Taekwondo Coaches Research Articles

Soft Skills–Willingness of Taekwondo Coaches in Croatia for Learning: Sex Differences

The paper deals with researching the preferences of taekwondo coaches related to education on soft skills, such as critical thinking and stress management, that have not been given attention in formal and traditional forms of education. The research was conducted on a sample of 102 taekwondo coaches. The results showed that taekwondo coaches show an interest in additional education that would include learning various soft skills. In addition to the types of soft skills, the paper also presents the coaches’ views on what is important to them in education, such as the price or the possibility of attending online programs. In this paper, the coaches’ preferences were analyzed according to sex. The results showed that there are no sex differences in preferences for learning soft skills. The results presented in this paper have strong practical implications, both for the further education of taekwondo coaches and for the development of lifelong training of coaches in Croatia in general.

Research Trends in Taekwondo Demonstrations from 2004 to 2023 Utilizing Topic Modeling

PURPOSE By analyzing trends in Taekwondo demonstrations, specifically in breaking and performances, to date, this study aims to offer timely insights and set the groundwork for future research.METHODS We used Korean abstracts from a total of 425 papers containing the keyword “Taekwondo demonstrations” spanning 20 years from April 2004 to April 2023. We employed Python 3.5.2 to conduct dynamic topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Analysis, LDA) and to examine the correlation between the topic distribution by section and the publication year.RESULTS The main findings from the LDA are as follows. Topic 1 (10%): “The development of demonstrations: performance in culture and art, ” Topic 2 (11%): “The development of formalized rules and judgments in a demonstration event,” Topic 3 (08%): “A study on the educational courses and professionalism of Taekwondo coaches,” Topic 4 (11%): “Technical movements and kinematic characteristics,” Topic 5 (09%): “A study on marketing perspectives of demonstration performances,” and Topic 7 (33%): “Global exchange: the development and rise of internationalization.” In the correlation analysis between the topic share by section and the publication year, Topics 1 to 5 exhibited no statistically significant correlation. However, Topic 6, “A study on the attainment of events, training, and the psychological factors influencing athletes” and Topic 7, “Global exchange: the development and rise of internationalization,” also displayed a very statistically significant but negative correlation.CONCLUSIONS Future research should focus on studies on the psychological management of athletes during the performance of specific techniques and training methods. Further research considering the global characteristics of Taekwondo may be required.

Relationship between self-efficacy and stress among taekwondo coaches: mediating effect of social support

Relationship between self-efficacy and stress among taekwondo coaches: mediating effect of social support

Level 1 Regional Trainer Training as an Effort to Increase the Competence of Taekwondo Coach’s in East Java

Coaching for beginner sportsmen is ussualy carried out by coaches who have basic level training knowledge, of course, their training abilities are very limited. The best coaches who have competence usually train senior athletes. It is truly ironic that even at a critical and sensitive age for the development of physical abilities, beginber sportsmen are handled by inadequate coaches. Actually training at the level of beginner athletes requires knowledgeable and skilled trainers so they can teach the right movements and provide examples of the right skill. Coaches who deal with athletes at a basic level should understand the pattern of growth and development of novice athletes. One way that must be done is to make improvements by building and implementing a long term athlete development system that allows coaching athletes from an early age by providing training that is appropriate to their lever of growth and development. Efforts to improve the competence of basic level taekwondo trainers through Level 1 Regional trainer training activities seek to encourage the need for reconstruction of coaching and achievement programs that do not only rely on the athlete’s side, but are also accompanied by the coach’s role and strategy in designing training programs for athletes effectively and on target. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide program output, namely the creation of quality coaches who have good competence and skills to coach athletes. Effort to improve the competence of basic level taekwondo trainers through the level 1 regional trainers training activities are expected to continue to become programs or agendas in academic forums that become spearheads for athlete achievement to transform the skills and competency needs of trainers

A Comparative Study of Knowledge Between Male and Female Taekwondo Coaches of Nagpur City

A Comparative Study of Knowledge Between Male and Female Taekwondo Coaches of Nagpur City

SPARING AND SELF-DEFENSE – ASSESSMENT OF COACHES’ THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

Successful performance and high sports achievements in sport depend on the various aspects of sports training - physical, technical, tactical, and psychological training. On the other hand, a good knowledge of the sports regulations is extremely important for successful performance in sports competitions. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge of coaches related to the sparing and self-defense of Taekwon-do. Methodology: The study was carried out in April – May 2020. The study involved 38 Taekwon-do coaches (38.44±9.52 years) with different sports experience and degree from 15 local Taekwon-do clubs in Bulgaria. The online form test contains a total of 32 questions (4 personal and 28 specialized questions). Results: The largest accumulation of values (most coaches) received a result in the range of 17-31 points (81.58% of all tested). Most tasks have very good discrimination (0.40≤DP≤0.80). The calculated difficulty P of the questions used is in the range of 55-90%. Conclusion: Empirical data show that the test has good statistical characteristics and can be used to assess the theoretical knowledge of coaches about the sports regulations. The data obtained from the pedagogical experiment give grounds to claim that the level of knowledge of Taekwon-do coaches are at different levels. The regular use of a test to assess knowledge related to the rules of competition will increase the knowledge of coaches and reduce missed matches at critical moments.

PATTERN – ASSESSMENT OF COACHES’ THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

Taekwon-do is a martial arts, making it an immeasurable sport. Good knowledge of the sports regulations is extremely important for successful performance in sports competitions. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge of coaches related to pattern discipline of Taekwon-do. Methodology: The study was carried out in April – May 2020. The study involved 61 Taekwon-do coaches (32.74±9.34 years) with different sports experience and degree from 19 local Taekwon-do clubs in Bulgaria. The online form test contains a total of 27 questions (4 personal and 23 specialized questions). Results: The largest accumulation of values (most coaches) received a result in the range of 35-46 points (68.58% of all tested). Most tasks have very good discrimination (0.50≤DP≤0.71). The calculated difficulty P of the questions used is in the range of 44-61%. Conclusion: Empirical data show that the test has good statistical characteristics and can be used to assess the theoretical knowledge of coaches about the sports regulations. The data obtained from the pedagogical experiment give grounds to claim that the level of knowledge of Taekwon-do coaches are at different levels. The regular use of a test to assess knowledge related to the rules of competition will increase the knowledge of coaches and reduce missed matches at critical moments.

The efficiency evaluation of taekwondo coaches

The aim of this research3 was to explore the level of agreement between athletes and taekwondo coaches regarding their efficiency, as well as to investigate the deeper meaning behind coaches' responses regarding their preparation methods for regular training sessions and collaboration with other coaches. The research sample included ten coaches from the Taekwondo Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 265 taekwondo athletes. A quantitative-qualitative research approach was employed. In the quantitative part, research instruments such as a questionnaire for coaches and a five-point Likert scale were used for the assessment and self-assessment of taekwondo coaches' professionalism, along with an interview protocol for coaches. The qualitative part of the research utilized in-depth interview techniques. In line with specific research questions and qualitative coding methods, two areas and four categories with corresponding dimensions of taekwondo coaches' efficiency were identified in the final version of the codebook. The analysis of the obtained results suggests a positive assessment and self-assessment of taekwondo coaches' efficiency, with no significant difference between athletes' assessments and coaches' self-assessments of the given factor. In the qualitative part of the research, insights from coaches' responses revealed that the majority of coaches are efficient and dedicated in their coaching endeavours.

Expertise development of elite Taekwondo coaches

Objective: While numerous studies on the expertise of elite sports coaches have been conducted, few studies have been conducted on coaching Taekwondo, an Olympic sport rapidly gaining worldwide popularity. Yet, as a combat sport with Asian martial arts roots, elite Taekwondo coaches may have different needs than their peers in other sports. The present study thus explored elite Taekwondo coaches during the course of their careers. Methods: Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Coaches (n=9) were selected via purposeful sampling and were all elite Taekwondo coaches with more than 10 years’ experience in elite Taekwondo coaching. Focused questions examined the transition of expert elite Taekwondo coaches through various stages in their careers to explore their expertise development process. Results: Five key variables emerged from the analysis of the expert coaches’ growth toward expertise. These variables correlate with what other coaches of elite coaches experienced during their development, thus evidencing that coaching Olympic Taekwondo is not unlike coaching other elite sports.

The knowledge level of Taekwondo coaches regarding physical training methods in Jordan

This study aimed to identify the knowledge level of Taekwondo coaches working in Taekwondo centers in Jordan, on the basics of physical training and to provide an easily-implementable questionnaire. For this study, 179 Taekwondo coaches from both genders voluntarily participated. Descriptive method was used in the survey to suit the nature and objectives of the study. A questionnaire was designed, consisting of 49 multiple choice questions to measure the cognitive outcome of Taekwondo coaches on the fields of physical training, exercise physiology, sports career anatomy, sports nutrition, sports injuries and first aid. We used the statistical analysis effect of guessing, t -test and one-way (ANOVA) were used as statistical methods. The results showed that the level of knowledge among Taekwondo coaches was within the weak level. The level of the right answers was less than 50% on various areas of the study tool. The general level was 23.69% excluding the effect of guesswork on the areas of knowledge. The results showed that there are statistical indications in the Exercise Physiology method in terms of education level ( P ≤ 0.001), and in the Sports Career Anatomy in term of belts degree ( P ≤ 0.001). This research shows that the knowledge level of Taekwondo coaches on physical training methods in Jordan was within the limits of the weak level. Cette étude visait à identifier le niveau de connaissance des entraîneurs de Taekwondo travaillant dans les centres de Taekwondo en Jordanie, sur les bases de l’entraînement physique et à fournir un questionnaire facilement réalisable. Au total, 179 entraîneurs de taekwondo des deux sexes ont volontairement participé dans cette étude. Une méthode descriptive a été utilisée dans l’enquête en fonction de la nature et des objectifs de l’étude. Un questionnaire a été conçu, composé de 49 questions à choix multiples pour mesurer les résultats cognitifs des entraîneurs de taekwondo dans les domaines de l’entraînement physique, de la physiologie de l’exercice, de l’anatomie fonctionnelle du sport, de la nutrition sportive, des blessures sportives et des premiers soins. Nous avons utilisé l’effet d’analyse statistique de la supposition, le test t et un facteur (ANOVA) ont été utilisés comme méthodes statistiques. Les résultats ont montré que le niveau de connaissance des entraîneurs de taekwondo se situait dans le niveau faible. Le niveau des bonnes réponses était inférieur à 50 % sur divers domaines de l’outil d’étude. Le niveau général était de 23,69 % en excluant l’effet des conjectures sur les domaines de connaissance. Les résultats ont montré qu’il existe des indications statistiques. Le niveau d’éducation est de ( p ≤ 0,001) et le degré de ceintures est de ( p ≤ 0,001). Cette recherche montre que le niveau de connaissance des entraîneurs de taekwondo sur les méthodes d’entraînement physique en Jordanie était dans les limites du niveau faible.

중·고등학교 태권도선수가 인지한 지도자의 자율성 지지와 긍정심리자본 및 그릿의 관계

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among perceived autonomy support of coach, positive psychological capital, and grit of middle and high school Taekwondo players. The data were collected from 275 Taekwondo players residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. To test three hypotheses, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis were conducted by using SPSS and AMOS program. First, perceived autonomy support had a positive effect on positive psychological capital of players (hypothesis 1 adopted). Second, perceived autonomy support had a positive effect on grit of players (hypothesis 2 adopted). Third, positive psychological capital had a positive effect on grit of players (hypothesis 3 adopted). In conclusion, Taekwondo coach’s autonomy support behvaior plays an important role in improving positive psychological capital and grit of middle and high school Taekwondo players.

대학태권도 지도자-선수 교환관계(LMX)와 지도자신뢰 및 운동포기의도의 관계

This study was designed to find the relationship between the structural relationship between University Taekwondo coach-player exchange(LMX), coach trust, exercise discontinuance intention . To test this 229 University Taekwondo players are sampled. The resulting data were processed by means of frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structure modeling analysis using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 program. Results derived from the researches based on the aforementioned methods and data analyses are as follows: First, University Taekwondo coach-player exchange(LMX) had positive effect on coach trust. Second, University Taekwondo coach-player exchange(LMX) had negative effect on exercise discontinuance intention. Third, University Taekwondo coach trust had not significant effect on exercise discontinuance intention. Fourth, University Taekwondo coach-player exchange(LMX) had not effect on exercise discontinuance intention through coach trust.

Development of Exercise Variations Instructional Videos Attack Using Punching Pad Taekwondo Beginner Athletes Year 2021

This study aims to find out how the feasibility of instructional video variations of attack training using punching pads for taekwondo novice athletes in 2020. The study was conducted on product trials at taekwondo clubs. TVRI Medan. Address on JL. Capt. Sihombing Stone. Comp. TVRI, Club Taekwondo Taruna Nusantara Medan which is located at Jl. Karya Jaya. Comp. Jaya Syafira. Medan Johor and at Taekwondo Club Gaperta Medan. A study subject is a whole object where several sources or informants can provide information about the video instructional attack training product using a punching pad in development research. The research method is the Research and Development (R&D) method. The results of the development of video instructional attack training using punching pad taekwondo novice athletes from the sports aspect have been categorized very well with a percentage of 87.5%, thus the development product can be categorized as viable and can be used. The development of video instructional attack training using punching pad taekwondo novice athletes from taekwondo coaches has been categorized very well with a percentage of 96.6%, thus the development product can be categorized as feasible and usable. The development of video instructional attack training using punching pad taekwondo novice athletes from media experts has been categorized very well with a percentage of 92%, Thus the development product can be categorized as viable and usable. Conclusion of the development of video instructional attack training using punching pad is an instructional video variation of attack training using punching pad in taekwondo novice athletes in 2021 has an excellent category and is worth using.

Burnout, Presenteeism and Workplace Conditions of Korean Taekwondo Coaches of High-Performance Athletes.

Coaching is a stressful occupation, with expectations that are physically and psychologically demanding. Coaches are highly susceptible to occupational burnout and presenteeism, which ultimately affects the entire sporting community. In this study, coaching stress was evaluated by surveying taekwondo coaches to analyze the contributions of unique cultural predispositions and workplace conditions (environmental) to coach stress, burnout, and presenteeism. We verified the positive correlation between workplace conditions, burnout, and presenteeism for 210 taekwondo coaches; performed frequency, correlation, and confirmatory analysis using the compiled data; and the discussed the results within the framework of a formulated structural equation model. The research results are as follows. First, the workplace conditions of taekwondo coaches had a negative effect on burnout syndrome. Second, the workplace conditions of taekwondo coaches had a negative effect on presenteeism. Lastly, burnout of taekwondo coaches had a significant effect on presenteeism. Therefore, coaches’ burnout decreases as their workplace conditions improve, and presenteeism decreases as their burnout increases in controlled workplace conditions.

The Mediating Role of Burnout in The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction: An Application on Coachs

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of burnout in the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction. 231 taekwondo coaches participated in the study voluntarily. The survey method was preferred to collect the research data. In order to collect data in the study, Emotional Intelligence Feature Scale-Short Form (EQ-SF), Maslach Burnout Inventory (BMI) and Job Satisfaction Scale were used. SPSS Program was used for the analysis of the obtained data. The reliability of the scales was tested by Cronbach's alpha and validity of these scales was tested by explanatory factor analysis. Correlation analysis and regression analyzes was utilized to determine the relationships between the variables. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the emotional intelligence levels of the coaches had an effect on burnout and job satisfaction. In addition, burnout has a full mediator role in the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction.

Relationship among high school Taekwondo coach’s controlling coaching behavior and athletes aggression, and sport antisocial behavior

The purpose this study was to identify the Relationship among high school Taekwondo coach’s controlling coaching behavior and athletes aggression, and sport antisocial behavior. he participants were 338 (male 240 and female 85) high school Taekwondo athletes and their mean age was 17.52. They were registered as athletes with the Korean Sport and Olympic Committee. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and Structural Equation Model(SEM). Four hypothesis were adopted. First, Controlling coaching behavior had a positive effect on aggression. Second, Controlling coaching behavior had a positive effect on anti social behavior. Third, aggression had a positive effect on anti social behavior. Fourth, Controlling coaching behavior had a positive indirect effect on anti social behavior by mediating aggression. It was identified that the relationship among perceived controlling coaching behavior, aggression, and anti social behavior of student atheltes. This result provide an implications for prevention of negative development of student athletes participating in elite sport.

A Preliminary Study of Pre-Season Taekwondo Preparation Strategy: Personal Isolation Training Effect for Elite Athletes.

Background: The global coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has had a considerable impact on athletic competition and team sports training. Athletes have been forced to train alone at home. However, the isolation training model effects are still unknown. Purpose: This study compared the effects of personal isolation training (PIT) and detraining (DT) on specific sport performances (flexibility, power, reaction time, acceleration, and aerobic capacity) and body composition in elite taekwondo athletes. Methods: Eleven elite taekwondo athletes were recruited as voluntary subjects. Athletes were randomly paired by weight into the personal isolation training group (PIT group: N = 5, age: 21.2 ± 0.4 years, BMI: 22.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2) or detraining group (DT group: N = 6, age: 19.8 ± 0.3 years, BMI: 23.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2). All subjects performed the same training content prior to the pre-test (T1). When the pre-test was completed, all subjects underwent 12 weeks of PIT or DT. Athletes were then administrated the post-test (T2). The athlete’s sport performances and body composition were measured to compare the differences between the two groups (PIT and DT) and two phases (T1 and T2). Results: There were no significant differences in kicking reaction time and flexibility in both groups (p > 0.05). The PIT showed significant improvements in 10 m (10M) sprint performance (p < 0.05), and displayed a progress trend in Abalakov jump performance. In addition, the PIT resulted in a better change response in 10M sprint performance (PIT: −4.2%, DT: +2.1%), aerobic endurance performance (PIT: −10.2%, DT: −18.4%), right arm muscle mass (PIT: +2.9%, DT: −3.8%), and trunk muscle mass (PIT: +2.2%, DT: −1.9%) than DT (p < 0.05). The fat mass percentage showed a negative change from T1 to T2 in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PIT showed a trend toward better body composition (arm and trunk muscle) and sport performances (10M sprint and aerobic capacity) compared to DT. This finding may provide information on the effectiveness of a personal isolation training model for optimal preparation for taekwondo athletes and coaches. It may also serve as a useful and safe guideline for training recommendations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

A Study on the Verification of Competency Management Factors of College TAEKWONDO Athletes and Strategies for Improving Performance

Purpose: This study sought to conceptualize the components of the evaluation management for excellent college Taekwondo athletes and validate each component in detail. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to, third, propose a strategy through the analysis of the importance of key management factors structuring the definition of the components. Method: To achieve the purpose of the study, literature review, in-depth interviews, the Delphi analysis, and the AHP analysis were sequentially carried out. Results: First, customized training and match strategies ought to be structured for each individual athlete. Furthermore, it is necessary to continuously share these with coaches, athletes, and parents, and create a flexible systematic training program which may be adjusted at any time according to the match performance. Second, it is necessary to introduce an active consulting program related to family life, school and team life, and interpersonal relationship, and also systematically introduce a program which enables the exchange of opin-ions by and between leaders, counselors, parents, and athletes. Third, after retiring as a college student, the basic academic and curriculum learning management, on top of the Taekwondo match skills, one ought to be able to operate a program which may be consulted by and between the advising professor and the Taekwondo coach so that one can organize life independently. Fourth, by classifying excellent athletes or athletes of high potential value, one needs to connect with the college headquarters to provide a sponsorship program to connect sponsors and sponsor organizations according to match skills and recent performance results, and also consider the career path for Taekwondo activities which can sustain match skills and athlete life as a matter of formal institutionalization. Conclusion: The athlete competency management evaluation scale developed with a focus on the college Taekwondo athletes may be utilized as the basic data for the college athletes to reach the national level of matching skills and also discover promising middle and high school students. Furthermore, academic and practi-cal effects may be expected in that they will provide useful information for the follow-up researchers in the study of the field of Taekwondo match.

Critical Factors in the Decision-making Process of Chinese Mass Taekwondo Consumers: Application of Goal-oriented Behavior Model

PURPOSE This study uses the extended model of goal-oriented behavior to predict and test the behavioral intentions of Chinese public Taekwondo consumers. Based on the original MGB, the study adds five variables related to Taekwondo consumption characteristic to investigate the influencing factors of general Taekwondo consumers'' consumption decision-making process. METHOD This study conducts an online survey of 417 students studying in the Chinese Taekwondo Gymnasium and uses IBM SPSS statistical software 26.0 and AMOS 23.0 to analyze the data. Then, the data analysis is divided into two stages. In the first stage, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used to test the reliability and validity of the scale. In the second stage, a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis is employed to test the proposed hypotheses. RESULT The CFA test shows that the data and the model have a good fit, and the model has high combined reliability and convergence validity. And through the modification of the model, a SEM is established. CONCLUSION The results show that desire has the most significant impact on consumers'' behavioral preference, followed by past satisfaction and Taekwondo coach image. Past satisfaction significantly affects desire, which in turn affects consumersʼ behavioral preference. The two constructs of Taekwondo cognition and perspective form a positive and significant relationship. In addition, perspective has developed a considerable influence relationship with past satisfaction and Taekwondo coach image, which influences behavior preferences. Expected emotions significantly affect past satisfaction, which indirectly affects desire and consumer behavioral intentions.

КОРЕКЦІЯ ПОРУШЕНЬ СКЛЕПІНЧАСТОГО АПАРАТУ СТОПИ У МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ ЗАСОБАМИ ТАЕКВОН-ДО

Мета. Виявити вплив засобів таеквон-до на корекцію плоскостопості у молодших школярів.Методи. До педагогічного експерименту, за згодою батьків, було залучено 25 дітей чоловічої статі віком 7–10 років, з І–ІІ ступенем плоскостопості, з числа учнів 2–4 класів закладів середньої освіти м.Івано-Франківська. Секційні заняття проводилися під керівництвом тренера-інструктора з таеквон-до тричі на тиждень протягом 9-ти місяців, тривалістю 60 хвилин. Максимальна ЧСС не перевищувала 140 уд/хв. Для дослідження стопи використовували метод Е.Г. Мартиросова [4], який передбачає зняття відбитків підошовної поверхні стоп (плантограми). Результати. Виокремлюють наступні фактори,які впливають на розвиток плоскостопості: недорозвинені м’язи стопи, слабкість м’язово-зв’язкового апарату, надмірні фізичні навантаження, надлишкова вага, тривала гіпокінезія, неправильно підібране взуття, косолапість, ікс-подібна форма ніг, травми стопи та надп’ятковогомілкового суглобу, а також генетично детермінована форма стопи. Розробка нових і вдосконалення існуючих засобів збереження соматичного здоров’я дітей молодшого шкільного віку та відновлення їх організму при різних порушеннях є одним із важливих завдань фізичної культури. В цьому контексті була розроблена інноваційна програма для дітей молодшого шкільного віку з порушеннями склепінчастого апарату стопи. В підготовчій частині заняття, окрім гімнастичних вправ для різних груп м’язів, використовували комплекс суглобової гімнастики з метою підготовки організму молодших школярів до виконання технічнихелементів таеквон-до. В основній частині заняття акцент робився на вивчення й удосконалення базових ударів ногами, а в заключній використовували релаксаційні вправи, самомасаж, дихальну гімнастику. Аналіз плантограм зроблених до початку і в кінці педагогічного експерименту дозволив встановити вірогідне покращення коефіцієнту К, пяточного кута і кутів біля першого і п’ятого пальців, що є свідченням повної корекції плоскостопості. Висновок. Отже встановлено, що комплексне застосування засобів таеквон-до і суглобової гімнастики забезпечує нормалізацію склепінчастого апарату стопи у дітей молодшого шкільного віку з І-ІІ ступенем плоскостопості.Ключові слова: молодші школярі, плоскостопість, таеквондо.