Taekwondo Kicks Research Articles

우세한 다리와 비우세한 다리 사이의 태권도 발차기 비교

The balanced performance of dominant and non-dominant leg is very important to Taekwondo sparring. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elite Taekwondo athletes would have balanced biomechanical performance and intra-limb coordination in executing different types of Taekwondo kicks. Twelve athletes(more than 10 year practice experience) participated in this study and performed six basic kicks(i.e., the front, roundhouse, side, back, thrashing, and turning-back kick). Results indicated no statistical difference on response time, peak kicking velocity, single limb vertical jump height, and angle-angle plot between dominant leg and non-dominant leg(p>.05). In conclusion, elite Taekwondo athletes had equivalent ability between dominant leg and non-dominant leg in performing Taekwondo kicks. This might be an advantage to elite athletes for Taekwondo sparring because they could use both leg without any restriction.

태권도 돌려차기와 몸돌려 후려차기시 태권도화 착용에 따른 기계적 마찰력과 태권도 수행력 연구

본 연구는 개발된 태권도화에 따른 태권도 돌려차기와 몸돌려 후려차기시 기계적 마찰력과 태권도 수행력에 대하여 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위하여 A.F.T.S.(Automated Footwear Testing System)과 태권도 수행력 테스트를 실시하였으며 착화감에 대한 설문을 조사하였다. 본 실험의 결과 태권도화 종류에 따라 기계적 마찰력은 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 돌려차기시 최대 자유모멘트의 통계 결과값은 p=.011 이었고, 최대 족저압에 있어서 타입 A 태권도화와 타입 B 태권도화도 사이에 있어 유의한 차이를 보였다. 착화감 설문 결과 5가지 항목에 있어 타입 A와 타입 B 태권도 사이에 있어 유의한 차이를 보였지만 타입 B와 타입 C 태권도화에 있어서는 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 태권도화별 기계적 마찰력에서 유의한 차이를 보인 반면 수행력에 있어서는 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 판단되며, 설문 결과와 수행력 사이에 있어서도 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 임상 실험 결과와 기계적 마찰력 정도가 태권도 수행에 영향을 주는지 여부와 훈련 시 부상 방지 및 수행력을 향상시키는 태권도화의 생체역학적 설계 및 현 개발 시제품에 대한 후속제품개발에 도움을 주고자 한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between research of mechanical friction and Taekwondo kick performance. For this a Taekwondo kick performance test, A.F.T.S.(Automated Footwear Testing System) and survey about fitting was used. There was a statistically significant difference between all the Taekwondo shoe types. While performing the roundhouse kick there were statistically significant differences in the peak free moment(p=.01) and peak plantar pressure between type A and B. Comfort testing revealed that there were statistically significant difference between type A and B in the five comfort variables tested but not between type B and Type C. There was statistically significant differences between each of the Taekwondo shoes but there was no relationship between the performance and the results of the survey.

태권도 뒤차기의 인체 관절과 분절사이의 협응 형태

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyze coordination pattern of joints and segments during Dwichagi in Taekwondo and present a point of difference as compared with the previous study on Dolryeochagi in Taekwondo. By the utilization of three-dimensional cinematography, the angles of individual joints and segments of six male Taekwondo experts during Dwichagi were calculated by using Euler's angle. The used coordination variables were angle vs. angle plots between adjacent joints and segments and angle vs. angular velocity plots of individual joints and segments, respectively. It was observed during Dwichagi that in-phase coordination and spring-like rotational control mechanism of the lower and upper trunk were transferred into straight spring-like control mechanism of lower leg passing through flexion-extension and the fixation of degree-of-freedom of lower trunk and hip joint alternatively. This comparative study that coordination variables were used seems to be more useful research direction to deeply understand basic control mechanisms of Taekwondo kicking techniques when compared with the previous studies that defined Dwichagi as a thrust movement pattern merely based on biomechanical variables of a kicking leg.

태권도 뒤후려차기의 인체분절 사이의 협응 형태

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyze coordination pattern of joints and segments during Dwihuryeochagi and present points of difference as compared with the previous studies on Dolryeochagi and Dwichagi in Taekwondo. By the utilization of three-dimensional cinematography, the angles of individual joint and segment of six male Taekwondo experts during Dwihuryeochagi were calculated. The used coordination variables were angle vs. angle plots and angle vs. angular velocity plots. It was observed during Dwihuryeochagi that in-phase coordination including a turning point synchronization and spring-like rotational control mechanism of the lower and upper trunk were transferred into both ballastic and spring-like control mechanism of the lower leg by utilizing the intervention of the fixation of degree-of-freedom, out of phase coordination and decoupled coordination of the lower trunk and the hip joint. This comparative study that used coordination variables seems to be more useful research direction to deeply understand basic control mechanisms of Taekwondo kicking techniques and to propose effective and efficient graded learning sequences among them.

Impact timing and stretch in relation to foot velocity in a taekwondo kicking combination

Impact timing and stretch in relation to foot velocity in a taekwondo kicking combination

A parametric study of the thoracic injury potential of basic taekwondo kicks.

A parametric investigation of the thoracic injury potential of basic taekwondo kicks was conducted through the use of computer simulations. Linkage-based models were employed to simulate the kinetics of the kicking leg and were used to drive a human thorax model. The results of the analysis according to the thoracic compression criterion indicated a minimal probability of severe injury (AIS4+) for swing kicks, nearly 0 percent and thrust kicks, less than three percent. The thoracic viscous criteria, on the other hand, predicted a severe injury probability of up to 100 percent for swing kicks and up to 80 percent for thrust kicks. Additional analysis showed that the injury potential was a strong function of the kick velocity and a weak function of the applied constant force. The injury potential was also found to be a weak function of the size and weight of the kicking leg, with variations in the peak compression and viscous response being typically below 5 percent for a 20 percent change in either the mass or the length.

Thoracic injury potential of basic competition taekwondo kicks

A major concern in competition taekwondo is the injury potential posed by many of the powerful kicks used. An investigation of the kinetics of four kicks frequently used in competition was performed with high speed video. Velocities were measured, and energy was calculated. Typical values for basic swing kicks were 15 m s −1 and 200 J. Basic thrust kicks possessed 45% less velocity but 28% more energy than swing kicks. Linkage models were developed to simulate the motion and kinetics of the kicking leg. Injury potential was evaluated through thoracic compression and viscous criterion models. These models predict a significant probability of serious injury with all kicks, with thoracic deflections from 3 to 5 cm and peak viscous tolerance values from 0.9–1.4 m s −1, when no protective body equipment is used.

Injury rates during the 1988 US Olympic Team Trials for taekwondo.

Injury rates were recorded during the 1988 US Olympic Team Trials for taekwondo involving 48 men and 48 women. The injury rate for men (12.74/100 athlete-exposures) was about 40 per cent higher than the rate for women (9.01/100 athlete-exposures). The foot and the head were the most frequently injured body parts. Contusions were the predominant type of injury, and concussions were recorded for both men and women. A large proportion (41 per cent) of the men's injuries were the result of receiving a blow from an unblocked attack. For the women the most common injury situation (40 per cent) was while attacking with a kick. For both men and women, 15 per cent of the reported injuries were time-loss injuries. The head injuries found in this study are discussed with reference to the high impact velocities and momentum levels generated during taekwondo kicking. Recommendations are made with regard to protective equipment testing and rule changes to reduce the possibility of cerebral injury.