Game Of Tag Research Articles

Dynamic exercise versus tag game warm up: The acute effect on agility and vertical jump in children

Coledam DHC, Paludo AC, Oliveira AR, Dos-Santos JW. Dynamic exercise versus tag game warm up: the acute effect on agility and vertical jump in children. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 243-253, 2012. Although dynamic and stretching exercises have been widely investigated, there is little information about warm up performed by tag games. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to verify the acute effect of dynamic exercises compared to a tag game warm up on agility and vertical jump in children. 25 boys and 24 girls participated in this study and performed the agility and vertical jump tests after warm up based on dynamic exercises or as a tag game lasting 10 min each in two different days randomly. Dynamic exercises warm up consisted in a run lasting 2.5 min followed by 2 series of 8 dynamic exercises lasting 10 seconds each interspersed with 20s of light run to recovery. Tag game warm up was performed by a tag game with two variations lasting 5 min each. The first variation there was a single cather, which aimed to get the other participants by touching hands. In the second part of the game, the rules were the same except that the participant that was caught had to help the catcher forming a team of catchers. Warm up intensity was monitored by OMNI perceived exertion scale. ANOVA 2x2 for repeated measures (Warm up x Sex) demonstrated no significant differences between dynamic exercises and tag game for agility and vertical jump (P>0.05) for boys and girls. Perceived exertion was significantly higher in tag game compared to dynamic exercises on girls (P<0.05). Both warm up models showed similar acute effects on agility and vertical jump in children. Key words: MOTOR PERFORMANCE, PHYSICAL FITNESS, PRE ACTIVITY.

A game of tag

A game of tag

A game of pool, a game of tag: AMPA trafficking in the post-synaptic density

One mechanism of information storage in neurons is the plasticity in the strength of synaptic contacts. The strength of an excitatory synapse is partially due to the concentration of a particular type of ionotropic glutamate receptor (AMPAR) in the post-synaptic density (PSD). AMPAR concentration in the PSD has to be plastic, to allow the storage of new memories; but it also has to be stable to preserve important information. Although much is known about the molecular identity of synapses, the biophysical mechanisms by which AMPAR can enter, leave and remain in the synapse are unclear. We implemented Monte Carlo simulations to determine the influence of PSD structure and activity in maintaining homeostatic concentrations of AMPARs in the synapse. The model consisted of tracking the movement of individual AMPAR in and around a PSD. The membrane was simulated as a square mesh in which each position could be present a diffusing AMPAR, and anchored PSD molecule, or be empty. PSD molecules could be active, in which case, they could bind with a certain binding energy to AMPAR. If PSD molecules were inactive they acted as obstacles [1,2]. We found that, the high concentration and excluded volume caused by PSD molecules result in molecular crowding. Diffusion of AMPAR in the PSD under such conditions is anomalous. Anomalous diffusion due to molecular crowding is a physical process fundamentally different from the steady-state excluded volume analyses such as tortuosity [3]. Anomalous diffusion of AMPAR results in retention of these receptors inside the PSD for periods ranging from seconds to several hours in the absence of any binding of receptors to PSD molecules. Our simulations were capable of reproducing several recent experimental results [4,5]. Trapping of receptors in the PSD by crowding effects was very sensitive to the concentration of PSD molecules, showing a switch-like behavior for retention of receptors. Non-covalent binding of AMPAR to anchored PSD molecules allowed the synapse to become well-mixed, resulting in normal diffusion of AMPAR. Binding also allowed the exchange of receptors in and out of the PSD. We propose that molecular crowding is an important mechanism to maintain homeostatic synaptic concentrations of AMPARs in the PSD without the need of energetically expensive biochemical reactions. Binding of AMPAR with PSD molecules could collaborate with crowding to maintain synaptic homeostasis but could also allows synaptic plasticity by increasing the exchange of these receptors with the surrounding extra-synaptic membrane.

A game of tag or a deep and meaningful relationship?

A game of tag or a deep and meaningful relationship?

Personalization via friendsourcing

When information is known only to friends in a social network, traditional crowdsourcing mechanisms struggle to motivate a large enough user population and to ensure accuracy of the collected information. We thus introduce friendsourcing, a form of crowdsourcing aimed at collecting accurate information available only to a small, socially-connected group of individuals. Our approach to friendsourcing is to design socially enjoyable interactions that produce the desired information as a side effect. We focus our analysis around Collabio, a novel social tagging game that we developed to encourage friends to tag one another within an online social network. Collabio encourages friends, family, and colleagues to generate useful information about each other. We describe the design space of incentives in social tagging games and evaluate our choices by a combination of usage log analysis and survey data. Data acquired via Collabio is typically accurate and augments tags that could have been found on Facebook or the Web. To complete the arc from data collection to application, we produce a trio of prototype applications to demonstrate how Collabio tags could be utilized: an aggregate tag cloud visualization, a personalized RSS feed, and a question and answer system. The social data powering these applications enables them to address needs previously difficult to support, such as question answering for topics comprehensible only to a few of a user's friends.

Environmental effects on the coevolution of pursuit and evasion strategies

The game of tag is frequently used in the study of pursuit and evasion strategies that are discovered through competitive coevolution. The aim of coevolution is to create an arms race where opposing populations cyclically evolve in incremental improvements, driving the system towards better strategies. A coevolutionary simulation of the game of tag involving two populations of agents; pursuers and evaders, is developed to investigate the effects of a boundary and two obstacles. The evolution of strategies through Chemical Genetic Programming optimizes the mapping of genotypic strings to phenotypic trees. Four experiments were conducted, distinguished by speed differentials and environmental conditions. Designing experiments to evaluate the efficacy of emergent strategies often reveal necessary steps needed for coevolutionary progress. The experiments that excluded obstacles and boundaries provided design pointers to ensure coevolutionary progress as well as a deeper understanding of strategies that emerged when obstacles and boundaries were added. In the latter, we found that an awareness of the environment and the pursuer was not critical in an evader's strategy to survive, instead heading to the edge of the boundary or behind an obstacle in a bid to `throw-off or hide from the pursuer' or simply turn in circles was often sufficient, thereby revealing possible suboptimal strategies that were environment specific. We also observed that a condition for coevolutionary progress was that the problem complexity must be surmountable by at least one population; that is, some pursuer must be able to tag an opponent. Due to the use of amino-acid building blocks in our Chemical Genetic Program, our simulations were able to achieve significant complexity in a short period of time.

A Competitive Game of Synaptic Tag

LTP maintenance is thought to require an activity-dependent "synaptic tag" that allows potentiated synapses to sequester factors necessary for maintenance. In a paper in this issue of Neuron, Fonseca et al. show that synapses can compete with each other for such maintenance factors, so that additional potentiation of one input results in loss of potentiation of another. These data suggest that LTP maintenance is a dynamic and competitive process.

The Shape of Fairness

Shape and form are often used as mathematical models of situations. For example, teachers explain that light travels in a line or that the shadow cast by a person is related by similar triangles to that cast by a flagpole. Yet despite the common use of mathematical models in the sciences and in design professions, children rarely have the opportunity to participate in this form of mathematical thinking. In this article, we describe how first and second graders modeled a “fair” playing space in a game of tag called “Mother, may I?” The children modeled the playing space by using a succession of different forms, such as lines and squares, to represent a fair game, discovering along the way the properties of each of the forms that made them less-than-ideal models of fairness. Participation in the game gave the children many opportunities to think about important concepts in measuring length and the idea of using form to model a situation.

The Southern Autobiographical Impulse

The questions are simple. Is there a southern autobiographical impulse, and if so, what are its sources? How does it express itself, and how does it differ from other American autobiographical impulses? Have the impulse and its expression changed over time, and if so, why? Is there a territory ahead, and what does it look like? Of the existence of an impulse there can be little doubt. It helps explain the meandering, anecdotal style of southern conversation. It is central to the southern habit of storytelling. Even when the stories are not explicitly autobiographical, they come down to the self of the teller--his identification with or repudiation of the neighbor, relative, or outsider who is the focus of the story. Down to the self, too, in terms of the teller's ability to grip listeners and work his way on them. Style is the man--vividly individual but simultaneously connected to the audience. He speaks my language, listeners inwardly affirm. Story calls to story in a game of conversational tag. Each becomes teller and listener in turn. Not only content and style, but the process itself both assumes and promotes a sense of community, wide or narrow: our family; fellow Methodists and others of the better sort; our race; this beloved state; the South; this country, beloved, too, right or wrong. Especially, for southerners, when wrong. All kinds of people can be loyal to the right. It is loyalty to the wrong that's the true test of character. This storytelling is the prototype of southern autobiographical writing. In this storytelling, the fates of individual and community become one and inseparable, for better and worse. Almost no autobiography (except nature writing) treats the individual totally in isolation from others, but the degree of embeddedness differs radically. Consider an axis with the individual at one pole and community at the other. American autobiography has exalted the individual as the end, measure, and symbol of the country, constitutive of community rather than the other way around. The myth of America has transported the individual out of community, out of history itself, and into a present, endlessly rocking. American loneliness begins in American ideology. The southern myth is one of community, soily, with a torn and tragic past. For southern autobiographers, the axis has been short: no community without the individual it exists to nurture and protect; no individual without the community, which shapes, confers purpose and meaning, and carries the memory of its members. So why was there relatively little formal autobiography from the white South? All talked out? The South from its colonial origins had participated in autobiographical writing in the form of letters and diaries. The National Book Award-winning The Children of Pride, a collection of letters written in the 1850s and 1860s by the family of a wealthy Georgia slaveholder and minister, illustrates how revealing a portrait of self and the South personal correspondence could paint. For diaries, one thinks first of that of William Byrd of Westover, although Byrd, who died in 1744, wrote before there was a United States, let alone a South. Unquestionably southern and fine is the Civil War journal of Mary Boykin Chesnut, revised and added to by Mrs. Chesnut and the whole so artfully crafted that it reads like an epistolary novel addressed to the self. Yet letters and diaries do not constitute autobiography, nor, judging from what has survived, did the South produce so much of this material as did other regions. Only once prior to the 1950s did the white South contribute much autobiography. After the Civil War, Confederate generals and others rivaled their northern counterparts in the furious fire that was military memoir. A number of the memoirs make good reading. H. K. Douglass's I Rode with Stonewall, for example, is full of vivid characterization and colorful stories--the sheer dash and tumble of military action. …

Increasing the Social Behavior of Young Children with Autism Using Their Obsessive Behaviors

This study systematically asked whether individual topics or themes on which children with autism perseverated across a variety of settings (often called obsessions) could be used to create the theme for a socially appropriate game. Data collected within the context of a multiple baseline design revealed very low levels of social interaction during play periods in the baseline condition. In contrast, when the children with autism were taught a socially appropriate game (e.g., one child who perseverated on maps was taught a tag game played on a giant outline of a US map), the percent of social interactions increased dramatically and continued to be high during follow-up measures. Generalization measures indicated that following intervention, the children also demonstrated increases in social interaction during other play activities. The results are discussed in terms of incorporating obsession themes into common games to create intrinsically reinforcing appropriate activities for increasing social interactions, and in relation to developing activities that capitalize on the child with autism's interests, so that the child is a valued member of the peer group.

The ras recruitment system, a novel approach to the study of protein-protein interactions.

The yeast two-hybrid system represents one of the most efficient approaches currently available for identifying and characterizing protein-protein interactions [1-4]. Although very powerful, this procedure exhibits several problems and inherent limitations [5]. A new system, the Sos recruitment system (SRS), was developed recently [6] based on a different readout from that of the two-hybrid system [6-8]. SRS overcomes several of the limitations of the two-hybrid system and thus serves as an attractive alternative for studying protein-protein interactions between known and novel proteins. Nevertheless, we encountered a number of problems using SRS and so have developed an improved protein recruitment system, designated the Ras recruitment system (RRS), based on the absolute requirement that Ras be localized to the plasma membrane for its function [9-10]. Ras membrane localization and activation can be achieved through interaction between two hybrid proteins. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the novel RRS system using five different known protein-protein interactions and have identified two previously unknown protein-protein interactions through a library screening protocol. The first interaction (detailed here) is between JDP2, a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family, and C/EBPgamma, a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family. The second interaction is between the p21-activated protein kinase Pak65 and a small G protein (described in the accompanying paper by Aronheim et al. [11]). The RRS system significantly extends the usefulness of the previously described SRS system and overcomes several of its limitations.

Review Essay: An Emily Dickinson Encyclopedia

Reviewed by: An Emily Dickinson Encyclopedia Barton Levi St.Armand (bio) An Emily Dickinson Encyclopedia. Edited by Jane Donahue Eberwein. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1998. 395 pp. Ever since Samuel Johnson included some snappy, pointed, and what today we might call patently ideological entries in his famous 1755 Dictionary, we expect our best reference works to be not only authoritative and informative, but engaging and enticing, with a narrative personality of their own. Jane Donahue Eberwein’s Emily Dickinson Encyclopedia is just such a production, because even though it remains a communal effort, drawing on an international range of outstanding Dickinson scholars, it still creates a unified impression. In reading it we have the sense of conversing with a learned and witty Dickinsonian polymath who ushers us gracefully yet firmly through the labyrinths of all levels and classes of Dickinson studies, a compound visionary scholar who instructs us with a boldness that sometimes has an unbuttoned freedom of expression that itself is rather Johnsonian. Let me call this fanciful and androgynous figure by the familiar name of “Cyclo”— no harmless drudge, to be sure, but a sensitive sifter of opinion as well as of fact: myriad-minded enough to serve sometimes as editor, sometimes as critic, sometimes as historian, and sometimes as muse. Speaking through the heteronym of “Jonathan Morse” in a magisterial entry on “Biographical Scholarship,” Cyclo the Fair-minded acknowledges, for example, that “Since the late l970’s, feminist rereadings of the biography have helped us to conceive of a Dickinson less fey than we once imagined, more at home in a world of women whose voices we had barely heard before” (22). At the same time Cyclo the Well-read warns us that “Susan Howe’s narcissistic equation of textual analysis with autobiography . . . carries the readerly act of identification with the text to its excitingly fanatical extreme.” And finally Cyclo the Wise sanitively concludes that “What remains from a century of biographical scholarship is perhaps only the somehow satisfying news that the life of Emily Dickinson remains definitively unknown.” This kind of sprightly summation would have appealed to Dickinson herself, who in her game of tag with Fame and of hide- and go-seek with Biography dropped more than a few arch and acerbic comments about near [End Page 112] neighbors and close contemporaries — particularly professors with the soft emptiness of “cloth pinks.” There are no such artificial blooms here, however, though there are Cyclonic entries on flowers, insects, and birds, as well as very substantial readings of major poems. Key concepts like “Ambiguity” are highlighted, and Cyclo the Cybernetic allows us to build our own chat rooms within the site of the Encyclopedia’s ever expanding web as we are deftly referred to thematically affiliated entries. Like Dickinson herself in her famous “Safe in their Alabaster Chambers” (P216), we can stay on the ground of “The Grave” (128) firmly located in a “Connecticut Valley” (54–55), the ethos of which owed a great deal to both “Jonathan Edwards” (95–6) and “Edward Hitchcock “(143–4). Or we can move to a second stanza that takes us directly into “Nature” (205–6), “Romanticism” (251), “Gothicism” (127–8), and “Sentimentalism” (262–263). Or, responding to the heartfelt urgings of interested friends and scholarly relatives, we might fabricate a third possibility that spirals into the more cosmic reaches of “Circle Imagery” (45), “Science” (259), “Time”(287) and “Immortality” (159–160). In this way Cyclo stimulates us to progress to the meta and the mega without ever losing sight of the minute particular, for the Dickinson Encyclopedia provides us with zoom lenses and traveling shots that continually sweep us up and along while still retaining precision of detail and clarity of focus. We may begin by looking for short subjects, but we end up staying for double and triple features done in expansive letter box format. In each entry we are expertly guided to relevant books and essays listed in a very up-to-date bibliography, and if we don’t find what we should be looking for under one heading, we inevitably find it in another. Therefore while I did not see Hyatt Waggoner’s scholarship mentioned in the...

Estimating physical properties for control equipment design

AbstractThere is a great deal of information about physical properties available to engineers. The trick is in knowing where to find what is needed when it is needed. Many of the widely available sources lack information that is needed for process design. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) include relatively little physical properties data and no transport properties. Standard references like Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry may not have data for a particular property or compound.The handbooks have information about hydrocarbons, and some of the common industrial alcohols, ketones, and esters. Data on some common industrial solvents, such as the glycol ethers and their acetates, is rather sketchy in the classic manuals. What can an engineer do if there is a need for data not available in the common references?For example, USEPA published several guidance manuals that present cost estimating techniques for air pollution control equipment. Engineers working in industry and for regulatory agencies apply the guidance in these manuals in trying to determine whether any of several control options represent the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) for an emissions source. BACT is the maximum level of control, considering economic factors as well as pollutant removal.Even the simplified design procedures in USEPA's Control Technology for Hazardous Air Pollutants require information that is just not found on an MSDS. Incinerator operating cost estimates depend on the heat available from the pollutants, the heat of combustion. The sizing and cost estimating procedure for refrigerated condensers calls for vapor pressure data, the heat of vaporization, and the heat capacity (specific heat). A cost estimate for an absorption system to scrub air pollutants demands vapor‐liquid equilibrium information, diffusivities, and the pollutant molar volume.Instead of starting a game of phone tag with the vendor's customer service department or spending several hundred dollars for a reference book you may not need again for five years, why not try estimating techniques for physical properties? These techniques have been around for a long time and offer reasonable accuracy within their limits. Estimated values are certainly accurate enough for budgetary‐quote‐level design procedures.More accurate estimating techniques are available [3]. The drawback to more sophisticated methods is increased complexity. Often, the more precise estimate calls for a multi‐step calculation, with several adjustable parameters. The methods described here are fairly simple, either empirical formulas or group contribution schemes.

Tag games in yeast: the two-hybrid system and beyond

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the one- and two-hybrid systems are essential genetic tools of studying the macromolecular interactions that define all living organisms. Newly developed variations on this theme can now address an even bigger set of questions. Reverse one- and two-hybrid systems can identify factors that dissociate or abrogate defined macromolecular interactions. Different forms of three-hybrid systems can evaluate the complex interplay of proteins with RNAs, peptide ligands, small organic ligands or protein kinases. Finally, the ubiquitin-based split-protein sensor and the Sos recruitment systems promise to overcome some limitations of conventional two-hybrid systems.

Propulsion: A behavioural expression of masculinity

Based upon studies of children's sex‐typed behaviours, it is theorized that a forceful, forward motor behaviour, or propulsion, is an integral component of several masculine sex‐typed behaviours. To test the relation between propulsion and masculinity, a game of tag was designed to elicit propulsion from 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children. In addition, in Study 1, teachers rated children's degree of masculinity and, in Study 2, the masculinity of children's toy preferences was assessed. Results showed a significant relation between propulsion and measures of masculinity. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of considering motor behaviour in studies of sex typing.

Two Decades of Using Simulation Games for Cross-Cultural Training

Simulation games have come to play a major role in cross-cultural training during the past two decades. This article defines cross-cultural training and briefly traces its history. The power of using simulation games for cross-cultural training is described. The history of the author is intertwined with the use of simulation games for cross-cultural training. Personal history with specific games such as BAFA BAFA, BARNGA, and THE TAG GAME is traced, and trainers who have influenced the author s development as a simulation gamer are cited.

A reflection on the game of tag

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Report: Speech Processing for AT&amp;T Workstations

Speech processing can exploit the growing overlap of information processing and information transportation typical in many of today's advanced workstations that combine computing and telephony. With speech input and output capabilities added, the ubiquitous telephone becomes a remote terminal for the personal workstation, allowing access to its features from anywhere in the world. For example, features such as voice mail, remote access to text mail using text-to-speech synthesis, and access control using speech recognition can reduce time lost to the unproductive game of telephone tag.