Tactical Approach Research Articles

Particularities of Forensic Study of Criminal Personality

The peculiarities of forensic examination of the criminal personality have been examined through the application of various forensic methods and tactics within the field of forensic science. The authors aimed to explore the forensic structure of the criminal personality in the light of psychological methods during the detection and solving of crimes. To achieve the set goal, general scientific (including observation and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, theoretical generalization, etc.) and specialized methods (such as grouping and systemic-structural approaches) of scientific research have been employed. The research paper provides information on psychological methods that an investigator should employ, as well as the professional qualities that the investigator should have in order to directly study the criminal personality. The issue of determining the criminal personality within the field of criminology has been investigated by examining, during interrogation and other investigative measures, their individual qualities and characteristics reflected in the traces of crimes (in particular, disclosure of personal characteristics of the criminal with the help of psychological techniques and formation of evidence in investigative and operational practice). The ethical aspect of the impact on the accused individual (suspect) during pre-trial investigation and crime prevention is elucidated in this research paper. The boundaries and principles of admissibility of psychological influence on the criminal’s consciousness are expounded, with morality outlined as a tactical approach to such influence. The classification and typology of criminals into groups and categories are highlighted. Information regarding the understanding of the criminal personality in criminology, achieved through the study of their individual qualities and traits, is presented and reflected in the traces of crimes. It is proved that properly analyzed biographical data about the suspect provides the investigator with the opportunity to effectively influence the criminal’s value system.

Implementasi Pembelajaran Station Rotation Mapel PJOK pada Materi Aktivitas untuk Kebugaran terhadap Tingkat Kelincahan Siswa

Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) is an integral part of the education system that provides knowledge and skills in the field of physical activity and sports. Station Rotation learning is a class-based learning method that is a driving model type, which requires students to take turns completing the program. Tactical Approach learning is a planned process to perfect. game appearance. which it contains. combiner. elements of tactical circumstances. and implementation of expertise. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of station rotation learning and Tactical Approach learning in the PJOK subject, activity material for fitness in class VII students at SMPN I Dringu. . It is hoped that the results of this research can be used by practitioners as evaluation material for science in the field of science that has been carried out with the benefits of learning the Station Rotation and Tactical Approach models. This research uses quantitative research with a quasi-experimental method (Quasi experiment) with the design of this research using Randomized Control group pretesh-posttest Design. The analysis used is average (mean), standard deviation, normality test and T test. The results of this research after being tested with Paired Samples Statistics and T Test were that there was a significant influence on the learning of the Station Rotation and Tactical Approach models with a mean of 14.78 at the pre-test and 13.32 at the post-test for male students. With a mean of 18.11 during the pre-test and 16.98 during the post-test for female students, a mean of 15.41 during the pre-test and 14.26 during the post-test for male students and a mean of 17.98 during the pre-test and 15.98 during the post-test for male students. .81 during the post test for female students

Some peculiarities of organising the interrogation of a juvenile (minor) victim under martial law

Based on the analysis of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the scientific work of scholars and practitioners, it has been established that criminal justice for juveniles (minors) should be structurally separated from adult justice, carried out in different forms, and should include their social and psychological support and rehabilitation. Such a system should recognise that children are not adults, they are largely dependent on adults and society, have a lower level of emotional, mental and intellectual maturity, and therefore require special treatment appropriate to their age and level of development. In this regard, the article identifies the main tactical approaches to the most optimal organisation of interrogation of a juvenile (minor) victim under martial law. Proposals have been made regarding the choice of place (special “friendly” premises or rooms and alternative places) and time of such investigative (detective) action, as well as the investigator (detective) or prosecutor who will conduct the interrogation. Options for providing professional assistance by a teacher, psychologist and doctor, who must be present during the interrogation of a minor or underage victim, are also suggested. The investigator (inquirer) and prosecutor are provided with practical recommendations on organising and conducting interrogation of a juvenile (minor) victim, using modern interrogation methods, and the procedure for conducting it, which will increase the efficiency of the procedural action and ensure compliance with the basic principles of child-friendly justice.

Islamska Republika Iranu wobec Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej na tle wojny w Ukrainie

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN TOWARDS CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE UPON THE BACKGROUND OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE The article attempts to analyze the politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Central and Eastern Europe during the war conflict in Ukraine, 2022. The aim of the study is to describe the tactic and strategic approach of the IRI to the abovementioned problem in order to answer the question about the power shift in Central Asia. An additional aim is to show the image of the USA and NATO as created by the IRI, and to point to the role of Poland in the IRI’s tactical actions to sustain positive relations with Europe. The role of Russia, one of the most influential actors both in the European and in the Eurasian areas cannot be omitted.

МИНИИНВАЗИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ ОСТРОГО ПАНКРЕАТИТА

Abstract. Introduction. Hollow organ perforations accompanying pancreatic necrosis are a severe complication. In this case, surgical intervention is limited to a degree due to the extensive process in the upper abdomen and the patient’s functional condition. Aim. To share our experience in the minimally invasive repair of gastric perforation in a case series of severely infected pancreatic necroses and retroperitoneal phlegmons. Materials and Methods. We analyzed a case series in our clinic over 5 years, including the necrotizing forms of acute pancreatitis with complications, such as acute perforations of hollow organs. This paper describes the minimally invasive surgeries we performed to treat perforations in upper abdominal. Results and Discussion. In 3 of 4 cases in our clinic, acute perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract developed along with necrotizing pancreatitis were successfully released using the minimally invasive approach. Conclusions. Hollow organ perforation is one of the most severe complications of infected pancreatic necrosis resulting from the aggressive effects of pancreatic secretion. In this case, the tactical approach depends on the nature and localization of perforation, the course of pancreatic necrosis, and the patient’s functional condition. For perforation of acute gastric ulcers, it is technically possible to use a minimally invasive approach using endoscopic clips, which has been successfully demonstrated in our clinic. We hope that our experience will allow avoiding extended operations in this category of patients.

Exploring implementation mechanisms of Tactical Urbanism in Jordan

In recent times, there has been a global emergence of tactical and temporary urban interventions as a novel approach to enhancing local neighborhoods with minimal risks. These interventions include various activities in the built environment, such as street art, pop-up shops, urban festivals, gardening, and seasonal markets. This trend has garnered the attention of both scholars and policymakers due to its growing popularity. The academic literature often refers to these interventions as tactical urbanism (TU), pop-up urbanism, temporary urbanism, DIY urbanism, and guerrilla urbanism. This paper examines temporary urban interventions as urban catalysts to further explore their potential in enhancing urban spaces in a Middle Eastern context, focusing on Amman, Jordan. The study employs purposeful critical sampling, semi-structured interviews, and the Urban Catalyst model to identify and categorize the implementation mechanisms of several interventions into tactics and strategies. The research findings suggest a potential outline for strategic and tactical implementation approaches that may support the understanding of the interventions by practitioners, policymakers, and tacticians. The study concludes by highlighting actions that actors can take to manage, experiment with, and utilize tactical and temporary interventions in Amman.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer. Experience in implementing at the regional level. Priority issues

Background. Despite the fact that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients has become a routine diagnostic procedure, it is still of great interest to researchers, since the priority issues of choosing methodology, equipment, technology, and stages of use are still being discussed. Although all obstacles to this technique implementation into routine clinical practice have been eliminated, SLNB in locally advanced breast cancer is still rarely used. We describe the experience of implementing SLNB in Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary. We also discuss organizational, tactical, and practical approaches aimed to minimize the number of errors in technical terms, as well as to choose a multidisciplinary approach to the development of regulations for the examination and treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer.Aim. To assess the efficacy of SLNB implementation for patients with locally advanced breast cancer at the regional level.Materials and methods. This study included 500 patients with invasive (T1–2) breast cancer with clinically negative sentinel lymph nodes of all immunohistochemical subtypes that had undergone SLNB and histological examination. Sentinel lymph nodes were visualized using the radioisotope colloid 99mTc-Nanotop. We present the implementation algorithm for this procedure into routine clinical practice and evaluate short-term results.Results. A total of 500 patients have undergone SLNB. The first 30 cases were considered pilot cases, where all patients positive for sentinel lymph nodes additionally underwent standard axillary lymph node dissection. We observed a 100 % concordance of histological results. Then the surgery was routinely performed for all patients from this category. The assessment of short-term surgical outcomes demonstrated significant improvement of the postoperative period, reduced frequency of postoperative complications (persistent seroma of the axillary area to 2.85 %), reduced length of hospital stay (by 52.7 %) and improved functional and aesthetic results in the majority (>62 %) of patients.Conclusion. Our algorithm of SLNB use in patients with breast cancer in routine clinical practice at the regional level allows for rapid method implementation, reduced length of hospital stay, better functional and aesthetic results, and lower incidence of persistent seroma of the axillary area.

RESULTS OF SURGICAL CORRECTION OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN ANORECTAL MALFORMATION IN CHILDREN

The high frequency of postoperative complications (POС) in the anorectal zone remains an urgent problem of pediatric surgery.Satisfactory results after a single intervention are 50-80%. After the correction of anorectal postoperative malformation (APM),functional disorders of the sphincter apparatus of the rectum are observed in 30-60% of patients, which further leads to fecal incontinence (FI) and chronic constipation (CC). We retrospectively analyzed the causes of the most common recurrent pathological conditions in the anorectal zone in children as well as tactical approaches, methods of software correction, and considered ways to prevent them.The aim. The goal is to improve the results of surgical correction of postoperative complications (POC) in the anorectalzone in children.Material and methods. 78 patients with POC in the anorectal zone after primary and repeated correction of anorectalmalformations (ARM) were examined. 197 reconstructive operations were performed. The diagnostic algorithm consisted ofclinical, X-ray, laboratory examination, MRI and endoscopic examination methods.The study has been carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The research protocol wasapproved by the Local Ethics Committee (LEK) of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the children’s parentswas obtained for the research. The authors declare that there is no confl ict of interest.Statistical processing of the study results was carried out using standard methods with the calculation of the absolute numberof observations (n) and the percentage ratio (%).Results and discussion. The analysis of long-term results after the primary and repeated correction of the ARM showedthat unreliable primary diagnosis, inadequate preoperative preparation, and the choice of the operation method led to thedevelopment of postoperative anal sphincter insuffi ciency (PASI), which required a large number of repeated operations. Thecauses of complications were studied, errors were analyzed, indications, timing, accesses, volume and methods of repeatedsurgery were optimized. The optimization of tactical approaches, methods of surgical and rehabilitation treatment led to theimprovement in the results of treatment of PASI up to 85.3%.Conclusions: 1. Indications and the choice of method for repeated correction of pathological conditions in the anorectal zone inchildren are determined taking into account the degree of PNAS. 2. Analysis of the causes of errors, optimization of diagnostics, tactics of intraoperative surgical correction and postoperative preventive measures contribute to improving the results of treatment of children.3. Optimization of tactical approaches, methods of surgical and rehabilitation treatment led to an improvement in the resultsof treatment of PNAS up to 85.4%.

Surgical aspects in treatment of gallblader parenchymatous polyps

Aim of this work is to pay attention to tactical approaches to patients with gallbladder polyps. Materials and methods. Authors analyze the experience of surgical treatment of 84 patients with gallbladder polyps for the period 2015-2021 yy. at the University Clinic. Results. Histological examination showed that hyperplastic polyps met most frequently in 47.6%, adenomatous polyps occurred in 45.3% and cholesterol (cholesterosis) in 7.1%. Conclusions. Gallbladder polyps have no specific symptoms. The potential for malignant transformation implies an active surgical approach, which leads to an increase in the number of surgical benefits. At the same time, minimally invasive, videoendoscopic technologies have sufficient capabilities for the radical removal of gallbladder polyps.

Correction of body weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Clinical case

Obesity and overweight are health problems that indicate excessive and abnormal accumulation of body fat and lead to adverse health effects. Epidemiological studies have identified obesity and overweight as risk factors for several diseases, including diabetes, various cancers, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass is one of the most common operations performed for the patients with morbid obesity. With the long‑term follow‑up of bariatric surgery, insufficient weight loss or weight regain is becoming more frequently encountered after RYGB. Insufficient weight loss or weight regain after proximal Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass occurs in 35% of cases. As a result, revisional surgery will be more frequently performed. No consensus has been reached on the best revisional operation for these patients. The presented clinical case demonstrates tactical approaches to a comprehensive examination of patients who are scheduled for revision surgery due to insufficient weight loss or weight regain after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass. 3D computer gastrovolumetry is an effective method that allows the qualitative and quantitative examination of the state of the proximal gastric pouch after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass. The presented clinical case demonstrates the importance of an individualized approach for each patient, according to the recommendations of the multidisciplinary team for diagnosis and correct surgical strategy treatment weight regain after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass. Combined reconstruction of the gastric pouch with gastroenteroanastomosis and distalization of the alimentary loop is a safe and effective method of correction of weight regain in patients after Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass.

Enjoyment in physical education learning: The effect of learning approach and gender

Issues related to gender and learning approaches in physical education are still interesting issues, the trend of research on these variables is still being carried out from year to year, but the research that combines learning approaches and gender as independent variables has not been widely carried out, especially studies in the development of student enjoyment in physical education learning. This study aims to examine the effect of the learning approach and gender on students' enjoyment. This study is an experimental study involving 56 students (28 boys, 28 girls) with an age range of 13-14 years who were divided into four groups. The research instrument used was the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale Questionnaire (PACES) to determine the level of student enjoyment during physical education learning. Data analysis was performed using Two Way Anova. The results of the analysis show that (1) the learning approach (technical and tactical) has been shown to have a significant effect on students' enjoyment of learning, and (2) Gander (male and female) has been shown to have a univariately significant effect on student enjoyment, (3) there is no interaction between gender and learning approach to student enjoyment. The findings of the analysis prove that the learning approach is one of the indicators in the development of enjoyment. It is assumed that the tactical and technical approaches are packaged in engaging learning scenarios so that both male and female students feel comfortable in carrying out the learning process. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the learning approach and gender affect the development of students' enjoyment. Partially, the tactical approach proved to have a higher impact than the technical approach. Meanwhile, in terms of gender, male students were shown to have a higher impact than female students on the development of student enjoyment in learning physical education

Transparency for what purpose?: Designing outcomes‐focused transparency tactics for digital platforms

AbstractTransparency has long been held up as the solution to the societal harms caused by digital platforms' use of algorithms. However, what transparency means, how to create meaningful transparency, and what behaviors can be altered through transparency are all ambiguous legal and policy questions. This paper argues for beginning with clarifying the desired outcome (the “why”) before focusing on transparency processes and tactics (the “how”). Moving beyond analyses of the ways algorithms impact human lives, this research articulates an approach that tests and implements the right set of transparency tactics aligned to specific predefined behavioral outcomes we want to see on digital platforms. To elaborate on this approach, three specific desirable behavioral outcomes are highlighted, to which potential transparency tactics are then mapped. No single set of transparency tactics can solve all the harms possible from digital platforms, making such an outcomes‐focused transparency tactic selection approach the best suited to the constantly‐evolving nature of algorithms, digital platforms, and our societies.

TomTom Data Applications for the Assessment of Tactical Urbanism Interventions: The Case of Bologna

This work aims to evaluate how a temporary school square implemented in the city of Bologna under the principles of the tactical urbanism approach impacted on vehicular patterns through exploiting TomTom Floating Car Data (FCD) from before and after the intervention. Such data, passively collected by vehicles acting as moving sensors on the network, have been used for the analyses instead of data collected through usual methods. After statistical validation of available datasets through two-tailed paired Student’s t-tests, trend analyses have been performed on sample sizes and speed-related values to detect global variations in the first place, and more thoroughly among clusters of road segments based on graph-calculated distance from the intervention site. Results suggest that traffic flows have been relocated from segments directly affected by the intervention, where a decrease has been registered (−23.87%), towards adjacent streets or segments in a buffer area, which have recorded an increase (+3.51% and +3.50%, respectively), so the phenomenon of traffic evaporation did not take place as opposed to more widespread tactical urbanism interventions described in the literature. OD matrices per 15-min time fractions over the three selected peak time slots have been extracted in order to obtain reliable input data for a future development of traffic microsimulation models. The extraction method is based on least squares optimization problems solving systems of linear equations representing OD flows assigned to the observed link, after selecting a set of k¯ shortest paths through a Path Size Logit (PSL) model. Even though the availability of large amounts of data could not overcome typical underdetermination of the problem, due to the key issue of data dependence among traffic counts, the validation of retrieved matrices returned good results in terms of correlation between observed and estimated link flows. In the few cases where the quality of correlation fell, underlying causes have been investigated and the influence of outliers, amplified by the high fragmentation of the provided road graph, might represent the core problem.

Plasticity of wheat yield components in response to N fertilization

Nitrogen fertilization is one of the major issues of crop productions in west-Europe. Every year, large quantities of synthetic nitrogen are used to fertilize crops, such as winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), and ensure them high yielding conditions. In return, substantial amount of nitrogen ends up in the environment where it generates pollutions. The combination of strategic and tactical approaches has been suggested to improve the accuracy of nitrogen fertilization decisions and their implementation. Combining strategic and tactical approaches requires a detailed understanding of the dynamic of nitrogen use by the plant to both anticipate and adapt fertilization practices. Inspired by the concept of yield component phenotypic plasticity, this study aimed to analyze the influence of nitrogen fertilization dynamics on yield elaboration and infer strategic decision rules dedicated to wheat yield optimization in a Belgian context. The analysis, implemented from ten-year experiment, was conducted in two different steps. (1) We characterized the effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components when the crop was submitted to different agro-pedo-climatic contexts, (2) we analyzed the specific influence of nitrogen fertilization dynamic on yield elaboration, normalizing the variables of the experiment to exclude genetic and environmental influences. The study revealed that highest nitrogen fertilization did not automatically lead to the highest yields. High nitrogen fertilization contributed to increase the negative trade-offs between yield components, which limited the efficiency of nitrogen supplies. Conversely, a balanced dynamic of nitrogen supplies was essential to reach high yields while supplying effective amount of nitrogen. From this Belgian dataset, optimal nitrogen fertilization strategies supposed early nitrogen supplies split in two applications to support the initiation phases of grains per m² and another nitrogen supply at flag leaf stage to maintain components of grain per m² while still allowing grain filling. This fertilization structures, adapted to different pedoclimatic contexts would support strategic approach in crop nitrogen nutrition.

“Ego massaging that helps”: a framework analysis study of internal medicine trainees’ interprofessional collaboration approaches

ABSTRACT Introduction Patient care depends on collaborative practice. Debate remains as to the best approach to providing education for collaboration, with educational interventions often far removed from the realities of the clinical workplace. Understanding the approaches used for collaboration in clinical practice could inform practical strategies for training. For internal medicine trainees, this involves collaboration with other professions but also with other specialties. This study aimed to explore the approaches that internal medicine trainees use for interprofessional collaboration and the ways that these approaches vary when internal medicine trainees interact with different healthcare provider groups. Methods Following ethical approval and participant consent, interprofessional communication workshops between August 2020 and March 2021 were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Workshops involved groups of internal medicine trainees discussing collaboration challenges and the approaches they use in clinical practice. This framework analysis study used the interprofessional collaboration framework described by Bainbridge and Regehr (building social capital, perspective taking and negotiating priorities and resources), and cross-referenced the categorised data with the healthcare groups that trainees collaborate with, to look for patterns in the data. Results Seventeen workshops, involving 100 trainees, were included. Trainees described relationship building, perspective taking and negotiating priorities and resources. Relationship building was a modification to the original framework domain of building social capital. Themes of power and civility transcended domains with evidence of using hierarchy as leverage when negotiating and employing civility as a tactical approach throughout. Discussion This bi-dimensional analysis highlights patterns of perspective taking when collaborating with other specialties and professions, and the approaches to negotiation of courting favour and coercion when interacting with other specialties. This study provides evidence of the strategies currently utilised by internal medicine trainees, with different healthcare groups, and presents a modified framework which could inform the development of training for collaboration.

A Brief History of the Evolution of the Hungarian Police Anti-Terror Units (1987–2010)

This paper will attempt to cover the history and evolution of the Hungarian anti-terror capability and the evolution of the dedicated Hungarian police anti-terror units from 1987 up to 2010 from a historical perspective. By using interviews and memoires of former unit members, contemporary manuals and media sources, and presenting the legal background, this paper will attempt to highlight the historical significance, the cultural heritage, and the tactical methodology behind the evolution of the Hungarian stance on terrorism and anti-terrorism from its most acute aspect, the boots on the ground and the operators behind the orders. This paper also includes a brief history and description on the different uniforms, equipment and weapon systems, highlighting the changes in tactical approaches, and varying opportunities in obtaining or developing more modern and advanced technology.

A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE FLOATING VENOUS THROMBOSIS OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA SYSTEM

We analyzed the results of surgical treatment floating DVT. Unfortunately, there are no randomized studies in the world regarding the determination of clear tactical approaches to the treatment of floating venous thrombosis, in many cases doctors make decisions about the choice of surgical tactics based on their own experience. In our research, we tried to systematize our own experience and form the basic principles of determining surgical tactics in the treatment of floating venous thrombosis. To date, anticoagulants, surgical interventions in the form of thrombectomy, and thrombolytic therapy are used in the treatment of DVT. Unfortunately, at the moment, no consensuses clearly define the issues of surgical treatment of floating venous thrombosis, venous thrombosis in pregnant women, venous thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism.
 The goal. The aim of the research was to develop a surgical tactics in the treatment of floating DVT of the inferior vena cava.
 Materials and methods. The treatment of 76 patients with floating DVT from 2008 to 2020 were analyzed.
 In a research among patients with floating DVT in 15(20%) patients experienced thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, 19(25%) patients had ilio-femoral thrombosis in 17(22%) patients with femoral - popliteal thrombosis in 9(12%) patients with popliteal - tibial.
 Deep vein thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism with medium and high risk of death was observed in 10 (13%) patients. Among them, floating thrombosis of the iliac-femoral segment was observed in 4 patients.
 Floating thrombosis of deep veins in pregnant women was observed in 6 (8%) patients.
 Among patients, 20 (296%) patients were admitted within 1 day of the onset of the disease, 30 (39%) patients on 2-3 days, 11 (14%) patients on 4-7 days, 8 on 8-14 days (11%) patients, from the 15th day - 7 (10%) patients).
 The results. Patients with long of floating part of the more than 4 cm, we used an active surgical tactics. In the presence of the floating thrombus a total iliac vein thrombectomy we performed in 12 patients with the removal of the floating thrombus with femoral access. For the prevention of pulmonary embolism in these cases we implanted a temporary cava-filter. When flotation thrombus in the external iliac vein, we used the technique of thrombectomy using Fogarty two catheters in 12 patients. When flotation clots in common femoral vein and distally using a vein thrombectomy with clamping head above floating thrombus. When treating patients with floating DVT, pulmonary embolism complicated with medium and high risk of death, we used systemic thrombolysis with pre- implantation temporary coffee filter in patients with floating DVT, pulmonary embolism complicated with medium and high risk of death, we used systemic thrombolysis with pre- implantation temporary coffee filter. In the presence of pregnancy and floating thrombosis thrombectomy was performed with the removal of the thrombus floating. In our research, when performing the surgical treatment of DVT no cases of pulmonary embolism during or after treatment were observed. In 100 % of patients after treatment has been a clinical improvement in all cases floating DVT was eliminated floating nature of the danger of thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
 Conclusions. In the presence of a floating DVT of the inferior vena cava system with a length of the floating part of the thrombus greater than 4 cm, it is necessary to use an active strategy of thrombus removal. When performing thrombectomy, it is necessary to use methods of surgical prevention of PE, taking into account the localization of the floating part.

The Role of Private Philanthropy in Sustainability Standards Harmonization: A Case Study

Voluntary sustainability standards are often inconsistent and fragmented in terms of governance, complementarity, global applicability, and traction. Calls to harmonize this space have been intensifying. The objective of this study was to better understand the role that private philanthropy has played in helping to pave the way for globally consistent and comparable sustainability-related standards in the corporate sector, through the analysis of a case study. Twenty-four interviews with 31 stakeholders were carried out between October 2021 and January 2022, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The interview responses and qualitative data were analyzed using Atlas Ti software and open coding procedures. All interviewees spoke positively about the philanthropic intervention in question, and five main themes emerged: (1) strategic relevance and effective targeting of the intervention; (2) trust-building tactics: expertise, neutrality, and facilitation; (3) flexible and strategic interventions; (4) cultivating the standards harmonization philanthropic network; (5) strategic directions for philanthropy, moving forward. Three specific tactical approaches were identified that could help to orient future philanthropic action: (a) the steering of philanthropic support (both funding and non-financial support) toward ventures where such interventions can be advantageous, relative to formalized governmental interventions; (b) the facilitation of partnerships and trust, amid delicate interpersonal and organizational politics among standard-setters and donors alike; (c) the flexibility and specificity of grant requirements, coupled with a long-term vision.

A Comparison of Tactic and Technical Approaches to Student Basketball Skills

The tactical and technical approach model is an approach model that is often used in physical education, especially in game sports, one of which is basketball. This study aims to determine the different effects of tactical and technical learning models on students' understanding and skills in basketball. The method and design of this study used an experimental method with pre-test and post-test design groups. The research sample is composed of high school students, with a total of 48 students. 12 students using a technical approach and 12 tactical students The instrument uses GPAI (Games Performance Instrument Analysis). The results obtained (1) test the similarity of the average of the two skills obtained. 000 for technical and 0.000 for tactical, it can be concluded that the two models have significant differences in basketball playing skills. (2) Then the two models have different average values; the playing skills score of the tactical approach model is 0.67 and the technical approach model is 0.55. The difference between the two approach models shows that the tactical approach model has a significantly greater effect than the technical approach model.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Construction Enterprises’ Digital Transformation Based on DEMATEL-TAISM

The ongoing shift from an industrial to a digital economy is a significant global phenomenon. However, the driving forces behind and the tactical approach to digital transformation are still unclear to the construction industry, thereby posing challenges for construction enterprises seeking to undergo digital transformation. Therefore, this paper conducted an investigation on the subject, including the following: (1) the 17 influencing factors in the complex system of digital transformation of construction enterprises were screened and summarized from four perspectives: Environment, Technology, Organisation, and Resources. The attributes of the influencing factors were analyzed using the Decision-Making Experimentation and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, and the key factors were identified. (2) The Total Adversarial Interpretive Structure Model (TAISM) method was used to develop a multi-perspective adversarial recursive structure model with integrated impact values, which reflected the interrelationships between the influencing factors and the hierarchical structure. (3) Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of digital transformation of construction enterprises, the clear path mechanisms were elucidated and suggested measures from the internal and external perspectives of government and construction firms were recommended. The results can offer theoretical backing and serve as a stepping stone for the digital transformation of the construction industry.