Taenia Sp Research Articles

Evolución de la prevalencia de enteroparasitosis en la ciudad de Talca, Región del Maule, Chile

The prevalence of intestinal parasites in preschool and school children in the city of Talca and rural areas belonging to the Maule Region, was assessed annually by means of the serial parasitological studies in stool which were performed in the Parasitology Laboratory of the "Universidad de Talca". For consecutive periods since 1980 until 2008, an estimated prevalence of parasitism of 76.2% in the population studied was found. These results show a marked decrease from 9.8% to 2.5% in pathogenic enteroparasites like: Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichocephalos trichiuris, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana and Taenia sp. Commensal parasites as Entamoeba coli, lodamoeba butschlii, Endolimax nana and Chilomastix mesnili experimented a diminished recovery too. However commensal parasites globally showed an increase in time, given the significant increase of Blastocystis hominis (from 7.6 to 72.9%). A change was also observed in the carriage ofpolyparasitosis (from 64.5% to 9.6%) and monoparasitosis (from 10.0 to 35.5%).

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi from Some Sudanese Banknote Currency

Sudanese Banknotes in different values were critically evaluated to show the level of contamination with pathogenic microbes using standard techniques.The fungal genera Trichophyton sp, Microsporum sp, Epidermophyton sp, Taenia sp, Aspergillus sp and Saccharomyces sp were isolated and identified.The genera of bacteria that isolated were Escherichia coli, Citrobacter sp, Klebsiella. sp, Proteus sp, Bacillus sp, Corynebacterium sp and staphylococcus sp. The potential of Sudanese currency notes to act as environmental vehicles for transmission of pathogenic fungi & bacteria was assessed. The lower values of banknotes were highly contaminated and there is a negative correlation between banknotes value and microbial contamination. The results suggest that currency notes may be contaminated, especially with bacteria and enteric microbes and may serve as a source of contamination or infection . Personal hygiene and electronic or ceredit banking to reduce the risk of infection is recommended.

Parasite egg contamination of water and air in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam

Contamination of water and air by soil-transmitted helminth eggs was investigated in a small village lo- cated in the suburbs of Hanoi, Vietnam. Water samples were collected from 29 households, two schools, two kin- dergartens, one restaurant, three ponds and 23 ditch sites during the rainy season. Water samples were also col- lected at the same places, except for one household and one restaurant, during the dry season. The water samples collected from households, schools, kindergartens and restaurant were comprised of well-water and rain-water. These samples included both water filtrated with sand and gravel and non-filtrated water. Two-liter water samples were examined for helminth eggs by either a centrifugation or flotation method. The contamination of air by helminth eggs was assessed by the method of Kroeger et al. (1992). Eggs in air were trapped on adhesive tapes hanging in rooms and in the area around 29 houses, two schools, two kindergartens, one restaurant and 18 utility poles. Out of 63 water samples collected from households in the rainy season, helminth eggs were found in four water samples; one from non-filtrated well-water and three from filtrated well-water samples. The one non-filtrated water sample contained six eggs of Toxocara sp., while the three filtrated water samples contained one egg each of Trichuris sp., Trichiuris sp. and Taenia sp. No eggs were found in the water samples collected from schools, kin- dergartens or the restaurant in the rainy season. All water samples collected from ponds and ditches in the rainy season contained many helminth eggs. The eggs found were Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Ascaridia galli, hookworm, Taenia sp. and Fasciola sp. Examination of the adhesive tapes hanging in the air showed that four sites were contaminated by helminth eggs, i. e. one site near the house, two sites near the school and one site at a utility pole. The species of eggs found were Trichuris sp., Ascaridia galli and Taenia sp. The number of eggs found on tapes was only one or two. In the dry season, a few samples of well-water and rain-water collected from the residential area were contaminated with helminth eggs, and all samples collected from ponds and ditches con- tained many eggs of various species similar to those collected in the rainy season. The present study clearly indi- cates that, in our study area, the villagers were subject to infection from soil-transmitted helminthes directly and in- directly through water.

A comparative study of intestinal parasitic infections among women at different reproductive stages in Makurdi, Benue State-Nigeria

A comparative study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among women of the pre-menstrual, menstrual and post-mentrual stages in Makurdi, capital of Benue State-Nigeria. A total of 750 stools samples (250 premenstruals, 298 menstruals and 202 post-menstruals) were collected and examined for parasites using the formol-ether concentration technique. The overall prevalence was 56.8% with hookworm accounting for 4.8%, Ascaris lumbricoides (9.3%), Entamoeba histolytica (18.90%), Taenia sp(2.1%) and Entamoeba coli(21.6%). Females of the pre-menstrual stage had the highest prevalence rate of 72.80%. No significant association was observed between the different reproductive stages in women and prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.

Pathological Conditions Of Condemned Bovine Lungs From Abattoirs In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

A study of diseases of the bovine lungs was carried out in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria between (1999 – 2002). A total of 5,369 cattle were slaughtered within the study period out of which, 459 (8.5 %) lungs were condemned. Tuberculosis accounted for 183(39.921), representing 3.4 % of the total cattle population. This was closely followed by Pneumonia, which was 180(39.2 %), representing 3.4 % of this population. Abscesses, 93(20.1 %) and Taenia sp Cysts 3(0.7%), representing 1.7% and 0.1 % respectively of the total cattle population slaughtered also resulted in lung condemnations. The overall annual prevalence of the diseases amongst condemned bovine lungs shows that most of them were encountered in the last three years of study, 10.1 %, 9.7 % and 8.7% for the years 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. There was a clear positive seasonal influence on the prevalence of these diseases. The prevalence rate of tuberculosis and abscesses decreased along the seasonal periods from LDS to EDS. The rainy seasonal periods (ERS and LRS) increased the prevalence of pneumonia more than the dry periods while Taenia cysts were only recorded during the early dry season (EDS). It was, therefore, concluded that tuberculosis and pneumonias, both accounting for over 79 %, were the major reasons for bovine lung condemnations at the abattoirs in Akwa Ibom State.

LEVANTAMENTO DE OVOS DE HELMINTOS EM LODO DE ESGOTO ORIUNDO DE CAMPO GRANDE (MS) APÓS TRATAMENTO ANAERÓBICO

The present study was conducted to evaluate the helminth eggs presence in sewage sludge, previously treated in anerobic digestion process like anaerobic liquid fluid reactor. First of all were evaluated different kinds of materials to choose the best filter which permitted to filter the Taenia saginata eggs. The filter that showed better adaptation was the fine toilet paper one sheet. The helminth eggs were classified for their genera, according to their morphology. The Taenia sp, Trichuris , Dipylidium and Strongyloides were find only in one collect. The number of nematode eggs prevailed on the cestodes. The quantity of helminths eggs found was variable, indicatting complementary treatments process to the sewage sludge. It was concluded that the filter tested was efficient to Taenia sp eggs and to other helminth eggs present in sewage sludge. KEY WORDS: Biossolid, filter, Taenia sp.

Investigation on subclinical aspects related to intestinal parasitic infections among Thai laborers in Taipei.

The migration of foreign workers from developing regions to developed countries may potentially lead to transmission of intestinal parasitic infections. In order to determine the relationship between intestinal parasitic infections and the health status of foreign workers, 302 Thai laborers brought to Taiwan were examined in this study. Nine species of parasites were found in 64.9% of laborers; Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, Giardia lamblia, Trichuris trichiura, Fasciolopsis buski, Taenia sp, Echinostoma sp, Entamoeba coli. From June 1992 to December 1993, a total of 302 Thai laborers, participating in the mandatory entry health examination at Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou Medical Center were interviewed and examined. These subjects underwent a physical examination, chest roentgenography, and serological tests for human immunodeficiency virus antibody, syphilis (VDRL), and hepatitis B surface antigen. Among the 302 Thai laborers examined, 196 (64.9%) were found to be infected with 1 to 5 species of parasites. All 193 infected Thai laborers were treated in Taiwan. Two or 3 courses of pyrantel pamoate, mebendazole, praziquantel, and metronidazole were administered to 119, 45, 24, and 5 infected patients respectively. After 1 week of treatment, all results of stool examinations were negative. Acquisition of infection has been determined to be related to the consumption of koipla, a dish prepared from uncooked freshwater fish. Not unexpectedly, in the present study, it was found that this species was the most important intestinal parasite among Thai laborers and was significantly associated with the consumption of koipla.

Teniosis y detección de anticuerpos anticisticerco en personas de una comunidad rural del estado de Guerrero

To assess the frequency of Taenia solium carriers and its relationship with human cysticercosis in a Mexican locality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1998, in a locality of Guerrero State, Mexico. Four hundred and three fecal samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Taenia sp coproantigen. Ninety two serum samples were also analyzed for antibodies against cisticerci using the immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (IET). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and odds ratios. Five of the 403 fecal samples were positive (1.2%). The adult cestode was recovered in only two people. Three (3.26%) out of the 92 serum samples that were analyzed for anticysticercus antibodies were positive. Seventeen serum samples corresponded to people living with a person positive to the coproantigen test (first group), the remaining 75 were obtained from people without a history of releasing taenia proglottids (second group). In the first group, 2 positive sera were detected (11.8%), while in the second only I was positive (1.3%) (odds ratio = 9.87, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 295.56, p = 0.08). The difficulty to obtain the adult parasite in persons positive to coproantigens, may be due to difficult expulsion, a shorter permanence of the parasite in the host, insufficient dosage of treatment, or to lack of specificity of the diagnostic test. Further studies are needed to evaluate these possibilities; a better knowledge of parasite transmission dynamics will allow the implementation of prevention and control measures and a better assessment of diagnostic tests under field conditions. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Prevalência de helmintos intestinais em três mesorregiões do Estado de Minas Gerais

A parasitological assay of feces, through the Kato-Katz method, was undertaken in 18,973 schoolchildren (7 to 14 years old), at primary school level, from a public school of the State of Minas Gerais. Three mesoregions were studied: Tri ngulo Mineiro/ Alto Para ba ( 60 municipalities); northwest Minas Gerais (13) and south/south-west regions of Minas Gerais (144). Among the examined children, 15,545 (82%) were negative; 2,863 (15%) were infected with a single species of helminthes and 565 (3%) were infected by more than one species. The prevalence rates were: A. lumbricoides 10.3%; T. trichiura 4.7%; hookworm 2.9%; E. vermicularis 1.2%; H. nana 0.4% and Taenia sp 0.2%. The largest helminthes prevalence/mesoregion were for T. trichiura (24.2%) and A. lumbricoides (18.7%) in the south/south-west region; hookworm (12.1%) and Taenia sp (0.7%) in the northwest region of Minas Gerais. Intestinal helminthiasis is still regarded as a serious public health problem, including regions where the socio-economic conditions are more favorable.

Sludge anaerobic treatment and its efficiency in reducing the viability of helminth eggs

This study evaluates the prevalence and viability of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in sludge obtained by anaerobic treatment in four treatment stations in Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil. The parasites observed were helminths: Ascaris sp (85%), Toxocara sp (5.5%), Trichuris sp (4.5%), Hymenolepis diminuta (3.7%), H. nana (1%) and Taenia sp (0.4%), protozoan: Isospora sp, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana. In biological treatment based on the anaerobic digestion the effectiveness depends on the duration and temperature. The treatment showed efficiency for pathogen reduction of between 59.7 to 93%. However, the number of helminth eggs found in treatment stations was still high and new higher performance treatment is necessary for land application or for other objectives, seeking to reduce the risks for human and animal health.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in schoolchildren

Aiming to identify the prevalence and the social risk factors of the intestinal parasitosis in first grade school children of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study based in personal and social data obtained by interview and feces analysis of 146 children to investigate Ancylostomatidae, Ascaris lumbricoides, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Schistosoma mansoni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia sp and Trichuris trichiura. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 12.3% and of Giardia lamblia was 8.2%. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis, in general, was 30.8%. The social risk factors for intestinal parasitosis were low maternal (OR=2.3) and paternal education (OR=3.9), small house (OR=3.0), large household (OR=2.7) and proletarian group (p=0.02). After adjusting for social variables, intestinal parasitosis was predicted by paternal education (p=0.003). The role of health education is important for disease prevention and the school is a natural place to reach the community living next to it.

A study on protozoan cysts, helminth eggs and larvae in pacifiers

Due to the high prevalence of enteroparasitoses among Brazilian children and the possible involvement of objects in carrying these diseases, a study was conducted to investigate the presence of protozoan cysts, larvae and helminth eggs in pacifiers. Over the period of March to December of 1993, 86 pacifiers of zero to seven-year-old children resident in Vila Promessa, a suburb in Alfenas, MG, were examined. The investigation of cysts, larvae and eggs was made by the microscopic exam of the sediment obtained from centrifuging the liquid resulting from washing the pacifiers. The results were evaluated by employing the percentile analysis. Along with the examination of the pacifiers, an interview was carried out with the people responsible for the children whose pacifiers were examined, aiming at detecting how much was known about the transmission of intestinal parasitoses and the proper hygiene of pacifiers. Among the 86 pacifiers examined, 10 were found to be contaminated (11.63%) and presenting eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia sp and Ancylostomatidae larvae. Pacifiers were found to be an important means of transmitting intestinal parasites in the age range studied what makes it a need to set a proper and persistent sanitary policy in fighting intestinal parasitoses.

Failure of experimental infection of baboons (Papio hamadryas) with the eggs of Asian Taenia

The infectivity of the eggs of Asian Taenia sp. for humans is not known. Using baboons (Papio hamadryas) as a model to extrapolate the findings, three animals were exposed per os with 1000, 10,000 and 50,000 infective eggs of the Asian Taenia sp. The serological, biochemical, haematological and parasitological (based on necropsy) results show that baboons are refractory to the infection. It is concluded that the Asian taeniid eggs may fail to develop in man.

Frequency of intestinal helminth eggs in public restrooms in Sorocaba, SP

Four hundred and five water closets were investigated: 11 located at public squares, 2 at the railroad station, 4 at the bus station, 55 at bars and restaurants, 146 at state schools, 116 at municipal schools, 8 at private schools, 36 at public health centers, 16 at sports centers, 8 at orphanages and 3 at shopping malls. Microscopy slides with adhesive tape were used. The material was obtained by sticking the tape onto the following elements: 4 spots on the toilet seat, internal and external door knobs, latch, faucet handle and discharge valve (push button or pulling string). Out of the 405 water closets studied, 22 (5.43%) were contaminated. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostomatidae, Enterobius vermiculares, Taenia sp and Hymenolepis nana were found. In 2 water closets eggs of 2 parasites were found simultaneously.

A survey of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in New Zealand

Abstract Fifty-five dogs, 6 to 18 months old, from 11 areas of New Zealand were examined for gastro-intestinal helminths. Thirty-eight (69.1%) were infected. Twenty-one (38.2%) had Toxocara canis, 20 (36.4%) Trichuris vulpis, 20 (36.4%) Uncinaria stenocephala, 3 (5.5%) Toxuscaris leonina, 3 (5.5%) Dipylidium caninum and 1 (1.8%) Taenia sp. Helminth infections were less frequent and populations were smaller in females than in males.

Internal parasites of coyotes in southern Texas.

Thirteen coyotes (Canis latrans) collected from Nueces County, Texas, harbored the following helminths: Filaroides osleri, Dirofilaria immitis, Physalaptera sp., Alaria americana, Ancylostoma caninum and Taenia sp. Aortic aneurysms were present in nine of ten adult coyotes (90%) while Spirocerca lupi was found on or in the wall of the thoracic esophagus of only three adult coyotes (30%). Oocysts of Isospora rivolta were found in the feces from one of two coyotes examined.

Ação terapêutica do mebendazole (R 17635) em pacientes poliparasitados: resultados finais

O mebendazole (R 17635) foi testado no tratamento de pacientes, de ambos os sexos, portadores de helmintíases mistas; o grupo selecionado situava-se na faixa etária de 4 a 14 anos, constituindo-se de 140 pacientes necessariamente residentes em comunidades restritas. Cerca de 70% dos pacientes estavam infetados por pelo menos 3 helmintos (os demais pela associação de dois), dentre ancilostomídeos, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Taenia sp e Trichuris trichiura. O mebendazóle (R 17635) foi administrado em comprimidos de 100 mg, um 30 minutos antes do desjejum e outro 3 horas após o jantar, por 3 dias consecutivos, independentemente do peso corporal. Não foram observadas quaisquer evidências de reações indesejáveis imediatas ou tardias, que pudessem ser atribuídas à droga. O controle de cura foi efetuado mediante as técnicas de Willis e de Hoffman-Pons & Janer, em exames coprológicos realizados 7, 14 e 21 dias contados a partir do último dia do tratamento; nos portadores de teníase e oxiuríase procedeu-se, também, ao método do "anal-swab" durante 7 dias consecutivos, a partir do sétimo dia após o tratamento. Percentual de 100% de cura foi registrado para oxiuríase, tendo sido de 98% na ascaridíase e na triquiuríase e de 94.5% na ancilostomíase. De 9 pacientes com teníase, 8 apresentaram negativação dos exames; entretanto, os Autores insistem na necessidade de maiores estudos a este respeito, quanto aos aspectos técnico e estatístico. Não obstante, consideram demonstrada a real eficácia do mebendazole (R 17635) como droga anti-helmíntica polivalente.

Incindência de Himenolepíase nana e Taenia sp. no Instituto de Medicina Tropical da U. F. Pernambuco no período de 1968 a 1970

Os Autores realizando um levantamento coproparasitológico no Instituto de Medicina Tropical da U.F.Pe., com relação a incidência de Hymenolepis nana e Taenia sp no período de 1968 a 1970, encontram índice de infestação muito baixo, em tôrno de 0,05% a 2,7% para Taenia sp e 0,36% para Hymenolepis nana.