Use Of Tactics Research Articles

Trump's Playbook of Electoral Manipulation: An Interplay of Manipulation Tactics in a Longstanding Democracy

The attempt by former President Donald Trump to manipulate the United States’ 2020 presidential elections is a salient example of how electoral manipulation has changed to adapt to the new political and societal context that marks present-day elections. This highlights the need for a novel approach to help us better understand electoral manipulation, which is becoming increasingly common all over the world. This article addresses this need by presenting a novel framework for examining electoral manipulation in the United States in the 2020s. A novel feature of the framework is a focus on the interplay between different manipulation tactics. It identifies nine electoral manipulation tactics that interact with and reinforce each other: breaking democratic norms, disinformation, gerrymandering, voter suppression, hacking and leaking, collusion with foreign states, intraparty pressure, intimidation and violence, and corrupting state and government institutions.

Views about the clinical, diagnostic and comprehensive treatment of plantar fasciitis: a review

INTRODUCTION. One of the problems in modern podiatry is plantar fasciitis. According to population studies, more than two million patients are treated for plantar fasciitis each year in the United States, 1 in 10 people will develop heel pain during their lifetime, and 1 % of visits to podiatrists are related to heel pain. Plantar fasciitis occurs in approximately 10 % of the general population, with 83 % of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65. The high prevalence of plantar fasciitis in the population necessitates the search and development of new and effective methods for its recognition and treatment. AIM. Generalization of literature data on the mechanisms of development of plantar fasciitis, methods of diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The databases PubMed, Scopus and the electronic scientific library eLIBRARY were searched for articles using the keywords: “plantar fasciitis”, “plantar fasciosis”, “heel pain”, “heel spur”. Search depth — 10 years. Publications related to the diagnosis and treatment of PF were selected. During the study, 40 publications were selected, the content of which, to one degree or another, corresponded to the purpose of this study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Pain syndrome in the area of the heel bone is the main reason for seeking medical care in patients with plantar fasciitis. Currently, there are several approaches to the treatment of plantar fasciitis: conservative and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment is represented by methods of manual therapy, physical therapy, and physical therapy. Surgical methods include various variants of resection of the bony outgrowth of the calcaneal region and other interventions. CONCLUSION. Treatment of plantar fasciitis requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, as no single treatment method is universal. Conservative treatment of patients with plantar fasciitis should be comprehensive. Due to the high prevalence of plantar fasciitis in the population, the introduction of new treatment techniques and the development and use of a unified patient management tactic can improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Among other surgical methods, the use of RFD has a positive effect in patients with PF refractory to conservative therapy and is the least invasive method among surgical methods.

ON SOME LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION IN DIPLOMACY

The article provides an insight into diplomatic language through the discussion of the language choices in James Cleverly’s and Annalena Baerbock’s speeches. The diplomats’ main weapon is their language. Diplomats speak a lot and give little information. Diplomatic communication is based on the use of various strategies and tactics. The most common ones include: the strategy of “ambiguity”, the strategy of “mitigation”, the tactics of euphemistic substitution, the subjectivity of assessment and communicative tolerance. The main purpose of these strategies is to maintain one’s own interests and create a positive tone of communication. The aim of the study and the specifics of the data chosen determine the choice of the following research methods in the study of diplomatic discourse: the method of direct observation of the material, followed by analysis and generalization of the results, contextual-interpretive and content analysis methods, as well as methods of linguistic description.

Personality and acceptance as predictors of ChatGPT use

Within a year of its launch, ChatGPT has seen a surge in popularity. While many are drawn to its effectiveness and user-friendly interface, ChatGPT also introduces moral concerns, such as the temptation to present generated text as one’s own. This led us to theorize that personality traits such as Machiavellianism and sensation-seeking may be predictive of ChatGPT usage. We launched two online questionnaires with 2000 respondents each, in September 2023 and March 2024, respectively. In Questionnaire 1, 22% of respondents were students, and 54% were full-time employees; 32% indicated they used ChatGPT at least weekly. Analysis of our ChatGPT Acceptance Scale revealed two factors, Effectiveness and Concerns, which correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with ChatGPT use frequency. A specific aspect of Machiavellianism (manipulation tactics) was found to predict ChatGPT usage. Questionnaire 2 was a replication of Questionnaire 1, with 21% students and 54% full-time employees, of which 43% indicated using ChatGPT weekly. In Questionnaire 2, more extensive personality scales were used. We found a moderate correlation between Machiavellianism and ChatGPT usage (r = 0.22) and with an opportunistic attitude towards undisclosed use (r = 0.30), relationships that largely remained intact after controlling for gender, age, education level, and the respondents’ country. We conclude that covert use of ChatGPT is associated with darker personality traits, something that requires further attention.

The Dynamic Link between Teacher Effectiveness and Student Success in Secondary Education in Karachi

This study aims to examine the relationship between student accomplishment and teacher effectiveness to determine each student's unique needs and motivate them to learn. A sample of 150 teachers was selected by simple random sampling from all secondary school teachers in District Korangi, Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, teachers were surveyed quantitatively. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were utilized in SPSS version 22 to evaluate the data. The study's findings showed that several factors, including instructors' desire to provide feedback, their use of classroom engagement techniques, their communication skills, their learning of soft skills, and their use of instructional tactics, are crucial to students' success and academic progress. According to the research, one of the best methods to raise kids' academic achievement is for teachers to play an influential role in the classroom. The study recommended that teachers use motivation, positive reinforcement, classroom management techniques, and communication skills to improve student learning.

Age‐related differences in the use of boundary management tactics when teleworking: Implications for productivity and work‐life balance

AbstractThe rise of home‐based teleworking and the ageing of the workforce constitute two major trends impacting the future of work. Managing these trends well requires a good understanding of how worker age and telework intersect and which mechanisms link age and telework outcomes. We integrated perspectives of boundary theory and the lifespan model of selection, optimization, and compensation and investigated in two studies the relationship between employee age and two telework outcomes (work–life balance and unfinished tasks) as mediated by boundary management tactics aimed at segmenting work and nonwork roles. Across Study 1 (a two‐wave study with 172 teleworkers) and Study 2 (a three‐wave study with 282 teleworkers), we found positive associations between age and use of segmenting boundary management tactics during telework. We further identified indirect effects of age on higher productivity in terms of fewer unfinished tasks (both studies) and better work–life balance (Study 2) through boundary management tactics use. Robustness checks indicated that age effects remain significant after controlling for a number of demographic characteristics, work and home demands, motivational factors, and self‐regulatory skills. Findings suggest that older workers effectively navigate the blurred work‐nonwork boundaries in home‐based telework using self‐regulatory behaviour that supports positive telework outcomes.

The Pervasive Threat of Fake News and Disinformation in the Digital Age: Challenges and Solutions

In the dynamic landscape of the digital age, the proliferation of fake news and disinformation has emerged as a critical concern, casting a shadow over the foundations of public opinion and eroding trust in journalism. This short communication explores the intricate role that media plays in the dissemination of fake news, highlighting the far-reaching consequences on public perception and the integrity of journalistic practices. It delves into the definition and mechanisms of fake news, examining its propagation through social media algorithms, echo chambers, rapid dissemination, and manipulation tactics. The paper also discusses the role of both traditional media and online platforms in amplifying fake news and analyzes its consequences on public opinion, democracy, and public health. Furthermore, it explores challenges in countering fake news, including the volume and speed of information, evolving tactics of disinformation, algorithmic challenges, and ethical considerations in content moderation. Finally, the paper presents solutions and recommendations to mitigate the impact of fake news, including enhancing media literacy, promoting responsible journalism practices, implementing effective fact-checking mechanisms, leveraging technology, and advocating for regulatory measures. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts across sectors to address the challenges posed by fake news and disinformation in the digital era.

MALAYSIA’S INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY IN THE MEDIA: DECONSTRUCTING THE RHETORIC OF OTHERING IN DISCOURSE

Media possess the ultimate power to shape cognition of the society and plays a fundamental role in the (re)production of elements of biasness and discrimination in contemporary society. In the field of ethnic affair, the news media become the most important source of access to information concerning the indigenous community. In this context, the study aims to unravel the projection of Malaysian indigenous community; the Orang Asli in a selected news media through the application of van Dijk’s Theory of Semantic Macrostructure. Attention is paid to the deployment of rhetorical structures and how these structures scrutinised in structuring and shaping the minds of the general public concerning the Orang Asli community. Findings reveal the hidden ideology beneath the tactical use of rhetorical structures whereby the dominant and the elites are shown to be maintaining their power while the Orang Asli community are contrasted with perpetuated stereotypes and prejudice in various degrees. The study concludes that the community is commonly viewed through unconstructive themes such as being dependant and traditional, and this study strongly opposes the blatancy of media while at the same time, calls for a more neutral and subtle representation of the community.

Ensemble Approach Using k-Partitioned Isolation Forests for the Detection of Stock Market Manipulation

Stock market manipulation, defined as any attempt to artificially influence stock prices, poses significant challenges by causing financial losses and eroding investor trust. The prevalent reliance on supervised learning models for detecting such manipulations, while showing promise, faces notable hurdles due to the dearth of labeled data and the inability to recognize novel manipulation tactics beyond those explicitly labeled. This study ventures into addressing these gaps by proposing a novel detection framework aimed at identifying suspicious hourly manipulation blocks through an unsupervised learning approach, thereby circumventing the limitations of data labeling and enhancing the adaptability to emerging manipulation strategies. Our methodology involves the innovative creation of features reflecting the behavior of stocks across various time windows followed by the segmentation of the dataset into k subsets. This setup facilitates the identification of potential manipulation instances via a voting ensemble composed of k isolation forest models, which have been chosen for their efficiency in pinpointing anomalies and their linear computational complexity—attributes that are critical for analyzing vast datasets. Evaluated against eight real stocks known to have undergone manipulation, our approach demonstrated a remarkable capability to identify up to 89% of manipulated blocks, thus significantly outperforming previous methods that do not utilize a voting ensemble. This finding not only surpasses the detection rates reported in prior studies but also underscores the enhanced robustness and adaptability of our unsupervised model in uncovering varied manipulation schemes. Through this research, we contribute to the field by offering a scalable and efficient unsupervised learning strategy for stock manipulation detection, thereby marking a substantial advancement over traditional supervised methods and paving the way for more resilient financial markets.

Cultivating Dependence, Denial, and Self-Blame: A Narrative Review of the use and Effects of Coercive Tactics in Intimate Partner Violence

Cultivating Dependence, Denial, and Self-Blame: A Narrative Review of the use and Effects of Coercive Tactics in Intimate Partner Violence

Leaders pressuring teams and teams engaged in deviance: An examination of leader–team extraversion incongruence

SummaryResearchers have cited the need to account for subordinates in the leadership process, and the leader–team fit paradigm provides a framework for simultaneously considering the characteristics of leaders and those of their subordinate teams. Drawing on extraversion personality theory stipulating extraversion's implications on motivation and communication styles and preferences, we seek to add nuance to the study of a trait that has been widely assumed to exert positive effects in leaders and teams. Integrating theorizing on extraversion and fit, we posit in this research that counterproductive leader and team behaviors will be associated with misfit leader–team pairings in which extraversion incongruence exists (leaders higher in extraversion paired with teams lower in extraversion or leaders lower in extraversion paired with teams higher in extraversion). We test our predictions in a time‐lagged field survey study of leaders and their respective teams in the nuclear power industry, using polynomial regression analyses to find support for hypotheses about the association of leader–team extraversion incongruence and detrimental leader (use of pressure influence tactics) and team (deviance directed at the organization) behaviors. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice on leaders, teams, deviance, and extraversion.

How do people use reappraisal? An investigation of selection frequency and affective outcomes of reappraisal tactics.

Although the effects of different emotion regulation strategies are well-documented, most studies to date have focused on the selection and implementation of broad strategies, while overlooking the selection and implementation of specific tactics to enact those strategies. The present research investigated the strategy of cognitive reappraisal and the differences in selection frequency and affective outcomes that are associated with the implementation of different reappraisal tactics to enact that strategy. Participants completed a laboratory task in which they were instructed to reappraise or not to reappraise negative images and reported on their use of specific reappraisal tactics for every trial. Using established reappraisal tactic coding, we assessed how people selected from among common tactics for each image (Study 1) and all tactics (Study 2) and implemented those tactics to reappraise negative images. We compared reappraisal tactic selection and implementation when used during instructed reappraisal versus during spontaneous reappraisal, in the nonreappraise condition. Results of both studies indicate that tactics were used more often when instructed to reappraise versus when spontaneously reappraising. Participants used some tactics (e.g., reality challenge) more frequently compared to the rest of the tactics in both conditions. Negative affect was lower following instructed versus spontaneous reappraisal. Some tactics (e.g., change current circumstances) were more effective at decreasing negative affect in both conditions. Knowing which reappraisal tactics are most frequently selected, and their affective outcomes when used when prompted or spontaneously, may help us better understand how to improve people's ability to use reappraisal to achieve their emotional goals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal cyst with the disease onset as an anterior perianal abscess: a clinical case

The aim. To analyze the clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with a pilonidal cyst (PC) of the sacrococcygeal area, which manifested as an anterior perianal abscess, and to justify the need for an in-depth differential and diagnostic search in patients with corresponding clinical manifestations of perianal pathology. Description of a clinical case. The article describes a clinical case of successful treatment of a 24-year-old patient with a pilonidal cyst of the sacrococcygeal area and a purulent secondary fistula that mimicked a perianal abscess with an incomplete external fistula of the rectum. Data are given on the step-by-step performance of the diagnostic process and the choice of optimal surgical treatment tactics. Results and discussion. The described clinical case is interesting for specialists and its detailed coverage due to: a) the presented atypical course of PC; b) selected diagnostic tactics; c) the selected method of operative treatment of the patient. The points mentioned above are described in detail in the section, with coverage and visualization of possible alternative options for the patient's diagnosis and the use of various tactics for surgical treatment. Conclusions. Conducting an extended differential diagnostic search using additional instrumental imaging methods is justified in patients with pilonidal disease with an atypical or blurred course. Performing a complete perioperative set of examinations allows for choosing the correct surgical tactics for treating such patients. The use of a full-fledged invasive examination of the perianal area using methods of regional or general anesthesia is reasonably justified in case of suspicion of insufficient informativeness of clinical-instrumental, laboratory, and imaging methods of examination

Стратагемно-тактическое варьирование в конфликтогенном сетевом дискурсе: глокализация ценностного пространства

This article offers an examination of the use of conflictogenic communication tactics as well as the situational determination of their implementation in comments posted in social networks in the Republic of Dagestan (Russia) and in the Stavropol Region (Russia). The authors employ contextual and semantic analysis to identify conflictogens as units of hostility language and pejoratives; discourse and modus analysis is used to identify the most common and effective communication tactics. Speech techniques are identified that implement a strategy of negative positioning of socio-cultural identity foundations, and provoking ethnic and confessional conflicts. The main conditions for the development and spread of a conflictogenic network discourse include depersonalization, prompt presentation and circulation of information, openness to information supply, as well as a high degree of speech expression. The conflictogenic topics in both regions under consideration demonstrate the maximum ethno-confessional determination. In both regions, there is an obvious prevalence of communication tactics of separation and negative presentation. Negative points of view were expressed through pejoratives, ethnopholisms and obscene vocabulary. The tactics of appeal and conflict mobilization were employed on a less frequent basis, whereas the mechanism behind their implementation mostly involved hints. The modification of value settings in some cases leads to a radical change in the positivization and negativization poles of nuclear global axiologems through the process of discursive territorial and topical determination of content. The analysis of the empirical material helped detect statements containing invitations – both implicit and explicit: appeals, slogans, commitative constructions, etc. The social networks in the modern media space are getting effective in conflict mobilization, offering more and more ways to use conflictogenic communication tactics, to produce and circulate destructive contents.

Comparative analysis of knowledge and management practices of insect pests of maize among IPM adopters and non-adopters in Sindhupalchok, Nepal

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a decision-based approach that involves optimizing the pest population below the economic threshold by the coordinated use of multiple tactics in an economically and environmentally sound manner. The adoption of IPM in farming practices prevents long-term pest damage by combining biological control, modification of cultural practices, habitual manipulation, and use of resistant varieties. In Nepal, mostly in hilly regions, haphazard chemical pesticide application has inevitable effects on human health, the environment, and the ecosystem. The haphazard chemical pesticide application in Sindhupalchok, Nepal originated mostly due to a knowledge gap in the identification of the stages of the lifecycle of pests, and the distinction between beneficial and harmful insects. To compare the effectiveness of management practices between IPM adopters and non-adopters this study was framed for six months in Sangachokgadi municipality, Sindhupalchok, Nepal. The knowledge gap among the maize growers in Sindhupalchok was assessed using both primary and secondary data collection methods. For primary data collection a comprehensive and structured questionnaire, face-to-face interview, phone call interview, and Key Informant Interview was conducted. Similarly, secondary data was collected from various articles and publications from Maize Zone, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), and National Maize Research Program (NMRP). The collected data were then analyzed (descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and indexing) by using computer software packages i.e., Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26, and Microsoft Excel 2010. The analyzed data revealed maize growers adopting IPM practices for crop management are known to have significantly better knowledge of the life cycle of pests, were able to distinguish between beneficial and harmful insects, and had knowledge of appropriate fertilizer doses. Further, the findings revealed IPM adopters had better knowledge of chemical pesticide handling which could minimize the chemical hazards among the farmers.

Class, race, and Power: rethinking class reductionism in the study of the 1922 Chicago and Northwestern Railway Strike in Milwaukee

ABSTRACT The summer of 1922 was characterized by disturbing acts of violence when a group of over 100 armed White men attacked Black workers brought in as strikebreakers during the Chicago and Northwestern Railway strike in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This incident was representative of the racial tensions that resulted from the Great Migration, the upsurge of racial tensions all over the United States, and the interconnection between race and labor in the early 20th century. Milwaukee, under the socialist leadership of Daniel Webster Hoan, became a flashpoint for these tensions. The attempts of Hoan to mediate between White strikers and Black workers as the Ku Klux Klan activities became more rampant illustrate the complexities in dealing with the racial and labor realities of the time. The use of Black workers as strikebreakers not only augmented racial animosities but also exposed the tactical use of racial controversies within labor conflicts. This event is an example of the myth of class reductionism and the use of racial differences to undermine labor solidarity.

The Effect of Agility Balance and Coordination Warm-Up on Children’s Tennis Performance

Background and Aims: Tennis is also a sophisticated action, intense confrontation, technical and tactical use of complex and varied network antagonistic sport, on physical and mental intelligence aspects of the higher requirements, emphasizing skills and physical dominance. The purpose of this study is to select 40 male children aged 6-10 years old from a tennis club in Xi'an for a group experiment based on the selection conditions of age, height, weight, training time no more than 6 months, and training twice a week, and to find out the theoretical basis of agility, balance, and coordination intervention training on the improvement of children's tennis hitting ability. Materials and Methods: This study adopts the literature method, expert interview method, experiment method, and mathematical statistics method. Five expert professors were interviewed, and the validity of expert interviews and experimental results was measured by IOC, t-test, and other data. Through 8 weeks of agility, balance, and coordination training in the experimental group and the control group, and 90 minutes of intervention training twice a week, it is concluded that the experimental group and the control group have significant differences, and the experimental group has significantly improved its ability in batting and other aspects. Results: The results showed that: (1) 8-week agility, balance, and coordination intervention training applied in the warm-up part significantly improved the agility, balance, and coordination ability of children's tennis in the experimental group, and the intervention program was feasible to improve the agility, balance and coordination ability of children's tennis students in the interest class. (2) After 8 weeks of agility, balance, and coordination training, the number of goals scored by the students in the experimental group in the scoring area of 1, 2, and 3 points of forehand stroke showed a significant difference compared with before training, while the difference was only significant in the scoring area of 1 point of the backhand stroke. It shows that 8 weeks of agility, balance, and coordination training can improve the stability and accuracy of forehand strokes more obviously. Conclusion: (1) Stability and accuracy are based on good agility, balance, and coordination. Agility, balance, and coordination can improve the accuracy and stability of forehand and backhand in tennis training for children. (2) 6-10 years old is the best period for children to conduct agility, balance, and coordination intervention training, so strengthening agility, balance, and coordination training in tennis warm-up training can not only improve the stability and accuracy of children's tennis shots but also increase children's interest and concentration.

Aesthetic Verdicts

This article examines the landmark 1878 defamation case of Whistler v Ruskin, a pivotal legal battle that underscored the complexities of adjudicating art criticism under defamation law. The trial arose from John Ruskin’s scathing critique of James McNeill Whistler’s work, which led Whistler to sue for libel, seeking validation not just of his art but of his artistic philosophy. Despite the public fascination and Whistler’s tactical use of the trial as a platform for self-promotion, the jury’s award—a derisory farthing—hinted at their view of the lawsuit as frivolous. This case emphasizes the intrinsic challenge of legal systems grappling with subjective art valuation and critiques, the evolving norms of defamation, and the implications for the freedom of speech. While Whistler nominally won, the repercussions for both men were significant, affecting their finances, reputations and positions within the art world, and the trial’s legacy continues to inform the discourse around art, law and cultural value. Keywords: James McNeill Whistler; John Ruskin; Victorian libel law; defamation; art criticism; aesthetics; 19th-century British art; fair comment.

Silahlı İnsansız Hava Araçları İçin Namlu Mekanizması Analizi

Silahlı insansız hava araçlarının ve bu araçların gelecekteki farklı nesillerinin tasarım ve imalatına vizyonlu bir bakış açısı sunacak bu çalışmada; özel kuvvetler ve askeri taktik kullanım alanına uygun, mini insansız hava aracı konsept tasarımı yapılmıştır. Söz konusu araç; yatay, dikey ve ara açılarda atış yapabilen, hedefi hareket halinde takip eden, nişan alıp ateşleme yapabilen bir silah sistemine sahip taktik silahlı insansız hava aracıdır (SİHA). Tasarımın, silah sistemine ait matematiksel modellemesi karmaşık sayılar kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan matematiksel modelleme bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen parametrik veriler, bilgisayar ortamında yapılan simülasyonlar ile doğrulanmıştır.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЛИДЕРСТВОМ И СОВРЕМЕННыЙ ПРОФИЛь КЛЮЧЕВых КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ РУКОВОДИТЕЛЯ

This article examines trends in reorientation in the management system from the position of managing the company’s development strategy to shorter-term, operational management, the characteristic feature of which is survival in the market and stabilization of the company’s existing position. The scale of geopolitical influence and economic changes, the situation with the demographic crisis, social infrastructure, constant technological innovations, and the latest forms of interaction between organizations and employees force a significant change in the composition of the competencies that the top management of organizations and their management teams should have. The profile of modern key competencies of the top management of the organization can be characterized as anti-crisis with the use of tactics in which the dominant position is occupied by orientation to the final result. To form a profile of competencies and find their necessary balance in the future, with a perspective for the coming years, the following clusters are considered: tasks, strategy, personality, leadership. The article describes in detail the constituent characteristics of each cluster.