obtained at a volumetric energy density of 62.50 J/mm. 3 Laser power and scan speed are the parameters that are found to have the most effect on hardness and surface roughness.

Wear and Friction Analysis of Brake Pad Material Using Natural Hemp Fibers

Non-exhaust brake dust and pollution arising from metal, semi-metal, and ceramic brake pads have made recent research consider their replacement by potential natural fibers such as hemp, flax, sisal, etc. These natural fibers are lightweight, biodegradable, and cheap. This paper discusses the wear and friction analysis of hemp fiber reinforced polymer brake pad material. Three test specimens viz. HF4P20, HF5P20, and HF6P20 were prepared per ASTM G99 standards for the pin-on disc tribo-test. The test trials and validation were done using the Taguchi design of experiments and ANOVA. The optimum result showed a consistent coefficient of friction and lowered specific wear rate for HF6P20 brake pad material. Worn surface morphology was done using scanning electron microscopy.

Use of onion peels as an economical substrate for microbial inulinase production under solid state fermentation

Onion (Allium cepa) is a valuable vegetable and a candidate for sustainable waste management in agri-food industry. The purpose of the current paper was to research the utilization of onion peels to an economical substrate for inulinase production by Yarrowia lipolytica ISF7 strain under solid state fermentation (SSF). SSF is preferred to obtain an effective and low-cost inulinase production. The medium designation was optimized using Taguchi design of experiment. For this purpose, Taguchi L9 orthogonal array layout was applied using the moisture content, initial pH and incubation time as the selected factors at three levels. The results showed that the minimum inulinase activity 22.7 U g-1 of dry substrate (ds) was determined using the 6th experimental setup while the highest inulinase activity 292.2 U gds-1 was measured from 5th experimental setup. The predicted value was determined as 311.6 U gds-1 which was closer to the obtained result (305.1 U gds-1). Consequently, an effective inulinase production can be achieved by Y. lipolytica ISF7 using onion peels as an economic substrate under SSF.

Effects of different nitrogen sources on invertase production by Aspergillus niger

Investigation various nitrogen sources effects on the production of invertase by Aspergillus niger was researched in this study. Invertase is a precious enzyme used in many industries like food, pharmacy, confectionery, invert syrup production. Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) was preferred to optimize the cultivation conditions. L16 (43) orthogonal array was selected in the current study including nitrogen source, initial pH of the medium and incubation time at four levels for statistical optimization. The data showed that optimized version of invertase production was achieved using proteose peptone, 5.5 initial pH and 3 days for incubation time. Bacto peptone had higher enzyme activity than casein and yeast extract. pH of the medium was found as the most efficient factor among nitrogen source and incubation time. Besides, percentage contribution of the nitrogen source and incubation time were indicated at similar rates (9 and 10%, respectively). The highest enzyme activity was defined as 45.87 U/ml, which was found to be closer to the predicted result (46.33 U/ml). As a conclusion, proteose peptone increased the invertase activity and use of Taguchi DOE supported quick and effective optimization.

Experimental Analysis on Machining Properties of Aluminum Hybrid Composite Materials

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Hybrid Composite materials meet a major demand in current industrial market through mixture of various percentages of metal compositions at different levels. One such material, which is most widely employed, is aluminum. Aluminum hybrid metal matrix composites is substituted with conventional alloys in order to meet the rigid, high-end requirements at major industries. In this work, it is reinforced with Aluminum-Tungsten Carbide-Graphite composite and fabricated using the stir casting process. Die sinking electric discharge machining (EDM) process is preferred over conventional process for the purpose of machining complex shaped materials with accuracy. The optimization of minimizing surface roughness and maximize material removal rate is essential to increase the effective and efficient usage of hybrid composites. In this experimental work, the sensitivity of various parameters of EDM on the output responses is found using Taguchi experimental design, Multi response optimization and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to generate the mathematical model. From the experiment, it is found that %WC = 6 %, %Gr = 3 %, I= 5A, V=50V, T<sub>OFF</sub>=50μs, is the most optimal value among others due to its meta stable bonding in improving the machining parameters to achieve optimization of minimizing surface roughness and maximizing material removal rate</div></div>

Statistical Analysis of Surface Roughness, Burr Formation and Tool Wear in High Speed Micro Milling of Inconel 600 Alloy under Cryogenic, Wet and Dry Conditions.

Super alloys offer excellent mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperatures that make them an attractive choice for aerospace, automotive and chemical processing, and marine applications. These alloys are, however, difficult to machine due to their high strength at elevated temperatures, low thermal conductivity and work hardening. In this study, micro milling of Inconel 600 super alloy has been carried out and the effects of the key input parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut) on response parameters (burr formation, surface roughness and tool wear), under various cooling conditions (dry, wet and cryogenic), have been analyzed. High speed micro milling (range up to 80,000 RPM) was carried out, while keeping the feed rate values below and above the cutting edge radius. The Taguchi design of experiments was used during this study. The results have been analyzed using SEM and 3D optical microscopy. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the best surface roughness values can be achieved under cryogenic machining condition with an overall contribution ratio of 28.69%. It was also revealed that cryogenic cooling resulted in the highest tool life with the contribution ratio of cooling conditions at 26.52%.

Enhancement Material Removal Rate Optimization of Sinker EDM Process Parameters Using a Rectangular Graphite Electrode

This article discusses the optimization of sinker electrical discharge machining (sinker EDM) processes using SPHC material that has been hardened. The sinker EDM method is widely employed, for example, in the production of moulds, dies, and automotive and aeronautical components. There is neither contact nor a cutting force between the electrode and the work material in sinker EDM. The disadvantage of the sinker EDM is its low material removal rate. This work aims to optimize the material removal rate (MRR) using graphene electrodes in a rectangular configuration. The SPHC material was selected to determine the optimum MRR model of the sinker EDM input parameter. The Taguchi experimental design was chosen. The Taguchi technique used three input parameters and three experimental levels. Pulse current (I), spark on time (Ton), and gap voltage were among the input parameters (Vg). The graphite rectangle was chosen as an electrode material. The input parameter effect was evaluated by S/N ratio analysis. The result showed that pulse current has the most significant impact on material removal rate in the initial study, followed by spark on time and gap voltage. All input parameters are directly proportional to the MRR. For optimal material removal rate, the third level of pulse current, spark on time, and gap voltage must be maintained. In addition, the proposed Taguchi optimization model could be applied to an existing workshop floor as a simple and practical electronic tool for predicting wear and future research.

Study on the energy capture efficiency of flapping airfoil power generator using semiactive dual‐layer airfoils

AbstractTo address the problem that the energy capture efficiencies of existing flapping airfoil power generators are lower than those of traditional turbine generators, a dual‐layer flapping airfoil structure was adopted to improve the energy capture performance of the semiactive flapping airfoil, inspired by the multiwing flying mode of dragonflies in nature. The influence of the dual‐layer flapping airfoil structure on the energy capture performance of a semiactive flapping airfoil was systematically analyzed by a Taguchi experimental design and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The results showed that the dual‐layer flapping airfoil structure mainly improved the energy capture efficiency of the flapping airfoil by increasing the lift force and reducing the maximum sweep distance. Under the optimized parameter combination, the energy capture efficiency of the dual‐layer flapping airfoil reached 28.80%, which was 17.74% higher than that of the single‐layer flapping airfoil. Furthermore, the influence of the dual‐layer flapping airfoil structure on the energy capture performance of a semiactive flapping airfoil was related to the mass ratio of the system, and a larger mass ratio (M* ≥ 40) caused the performance of the dual‐layer flapping airfoil to deteriorate. Analysis of the vortices around the flapping airfoil revealed that there were more attached vortices on the surface of the dual‐layer flapping airfoil, but the increase in the mass ratio led to an advance of the separation of the leading edge vortex, which was the reason that the dual‐layer flapping airfoil with a smaller mass ratio had a better energy capture performance.

Microstructure evolution and wear properties of ECAP-treated Al-Zn-Mg alloy: Effect of route, temperature and number of passes

In this study, the effect of severe plastic deformation on Al-Zn-Mg alloy was investigated by ECAP method. The ECAP process parameters were determined using Taguchi experimental design for different routes (A, B C and C), different temperatures (100, 150 and 200 °C) and different number of passes (2, 4 and 8). EBSD and TEM analysis were used for microstructural characterization of the samples and the dry sliding wear test was used to measure the mechanical strength. In the study of microstructural properties, it was determined that there was a direct relationship between the number of passes and temperature. With the increase in the number of passes and the decrease in the temperature, a severe decrease in grain size in the samples was observed. It was observed that the sample subjected to ECAP treatment with 8 passes at 100 °C in the B C route was microstructurally coaxial and had the smallest grain size, and the same sample showed the best wear properties.

Simulation and Optimization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Wet- and Dry-Torrefaction Process for Energy, Fuels and Materials Production: A Review

This review deals with the simulation and optimization of the dry- and wet-torrefaction processes of lignocellulosic biomass. The torrefaction pretreatment regards the production of enhanced biofuels and other materials. Dry torrefaction is a mild pyrolytic treatment method under an oxidative or non-oxidative atmosphere and can improve lignocellulosic biomass solid residue heating properties by reducing its oxygen content. Wet torrefaction usually uses pure water in an autoclave and is also known as hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal torrefaction, hot water extraction, autohydrolysis, hydrothermolysis, hot compressed water treatment, water hydrolysis, aqueous fractionation, aqueous liquefaction or solvolysis/aquasolv, or pressure cooking. In the case of treatment with acid aquatic solutions, wet torrefaction is called acid-catalyzed wet torrefaction. Wet torrefaction produces fermentable monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as well as solid residue with enhanced higher heating value. The simulation and optimization of dry- and wet-torrefaction processes are usually achieved using kinetic/thermodynamic/thermochemical models, severity factors, response surface methodology models, artificial neural networks, multilayer perceptron neural networks, multivariate adaptive regression splines, mixed integer linear programming, Taguchi experimental design, particle swarm optimization, a model-free isoconversional approach, dynamic simulation modeling, and commercial simulation software. Simulation of the torrefaction process facilitates the optimization of the pretreatment conditions.

Electrospinning of PVP Nanofibers and Optimization with Taguchi Experimental Design

The aim of this study is the determination of optimum process parameters which will provide the finest and the most uniform electrospun Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) based nanofibers with Taguchi experimental design. For the designed experimental setup, parameters (solvent type, polymer concentration, voltage, distance between the electrodes, solution feed rate and humidity) were used which effect the electospinning process significantly. For this purpose, the appropriate orthogonal array was selected to determine the factors and levels at Taguchi experimental design application. The experimental design aimed which provides to be reduced the number of experiments and minimised the effect of uncontrollable factors with less experiments to obtain target value by using Taguchi orthogonal arrays. In the experimental studies of paper, firstly PVP polymer solutions such as conductivity, surface tension and viscosity were determined with various PVP concentrations (10, 12, 14 wt %) and solvents (ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, chloroform, acetic acid and distilled water). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of electrospun PVP based nanofibrous surfaces were obtained, average fiber diameter and fiber diameter coefficient values were calculated by ImageJ image analyses software and fiber diameter distribution histogram curves were obtained by SPSS program. Experimental results were analyzed and commented by Taguchi method in MINITAB program with variance analysis. According to the results; solvent type has the highest effect on the electrospinning of PVP nanofibers. In this study, it is predicted to save in terms of time and cost with decreasing the number of experiments by Taguchi experiment design.