Management Tactics Research Articles

Establishing an IPM System for Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in North Carolina

Prior to 2010, Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois was a minor pest in North Carolina cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., but became one of the top pests by 2017. This insect was already a persistent pest in other US cotton-producing regions. Initial work focused on addressing near-term management needs and documenting locally relevant ecology and population dynamics of the pest in North Carolina. Landscape factors were found that correlated with tarnished plant bug incidence. Adult numbers tended to be higher in fragmented fields (more field edges) and nymph numbers were higher near field edges. The minimum required sample for estimating tarnished plant bug populations was studied. Thresholds developed in the Midsouth were proven to be useful in a study between both southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. Furthermore, an insecticide application sequence was recommended based on efficacy trials, number of expected insecticides, and preserving beneficial insects early in the season. These were evaluated in a study investigating IPM systems approaches. Finally, new management tactics for tarnished plant bug, such as ThryvOn cotton, are being evaluated. As new management strategies and tactics are developed, they will need to be evaluated for their fit in this IPM system.

Preventative insecticides reduce seedling injury, but do not increase yield in Bt and non-Bt corn grown in the mid-Atlantic.

Field corn production systems rely on preventative insect management tactics, including hybrids expressing plant-incorporated protectants that are treated with neonicotinoid seed treatments and sometimes in-furrow pyrethroids. While effective seedling pest control can be crucial because of the cost of replanting, these treatments target many of the same pests and may add unnecessary costs for growers. Furthermore, seedling pests in the Mid-Atlantic tend to be sporadic, and preventative insecticides may negatively impact natural enemies. To better understand the value of common preventative tactics, we evaluated pest pressure and compared a neonicotinoid seed treatment (clothianidin) and an in-furrow pyrethroid (bifenthrin) in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bt corn hybrids. In Bt hybrids, the in-furrow pyrethroid did not decrease pest injury, increase stand, or increase yield, while the neonicotinoid seed treatment decreased pest injury and increased stand but did not increase yield. In a non-Bt hybrid, both insecticides decreased pest injury, but neither increased stand or yield. Above- and below-ground pest injury was scarce throughout the study, but even in the site-year with the most extensive injury, insecticides did not result in yield gains. Implementing efficient economically and environmentally sustainable corn pest management requires a thorough understanding of the contributions of each component of the pest control system. By thoroughly exploring pest pressure in Bt and non-Bt systems, this study shows that preventative insecticide use could be scaled back in many cases, especially given the environmental and economic costs associated with them. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Features of the management tactics of a patient with menopausal metabolic syndrome

The aim of the study was to study the features of the management tactics of a patient with menopausal metabolic syndrome. We examined the results of the examination and treatment of patient M, 55 years old, diagnosed with grade 1 obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2). Impaired glucose tolerance. Dyslipidemia. Menopausal syndrome. Arterial hypertension 1 st degree. The patient was recommended moderate physical activity, with calorie restriction up to 1400 kcal, and a hypocholesterolemic diet. A drug was prescribed, which is a combination of estradiol 1.0 mg with drosperinone 2.0 mg, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 5 mg per day, orlistat with an improved safety profile 120 mg 3 times a day after meals, metformin 1000 mg. The complex treatment was carried out for 6 months with a follow-up examination after 6 months. The patient’s hot flashes stopped, sleep returned to normal, night sweats and headache did not bother her. After 6 months, the weight decreased to the initial body weight. The body mass index after 6 months was 25 kg/m2, which is the norm. The waist circumference after 6 months was 74 cm. Blood pressure stably corresponded to 120/70 mm Hg. Taking antihypertensive drugs was not required. Total cholesterol after 6 months was 4.8 mmol/l. The patient was recommended to continue treatment with subsequent examination annually. Thus, menopausal metabolic syndrome can be considered as one of the variants of the manifestation of menopausal syndrome, which requires an integrated approach to diagnosis and therapy. Individually selected menopausal hormone therapy, being an effective means of relieving the manifestations of menopausal syndrome, also contributes to a positive effect on the components of the metabolic syndrome in this age period. This clinical case demonstrates the need for an individual integrated approach to the management of patients of this age period, with the inclusion of MGT drug, which most effectively has a therapeutic effect due to its pharmacological characteristics.

A follow-up approach to manage tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia in Ebstein’s anomaly patient

Background: Ebstein’s Anomaly (EA) is a rare heart defect that can cause a number of problems, including arrhythmias. They exhibit a greater rate of recurrence compared to those with normal hearts. High-definition (HD) mapping and three-dimensional (3D) ablation are new techniques that may be suboptimal, attributed to anatomical characteristics. The management tactics employed may necessitate modification in accordance with personal traits. Case Report: A 37-year-old male presented with intermittent palpitations over years. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is changing overtime such as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Echocardiography shown typical features of EA. During ablation, multiple atrial tachycardias were induced. Throughout the observation period, the patient exhibited complications related to several arrhythmia recurrence. In the end he suffered from total atrioventricular block (TAVB), leading to the decision to undergo a permanent pacemaker procedure. We postulated that specific characteristics of the right atrioventricular groove structure observed in pathological samples of EA could explain less than ideal results in ablation procedures. Conclusion: Managing arrhythmia in EA could be challenging. A prominent ridge alongside the lower atrioventricular groove is a typical characteristic in EA, and is associated with the clinical background of accessory pathways (AP). Understanding this anatomical aspect is important for electrophysiologists who work with this group of patients, since their management approaches may need to be adjusted. Keywords: Ebstein’s Anomaly, Arrhythmia, Accessory Pathway, Catheter Ablation, Personalized Management

Reproductive outcomes after different treatment and secondary prevention options for Asherman syndrome

Asherman syndrome is characterized by the appearance of clinical symptoms of pain syndrome, as well as menstrual and reproductive dysfunction, which develop as a result of obliteration of the uterine cavity and/or cervical canal by connective tissue synechiae. It is believed that the leading cause of Asherman syndrome is mechanical damage to the basal layer of the endometrium due to intrauterine interventions performed during pregnancy, the postpartum period, or in the detection of uterine cavity pathologies. They lead to impaired cervico-uterine-tubal sperm transport, fibrotic changes in the endometrium, and resistance to hormonal stimulation. The primary surgical treatment for Asherman syndrome is hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. It is known that this type of surgical intervention is associated with high risks of synechiae reformation, complicated course of gestation and unsatisfactory reproductive outcomes. For this reason, in the postoperative period, it is advisable to carry out preventive measures aimed at restoring female reproductive function. Most of the currently available methods of secondary prevention have no effect on the pregnancy rate and live birth rate. Low efficacy of the complex therapy creates a need to search for new alternative approaches to the treatment of Asherman syndrome and to develop tactics for postoperative management of patients. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells is of particular interest. This literature review examines the relationship between various treatment and secondary prevention options for Asherman syndrome and their impact on improving reproductive outcomes.

A case of differential diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder and sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy

Aim. To describe a clinical case of differential diagnostics of motor phenomena during sleep. Materials and methods. Patient B., 37 years old. Visit to a somnologist at the University Clinic. Complaints were mainly made by the patient’s wife, since the patient himself does not remember these episodes. According to the wife, sudden sweeping movements of the arms and legs, incoherent speech are noted during sleep, then the patient gets up, can grab his hands, behaves aggressively, shifts things. These complaints have been noted for more than 10 years, with a gradual worsening of symptoms. A neurologist at the place of residence suggested a possible epileptic nature of these episodes,but no further examination was carried out. Results. From a semiological point of view, motor phenomena during sleep can imitate epileptic seizures, parasomnias, rapid eye movement behavior disorders, and normal sleep motor phenomena such as fragmentary sleep myoclonus, periodic limb movements, bruxism, etc. A differential diagnostic search is provided, a comparative characteristic of motor phenomena during sleep and wakefulness is given, as well as a scale of frontal epilepsy and parasomnia, which can help the doctor in making the correct diagnosis. Conclusion. Conducting a comprehensive examination of the patient and clarifying the clinical diagnosis made it possible to choose the correct management tactics, avoid unjustified prescription of antiepileptic drugs, and reduce emotional stress in the family due to the ambiguity of the manifestations of night motor phenomena. The established clinical diagnosis allows monitoring the patient in terms of the possible debut of a neurodegenerative disease.

Mental disorders in patients with cystic fibrosis

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that leads to dysfunction of internal organs and significantly increases the risk of respiratory infections. According to the N. P. Bochkov Medical and Genetic Research Center, 1 out of 9,000 newborns suffers from CF. Chronic disease has a negative impact on mental health and can contribute to the developmentof anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as accentuated traits and personality disorders. Aim. To summarize the currently available data on mental disorders in patients with CF, as well as to summarize current recommendations regarding the management of patients with this disease. Materials and methods. Articles were searched in Google Scholar databases, eLIBRARY.ru, Elsevier, PubMed from 2014 to 2024 by key words in Russian and English in accordance with the purpose of the study. Results. It has been established that mental health problems are associated with worse compliance to the treatment, as well as difficulties with self-organization and self-care. Some hypotheses that explain the pathogenesis of mental disorders have been provided. The key characteristics of course and clinical presentation of mental disorders in this group of patients have been described. Some potential recommendations for the treatment are provided, taking into the account the specificities of the metabolism of psychotropic drugs in people with CF. The tactics of management, including the creation of a multidisciplinary team that would consist of a doctor of somatic profile, psychiatrist and a psychologist. A strategy for development of this aspect of medical care for patients with CF has also been proposed. Conclusion. Drawing the attention of the scientific community to the problem of mental disorders in patients with CF will allow the introduction of methods for monitoring mental status and early detection of symptoms, and will also entail the creation of multidisciplinary teams, including a psychiatrist and a medical psychologist.

Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Quality and Cotton–Maize System Yield in Semi-Arid India

Intensive agriculture is the chief cause of soil degradation, particularly in regions with low soil organic carbon status, such as semi-arid southern India. In the quest to attain sustainable yield and improved soil quality, conservation agriculture (CA) is being advocated and adopted globally, including in India. In this experiment, CA was implemented to investigate the synergistic impacts of tillage and weed management on soil quality index and system yield and to identify a remunerative treatment combination that can sustain system yield and enhance soil quality. Contrasting tillage practices (main plots) included the T1: conventional tillage with cotton–conventional tillage with maize–fallow, i.e., no Sesbania rostrata (Farmers’ practice), T2: conventional tillage with cotton–zero tillage with maize–zero tillage with Sesbania rostrata and T3: zero tillage with cotton + Sesbania rostrata residues–zero tillage with maize + cotton residues–zero tillage with Sesbania rostrata + maize stubbles. Weed management tactics (sub-plots) were W1: chemical weed control, W2: herbicide rotation, W3: integrated weed management and W4: single hand-weeded control in a split-plot design with cotton–maize–Sesbania cropping system over 3 years, in a split-plot design. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the soil quality index (SQI)-CAL Version 1.0 software tool to extract minimum datasets from measured soil properties. A total of 40 soil variables were analyzed at 60 DAS and after the maize harvest, then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and subjected to PCA in soil quality index (SQI)-CAL software as to choose variables, minimum dataset and obtain soil quality index. The following soil properties, soil organic carbon (SOC), silt fraction, available soil zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), were selected as indicators based on correlations, calculated PCA and adept opinions on texture and lime concretions of experimental soil. The soil quality index improved by 23.34% in the T3W4 compared to T1W1. The system yield was 51.79% higher with the adoption of T3W3 compared to T3W4 combinations. Therefore, considering both system yield and soil quality index, T3 and W3 were remunerative and the best treatment combination among all others to sustain both soil and crop productivity in this region.

Molecular-genetic studies in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

The issues of optimizing the management of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori have remained relevant in clinical therapy and gastroenterology for many years. This is due both to the high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Russia: depending on the region, it is 35–60 %, and to the potential carcinogenicity of the microorganism in relation to the development of stomach cancer. According to clinical recommendations, when conducting an endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, a rapid urease test with a biopsy from the antrum and the body of the stomach or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a biopsy of the stomach may be recommended as a method of primary diagnosis of infection. Enhanced molecular genetic typing of the microbe can increase the effectiveness of diagnosis, with the identification of several genes encoding the synthesis of pathogenicity factors H. pylori, as well as the analysis of microbial resistance to antibiotics (detection of genes encoding mutations associated with microbial resistance). Thanks to a set of studies that include not only verification of the pathogen, but also molecular genetic typing of infection by PCR, it is possible to significantly optimize the management tactics of patients infected with H. pylori and provide a personalized approach to antihelicobacter therapy depending on the virulence and resistance of the strain of the pathogen with which a person is infected. The relevance and breadth of the use of full-genome H. pylori sequencing is increasing, however, this study is not used in routine medical practice, including due to the high cost.

Clinical and prognostic significance of determining the Tei-index in patients with HIV infection

Clarification of the presence of diastolic dysfunction, as a possible onset of chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved LV ejection fraction, is strategic in determining the management tactics and prognosis of patients with HIV infection. It is known that chronic heart failure in HIV-infected people develops in 16–54 % of cases, accompanying the development of multiple pathologies of the myocardium and endothelium [1]. Currently, modern ultrasound equipment, if equipped with a speckle tracking option, provides ample opportunities for diagnosing CHF with preserved ejection fraction, however, this technology is not yet available in all medical institutions, so it is necessary to search for other opportunities for accurate diagnosis of CHF with preserved ejection fraction ejectionThe purpose of this work was to substantiate the use of the Tei index as an optimal and accessible indicator for diagnosing diastolic dysfunction and CHF in people with HIV infection. In a large hospital, a group of 240 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was studied over a period of four years. The study was of a one-stage, screening, clinical nature. The Tei index is also found in the literature under the name “myocardial performance index” [2]. The clinical significance of determining the Tei index in determining diastolic dysfunction in patients with HIV infection is higher than the ratio E/e’≥13, which makes this indicator recommended for echocardiography in this cohort of patients as an early marker of diastolic dysfunction and CHF.In HIV-infected patients, an increase in the Tei index of more than 0.41 is associated with the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, hypertrophy, increased volume of the left atrium, pulmonary arterial hypertension, anemia and chronic kidney disease. In patients with HIV infection, with an increase in the Tei Index ≥0.41, the likelihood of developing CHF increases 10.6 times, severe CHF with NT-proBNP≥1500 pg/ml increases 8 times, anemia increases 5.75 times, 3.73 times – coronary artery disease, 3.09 times – chronic kidney disease; 2.86 times for ventricular arrhythmias and 2.29 times for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Challenges in diagnosing pheochromocytoma in a patient with a long-term hypertension

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that produces catecholamines. Despite the obvious clinical manifestations, there are difficulties in diagnosing it, since the classic symptoms are not always found or may not be obvious. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with pheochromocytoma and a history of hypertension. The pathogenesis and diagnostic features are described, as well as clinical characteristics indicating secondary arterial hypertension. The morphological picture, management tactics of the patient and his condition in the postoperative period are demonstrated.

Profile of the southern corn billbug, Sphenophorus callosus Oliver, an important pest of corn in eastern North Carolina

Abstract Southern corn billbug Sphenophorus callosus Oliver, was a historically widespread and damaging pest throughout the southeastern United States. However, it only persists as a major problem in poorly drained corn production areas in eastern North Carolina. Unfortunately, little replicated research has been conducted on this insect in corn since the 1980s. The purpose of this profile is to provide a current, comprehensive resource on the biology and ecology of this pest relative to corn, as well as to provide a description of sampling and management methods. This is a univoltine insect with a narrow host range. The only known cultivated host it will reproduce on is corn, Zea mays L., and yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. Injury and damage to corn can be caused by adult feeding on seedlings, or by larval development in the crown. The most effective management tactics for southern corn billbug are cultural management tactics, including crop rotation, tillage, proper fertility, drainage, and effective weed control. Neonicotinoid seed treatments are the most important management tactic for this pest, but their efficacy is declining. Hence, this pest may become more problematic across the southeastern United States. A significant portion of the biological research on this insect needs to be revisited within the context of modern corn production practices. Furthermore, more work should be done to understand the mechanisms for effective cultural management tactics. Finally, novel methods of management should be explored for this insect to expand the range of available management tactics.

MyIPM smartphone applications—tools to increase adoption of integrated pest management

Abstract Global agricultural productivity faces significant challenges due to pest-related crop losses, and while integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to mitigate pest risks, it is also inherently complex, which limits its implementation and adoption by farmers and pest management professionals. This article provides an overview of the MyIPM series of smartphone applications (apps), designed to facilitate IPM adoption by providing comprehensive pest management recommendations, covering diseases, arthropods, and weeds for multiple US commodities. Key features of the apps include high-resolution images for accurate pest identification, non-chemical integrated management information, detailed life cycle and epidemiology information, a pesticide search bar, and interactive tables allowing active ingredients and trade names to be sorted by multiple characteristics, including modes of action for easier implementation of resistance management tactics. The MyIPM apps complement traditional Extension outreach methods, offering portable access to a wealth of pest management information. In addition, the article highlights 3 practical examples—managing blossom blight and brown rot of peach caused by Monilinia sp.; addressing sugarcane aphids, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald), in grain sorghum; and managing urban pests in Hawaii and postharvest quarantine of Hawaiian crops for export—demonstrating how the MyIPM apps streamline IPM decision-making for a diverse group of farmers and pest management professionals. Overall, the MyIPM series of apps provides a valuable tool for modern agriculture, offering users a wealth of IPM knowledge at their fingertips, and supporting the adoption of more sustainable and effective practices.

Navigating Crises: The Strategic Role of CSR in Crisis Management and Mitigation

Organizations face a wide range of crises in the unstable business climate of today, from public relations scandals to natural calamities. Despite these difficulties, companies can use “corporate social responsibility (CSR)” as a strategy to manage and lessen the effects of crises. Thus, the study examined the strategic role of CSR in crisis management and mitigation. The primary data was acquired through a structured questionnaire from 200 respondents (executives). Respondents were selected by utilizing a purposive sampling technique and Excel and SPSS 26 were utilized for data analysis. Statistical tools such as paired sample regression and correlation were used. The results demonstrated that CSR engagement and long-term organizational sustainability following crisis events have a substantial correlation. Moreover, it has been found that CSR initiatives positively influence crisis management and mitigation strategies in organizations, and Community support significantly enhances CSR-driven crisis management strategies. Finally, it has been concluded that by integrating CSR strategies with crisis management tactics, businesses may show their dedication to moral behavior, social responsibility, and sustainability, which eventually helps organizations mitigate and manage crises more successfully. The study could motivate organizations, policymakers, and management to include CSR in their business practices and company culture to promote flexibility and resilience, which can assist them in dealing with crises more skillfully.

Identifying subgroups of teacher burnout in elementary and secondary schools: the effects of teacher experience, age and gender.

Teacher burnout is a serious problem that requires quick attention and management since it not only compromises educational quality but also strains schools' financial resources. The purpose of the present study was to profile burnout indicators for teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A secondary goal was to evaluate the consistency of burnout profiles between elementary and secondary school teachers. Participants were 703 teachers who participated in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 2019) and were part of the measurement in Saudi Arabia and participated in this study. A series of nested latent class models were run using 1-6 classes to identify an optimal number of interpretable subgroups (latent classes) that best describe the latent construct of teacher burnout in the elementary and high school setting. The most important finding was that more than one-third of the teachers reported high levels of burnout irrespective of education level or gender. Furthermore, teachers' experience and age were positive predictors of burnout with older teachers having significantly elevated levels of burnout. Gender on the other hand did not play a significant moderating role in teachers' levels of burnout. Reducing the number of students in each class, reorganizing the administrative work that has to be done, adding more support personnel to classrooms, and increasing time management skills and tactics via professional development programs are all potential solutions that might help alleviate the problem of teacher burnout.

Business Groups after Incidents of Wrongdoing: Exploring the Effectiveness of Differentiated Versus Aligned Impression Management Tactics

AbstractWe use attribution theory to understand how people evaluate a company when another company in the same business network does something wrong. In studying business groups, we find that when one company affiliated with a group commits wrongdoing, the strategies used by other affiliated companies to manage how they are evaluated are only effective when they use tactics that differ from those used by the deviant firm. Specifically, results from three experimental studies suggest that affiliated firms should use differentiated technical and ceremonial impression management tactics to help evaluators distinguish between innocent and deviant companies. Our findings also reveal the conditions for such successful differentiation, demonstrating that it is particularly effective when companies have a history of wrongdoing but can backfire if external stakeholders become aware that these actions are intentionally coordinated. Our findings provide novel insights into the impression management literature by exploring the dynamic interplay between the impression management strategies of connected but noncompeting organizations. We also contribute to the business group literature by revealing the delicacy of coordinating affiliates.

Advanced management tactics for high-risk pregnant women with moderate novel coronavirus infection COVID-19

Advanced management tactics for high-risk pregnant women with moderate novel coronavirus infection COVID-19

Establishing best practices for insect resistance management: a new paradigm for genetically engineered toxins in cotton expressing Mpp51Aa2.

Debate over resistance management tactics for genetically engineered (GE) crops expressing insecticidal toxins is not new. For several decades, researchers, regulators, and agricultural industry scientists have developed strategies to limit the evolution of resistance in populations of lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. A key attribute of many of these events was insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies designed around a presumed high-dose expression sufficient to kill 99.5% of exposed larvae for some of the main target pests in corn, Zea mays L. and cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. In contrast, other target pests did not meet this high-dose criterion. Similarly, the recent release of ThryvOn cotton that expresses thysanopteran and hemipteran active Mpp51Aa2.834_16 toxin is not high dose, working on a combination of behavioral and sublethal effects to suppress populations. This unique mode of control has generated considerable uncertainty about what IRM strategies will be most effective to limit field-evolved resistance to this unique spectrum of pests. The goal of this manuscript is to present several knowledge gaps that exist in proposed Mpp51Aa2 IRM plans, focusing on its activity on thrips, Frankliniella spp. Addressing these gaps will be crucial to limit resistance and preserve the benefits that this technology may provide by alleviating reliance on conventional insecticides and seed treatments. Broadly, these considerations will be important for future GE events that are non-high dose but remain valuable components of a more holistic insect management programs that integrate multiple tactics to reduce conventional insecticide use for challenging pests.

Advancing Early Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Model using Improved Beluga Whale Optimization with Ensemble Learning via ECG Signal Analytics

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) mainly affects the blood vessels and heart such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. Early recognition is vital for on-time intervention and enhanced patient results. CVD is a major issue in society nowadays. When compared to the non-invasive model, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most effective approach for identifying cardiac defects. However, ECG analysis needs an experienced person with high knowledge and basically, it is a time-consuming task. Emerging a new technique to identify the disease at an early stage increases the quality and efficacy of medicinal care. A state-of-the-art technologies like machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have been gradually being used to increase the efficacy and accuracy of CVD recognition, permitting for faster and more exact analysis, and finally contributing to superior management and prevention tactics for CV health. This research paper designs an Early Cardiovascular Disease Prediction using an Improved Beluga Whale Optimizer with Ensemble Learning (ECVDP-IBWOEL) approach via ECG Signal Analytics. The main intention of the ECVDP-IBWOEL system is to forecast the presence of CVD at the early stage using EEG signals. In the ECVDP-IBWOEL method, the primary phase of data preprocessing is initially implemented to convert the input data into a well-suited layout. Also, the ECVDP-IBWOEL technique follows an ensemble learning (EL) process for CVD detection comprising three models namely long short-term memory (LSTM), deep belief networks (DBNs), and stacked autoencoder (SAE). Finally, the IBWO algorithm-based hyperparameter tuning process takes place which can boost the classifier results of the ensemble models. To certify the enhanced results of the ECVDP-IBWOEL system, an extensive experimental study is made. The experimentation outcomes stated that the ECVDP-IBWOEL system underlines promising performance in the CVD prediction process

Auxin injury on cotton, II: Effects on yield components

AbstractAuxin‐tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) cultivars are the latest tools producers use to combat herbicide‐resistant weed species during the growing season. The widespread implementation of auxin‐tolerant crops has led to an increase in in‐season applications of auxins. Auxin drift has subsequently become a more prominent issue in the agricultural industry and causes producers to shift management tactics. Yield partitioning research based on auxin application timing has been conducted, but more information is needed concerning application rate and the interaction between application rate and timing. Experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Grand Junction, TN, to determine the effects of synthetic auxin exposure on boll positioning, development, and production. Applications of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) or dicamba were made to cotton cultivars of the opposite technology at either matchhead square or 2 weeks after first bloom (FB + 2WK). Nontreated experimental plots were also included. More severe impacts on overall lint yield, yield partitioning, and yield components were observed following exposure to 2,4‐D than dicamba. Application rate and timing also impacted yield components and partitioning. Exposure to 2,4‐D during vegetative growth caused increased partitioning to vegetative and aborted fruiting positions but decreased partitioning to position 1, zone 2 (nodes 9 through 12), and zone 3 (nodes 13 and above) as application rate increased. Exposure to these rates at FB + 2WK did not impact yield partitioning. Environmental conditions following applications of 2,4‐D or dicamba play an important role in the recovery and growth of cotton and subsequent yield penalties.