Tabriz Metropolis Research Articles

Performance evaluation of motorlance in the Pre-hospital Emergency System of Tabriz City 2018-2021

Background. Studies have shown that the application of motorcycles in the pre-hospital emergency services in an urban environment improves the time index and the quality of services. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of the services provided by motorlance in the Tabriz metropolis between 2018-2021. Methods. In this cross-sectional study conducted in the Tabriz pre-hospital emergency center, the recorded data about the patients using motorlance between 2018-2021 were collected and examined. The collected variables included the age, sex, chief complaint of the patients, vital signs of the patients, and final result of the mission in the pre-hospital setting. Two important indices of reaction time and response time in all the missions were evaluated. Results. A total of 9866 motorlance missions were completed during the study period. The mean reaction time was 68.24±62.91 seconds, and the mean response time was 641.70±304.48 seconds. Examination of the patients' chief complaint revealed that the lowest reaction time was for patients with abdominal pain (mean 44.90), and the lowest response time was for patients with cardiopulmonary arrest (mean 550.52). Conclusion. It was concluded that the timing indicators of motorlance missions were within the acceptable range for ambulances. Practical Implications. It was found necessary to increase the number of motorlance in metropolitan cities and employ experienced and knowledgeable personnel in motorlance in order to improve the existing situation and the quality of services.

A closer look at depression and sleep quality relation: A cross-sectional study of taxi drivers in Tabriz metropolis.

Taxi drivers play a significant role in urban mobility and safety as professional drivers. They typically have poor incomes, long work hours, lack of sleep, and high levels of stress, which increase the risk of physical and mental illnesses. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between sleep disorders and depression among Tabriz metropolis taxi drivers. Using the street intercept technique, a cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 402 taxi drivers in Tabriz during January and March 2020. Data collection tools included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Patient Health Questionnaire as well as demographic information. Twenty taxi stops were used as sampling sites, and the method used was random sampling based on the number of drivers at each stop. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 13. The majority of drivers worked an average of 6 days each week, with a mean tenure of 13.3 years. The sleep quality mean score for drivers was 5 (SD = 2.3). Approximately, 21% of them had sleep disorder (PSQI >6). Moderate depression was recognized in 13% of drivers and moderately severe depression has been found in 5% of them. Drivers were more likely to experience sleep disorders if they had mild (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9), moderate (OR = 16.4), or fairly severe depression symptoms (OR = 35.3). A seven times higher risk of depression was identified among drivers with sleep disorders. It might be contended that a mutual relationship has been found between sleep disorders and depression, and disregarding this will deteriorate sleep turbulences. Considering the pivotal role of taxi drivers in urban mobility, accommodating initiatives that give a break time for drivers and improve their mental health is recommended.

Estimating the slip rate in the North Tabriz Fault using focal mechanism data and GPS velocity field

Abstract This study delves into slip distribution on the North Tabriz Fault (NTF), a critical aspect of seismic hazard analysis due to its proximity to the Tabriz metropolis. The study operates within a uniform elastic half-space, maintaining constant values for fault geometry and regional rheological parameters throughout the research. To calculate strain boundary conditions, permanent and periodic global positioning system (GPS) data from the northwest region were utilized. The fault was constrained perpendicularly while allowing tangential movement, facilitating the determination of its annual slip rate using the boundary element method, with the Okada analytical model serving as the fundamental solution. The findings underscore the intricate relationship between the fault’s slip rate and boundary conditions, revealing a predominant right-lateral strike-slip motion. The study offers two slip rate assessments, obtained through earthquake focal mechanisms and GPS velocity data, yielding values of 5 and 5.5 mm / year {\rm{mm}}/{\rm{year}} , respectively. Importantly, the alignment of these calculated slip rates with paleo-seismological data underscores the credibility of the results generated via the boundary element method, distinguishing it as a reliable approach when compared to other numerical and analytical techniques. This research provides valuable insights into the behavior and slip dynamics of the NTF, which is pivotal for assessing seismic risks.

Digital transformation of Tabriz, Iran by IoT adoption

The society's digital transformation reshapes both of the private and public sectors and covers technology, organizations, and people aspects. The Internet of Things (IoT) as a fifth generation technology plays a significant role in digitalization and creation of a smart city. Tabriz metropolis is one of the five selected pilot cities for implementing smart city projects in Iran. On the other hand, municipalities have the biggest contribution in transforming a city into a smart city by utilizing the new technologies in urban management, in the other words digitalization. Hence, this study examined the successful IoT adoption in Tabriz Metropolitan municipality in the developing country of Iran by combining the information systems’ success model and TOE framework. Aimed at collecting data on the IoT adoption process, the electronic questionnaire link was distributed among ICT experts and managers of the organization, and 74 valid answers were received. The collected data were analyzed using the regression method. The obtained results proved the positive and direct impact of system quality, ICT infrastructure, enterprise financial and human resources, and external support. In addition, the results showed that information quality and service quality factors did not affect the IoT adoption process significantly. This research can help the senior managers of Tabriz metropolitan municipality in policymaking and launching this technology successfully by identifying the influential factors in IoT adoption.

Road Safety as an Essential Need of Aged Population: A Case of Tabriz City, Iran

Objectives: To investigate and determine the hotspot points of traffic accidents in the Tabriz metropolis during 2020-2021. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting(s): Tabriz, Capital of East Azarbaijan province in northwest Iran. Participants: The patients were injured in traffic accidents and transferred to hospitals with the prehospital system in Tabriz in 2020 and 2021. Interventions: Prehospital ambulances. Outcome measures: The data included the number of traffic accidents, demographic variables of patients, vital signs, the severity of the accident, the type of vehicle involved in the accident, and the location of each accident based on the division of the municipal area. Results: In this study, the ratio of male to female was 3:1, and the mean age of patients was 35±15 years. In 2020, there were 5423 traffic accidents, of which 17.6% occurred in the 7th municipal region, 16.9% in the 4th municipal region, and 12.2% in the 6th municipal region of Tabriz. In 2021, 6611 missions were carried out, 16.6% of which occurred in the 4th and 7th municipal regions, while 12.6% occurred in the 6th municipal region of Tabriz city. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, regions 7, 4, and 6 are among the Road Traffic Accident Black Regions (RTABRs) in the Tabriz metropolis; therefore, it is necessary to review and investigate the causes of traffic accidents and carry out interventions to increase road safety.

Developing a comprehensive model of home-based formal care for elderly adults in Iran: A study protocol.

Due to the increasing Iran's aging population, designing a home care model is necessary. However, the data on designing the home care model for elderly adults among developing countries are limited. This study will be carried out to develop a formal home-based care model for elderly adults in Iran. This multi-method study will include three phases: First, Mixed-methods sequential explanatory study including two steps: One, survey to determine the prevalence of dependence on formal and informal caregivers among people aged ≥ 60 years living in Tabriz metropolis; and two, content analysis approach includes face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the older adults receiving formal care at home, their caregivers and relevant key informants on the characteristics of care and caregiver, challenges and expectations of standard care. In phase 2, a scoping review will be used to find out the components of home care in other countries, such as care provider organization, caregivers training, and financing. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google scholar databases and grey literature will be run to retrieve relevant evidence using proper MeSH terms. In phase3, the triangulation method (using the results of the previous phases, reviewing national upstream documents and the focus group discussion) will be done to reach consensus and design the initial model for the Iranian context. In the following, a Delphi study will be conducted on the validation and feasibility of the developed model. The current health infrastructure in Iran is focused on caring for younger people, despite the near future population aging. Most studies have addressed the challenges of geriatric care, but no study has addressed the various dimensions of home care in Iran and how to provide this service to elderly adults. Providing a comprehensive model of home care for the elderly can improve the quality of life and satisfaction of the elderly and their caregivers.

Evaluation of Quality of Life in Metropolitan Areas in a Developing Country Context: The Case of Tabriz, Iran

In developing countries, one of the critical issues in urban planning is investigating and recognizing the quality of life (QoL) in metropolitan areas and preparing a comprehensive solution for it. Recognition of QoL indicators and evaluating their situation in different urban areas is a significant aspect of urban planning and development in metropolitan areas. The present study aims to evaluate the defined indicators of QoL in the urban areas of Tabriz Metropolis. After identifying the effective criteria, a pairwise comparison was conducted by the AHP method to find their weights. Then, ten Tabriz Municipality Districts and three towns located in the metropolitan area, including Basmenj, Sardrood, and Khosrowshahr, were ranked using the models of VIKOR, ELECTRE, and MORRIS. The results indicated that the QoL of districts 5, 2, and 9 among the municipality districts got the highest ranks and had a better situation than the other districts. On the other hand, districts 1, 4, and 6 have no good conditions in terms of QoL. Among the studied towns, Sardrood has better conditions regarding QoL than the others.

Urban Growth Modeling and Land-Use/Land-Cover Change Analysis in a Metropolitan Area (Case Study: Tabriz)

During the last three decades, the expansion of the Tabriz Metropolitan Area (TMA) to the surrounding areas has caused the destruction of environmental resources and problems such as disturbing ecological balance, increasing service costs, construction over unsuitable lands, exacerbation of air pollution, and lack of consideration of existing deteriorated textures and previous ongoing trends, reducing the environmental quality of the TMA. The goal of this study was to perform ecological modeling of urban development in the TMA with respect to the preservation of environmental resources, prevention of urban sprawl, and the management of the physical expansion of the TMA in an eco-friendly manner. In this research, to investigate the previous pattern of growth of the TMA, Landsat satellite imagers from 1984 to 2018 were used to discover the non-ecological and sprawl development of the TMA, and artificial neural networks and logistic regression techniques were applied to simulate future development up to 2038. According to information from the Iranian Statistical Center and 34 year of satellite imagery analysis, the population of the TMA increased from 1,007,992 to 1,961,560 during this period. Additionally, urban and rural land area increased from 7220.34 hectares to 27,640.57 hectares. A lack of coordination between population and urban expansion, as well as a decrease of 8513.61 hectares of agricultural and garden lands was inferred from the Holdern model. Detailed Calculations of the Holdern index (sprawl tendency) showed a lack of consideration of urban development capacity with population growth rate, and the Holdern index is equal to 0.6 in Tabriz. For future ecologic development of the TMA, hexagonal blocking of the urbanization probability map was used alongside environmental development policies in the form of using 30 percent of infill development capacities of inefficient land uses to prevent sprawl growth in Tabriz. Additionally, to preserve ecological landscapes, ecological networks in the form of green belts and bows with a length of 91 km were designed that may be effective in preventing the merging of small cities and nearby villages in the Tabriz metropolis.

A GIS-Based Assessment of Urban Tourism Potential with a Branding Approach Utilizing Hybrid Modeling

Urban tourism has developed into one of the most efficient and effective economic and recreational activities in the modern era since the late second half of the twentieth century. Although attention to urban tourism development is increasing, this paper indicates that no comprehensive study has yet combined the two subjects of tourism development and branding for spatial modeling. Thus, for assessing urban tourism potential (AUTP), a novel hybrid modeling approach combining K-mean, fuzzy logic, and an artificial neural network (ANN) was used. The findings indicate that in Tabriz metropolis, areas 3 and 7 and the southwestern portion of region 6 have the most significant potential for urban tourism. In contrast, areas 4, 8, and 10 located within the worn-out urban fabric have the least potential for tourism. Subsequently, by examining the correlation between urban tourism conditioning factors (UTCFs) and tourism maps, it was determined that factors including distance from the catering centers, distance from the fault, quality of construction materials, distance from the historical centers, distance from the health centers, maximum temperature, and distance from the parking are the most critical in terms of increasing urban tourism's potential and branding. The analyses conducted in this study provide valuable and practical information for developing future strategies urban tourism. To this end, recommendations have been made to enhance tourism destination service delivery and management through branding.

Structural analysis of factors affecting the housing in Tabriz metropolis: a future study approach

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to survey the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Tabriz and its comparison with urban areas of the province and the country (Iran) and identify the key indicators on the future of the housing situation in the Tabriz metropolis.Design/methodology/approachStatistical yearbooks, the censuses of different periods and the documentary-environmental scanning methods are used to collect the data and matrix of crossed impact multiplications applied to a classification (MICMAC) software is used for analyzing the data.FindingsThe results show that during the years 1976 to 2016, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Tabriz have improved. Also, by obtaining the environmental scanning method, 61 factors were selected in 5 areas that have the greatest impact on the future of housing in the Tabriz metropolis. Finally, 11 key factors that have the most impact on the future of housing in the Tabriz metropolis were selected. These factors are economic growth, inflation, household income and savings, land and housing prices, sanctions, exchange rate changes, bank facilities, unemployment rates, political changes, purchasing power and management style. Among these factors, economic factors play the most important role, and political-managerial factors come in the next place.Originality/valueThis paper proves two issues, namely, the housing market in Iran, especially in the metropolis of Tabriz is strongly influenced by macroeconomic factors and the political situation of society and slogans of housing market reform without fundamental changes and reforms in both economic and political sectors of society are demagogic and illogical.

Investigating the effect of Sense of place to the place and quality of green spaces in urban branding (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)

Investigating the effect of Sense of place to the place and quality of green spaces in urban branding (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)

Investigating the Impact of Destination Branding on the Development of Urban Tourism (Case Study of Tabriz Metropolis)

Investigating the Impact of Destination Branding on the Development of Urban Tourism (Case Study of Tabriz Metropolis)

INFLUENCING FACTORS ON PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR SETTINGS AT PARKS AND GREEN SPACES OF TABRIZ

Parks and green spaces are significant areas that are necessary to reduce citizens’ mental and moral pressures more than ever. So, as for the importance of parks and urban green spaces, consideration of influencing factors on performance of these areas as citizen’s social behavior setting is basically significant. This research seeks to answer the question of how citizens’ behaviors are distinctly the same in terms of gender, age and social and economic characteristics in urban parks. The population of this research is represented by those who go to the parks and green spaces of Tabriz metropolis. The Cochran’s formula was used to select a sample of 400 subjects who were specified by a simple random method. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated at 0.902 using the Cronbach’s alpha formula while the research data was analyzed via the descriptive-inferential approach. The implementation of factor analysis model reduced the 62 variables of citizens’ social behavior to 23 variables and 4 factors. In considering the effects on citizen’s behavior in parks, these factors in order of preference are: social-psychological, physical-structural, economic and environmental. These four factors can explain 85.272% of the citizen’s social behavior. The stepwise regression test results showed that all the analyzed variables, referring to the performance of citizen’s social behavioral setting in parks and urban green spaces, are positively and meaningfully correlated. The independent t-test results showed that the urban park performances as behavior setting register significant differences between men and women. In this sense, the conclusions of the paper highlight the need to consider the complex needs of the residents in the designing and execution process of urban parks and green spaces.

Predictors of fatal outcomes in pedestrian accidents in Tabriz Metropolis of Iran: Application of PLS-DA method

Objectives: Road traffic deaths in walking pedestrians are a global public health problem. Considering that in Iran pedestrians have a high proportion of deaths caused by traffic accidents, the objective of the present study was to investigate mortality rate and related factors of fatal injury in pedestrian crashes in Tabriz Metropolis of Iran as the largest and most populous city of the northwest of Iran.Methods: The design of this study is case-control based on police and Forensic Medicine Organization data. All registered fatal pedestrian crashes in Tabriz Metropolis from 2014 to 2015 (146 cases) were included in the study as the case group. Also, 292 pedestrians (the ratio of cases to controls was 1:2) with non-fatal crashes were considered as the control group. Due to high dimensional data and multicollinearity issue, Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used for data analysis. Importance of the variables was determined by the VIP (Variable Importance in the Projection) index. Performance of the model was assessed by using training and test set validation method. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and classification error rates were calculated for the test set. R software version 3.5.1 (mixOmcs packages) was used for data analysis.Results: According to the results of PLS-DA, the most important variables related to fatal outcome in pedestrian crashes with VIP > 1 were: pedestrian age (positive effect), type of vehicle (light machinery with a negative effect), kind of vehicle plate (private plate with a negative effect), season of accident occurrence (winter season with a positive effect), type of driver’s licenses (Class A with a positive effect), pedestrian gender (male with a positive effect) and Fault of Pedestrian (At-fault with a positive effect). The overall accuracy for the fitted model and AUC were 0.77 and 0.79, respectively.Conclusions: The results show that predictors of a fatal outcome in pedestrian accidents in Tabriz can be attributed to the pedestrian characteristics (which notably account for differences in vulnerability in case of an accident), the car and driver features, and weather (which may all notably influence the amount of energy involved in the collision, through the car mass, speed, and conditions delaying the braking response or reducing the braking effectiveness). Regarding the statistical method, the PLS-DA is a powerful method which can be used to analyze high dimension data with multicollinearity issue.

PLANNING FACTORS AFFECTING METROPOLITAN TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENT (CASE STUDY: METROPOLIS OF TABRIZ)

In modern urban planning, traffic management and planning are considered essential elements in urban planning and design. In fact, there is an increasing need to consider and apply certain policies for traffic system improvement in the modern urban planning and management due to the important role of urban roads and their direct relationship with population growth in cities. The urbanization phenomenon in Iran and the increasing number of automobiles in its cities have led to an exponential growth in urban traffic, which is the main concern of urban managers in Tabriz Metropolis in this country. Considering the current conditions in Tabriz, this study attempts to evaluate the traffic management and planning strategies in this city. Desk and field research methods were used for data collection. The related data was then analyzed using SPSS through the one-sample t-test and regression analysis. The mean value of the studied indicators for traffic planning improvement is 4.56, which is higher than the average and indicates the important role of the factors affecting traffic control planning improvement in Tabriz. Finally, CORSIM was used to examine the high-traffic areas of Tabriz and evaluate the traffic volume reduction rate in this city.

Evaluating Enjoyment of Urban Regions Through Innovative City Indicators with An Emphasis on Social and Cultural Indicators (A Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis)

Abstract This research aims to define the degree of enjoyment in regions of Tabriz metropolis through innovative city indicators with an emphasis on the social and cultural indicators. In terms of practical purposes, the present study is of applied research type, and in terms of the nature of methodology, it is a comparative research. In this research, Shannon entropy method for weighing criteria is used to determine the weight of each of the indices under study, and a TOPSIS technique is applied in order to rank the regions of Tabriz metropolis to create the innovative city. Emphasizing on the social and cultural indicators, the findings of the research show that region 8 tops the ranking list and region 10 is ranked the last in terms of enjoyment through innovative city indicators. The result of this research indicates that the social and cultural indicators are not distributed equitably to fit well into an innovative city concept, and there is a focus on spatial distribution of indicators. Moreover, the results of this research indicate the incompatibility of the distribution of social and cultural indicators with the distribution of population across the city. Therefore, since innovation is the key to the development and expansion of cities as well as the equitable and rational distribution of services and facilities necessary for development and progress, the fair distribution of social and cultural indicators is essential for the realization of an innovative city.

Applying of Network Robustness Index (NRI) for prioritization inner-city of Tabriz metropolis ‎in disaster situation

Applying of Network Robustness Index (NRI) for prioritization inner-city of Tabriz metropolis ‎in disaster situation

The Effect of Expanding Higher Education Centers on the Use of Its Surrounding Areas in Tabriz Metropolis

The Effect of Expanding Higher Education Centers on the Use of Its Surrounding Areas in Tabriz Metropolis

Strategic Planning of Rural Tourism Development Using SOAR Model: A Case Study of Kandovan Village

Purpose: This research aims to perform strategic planning of tourism development in Kandovan village using SOAR model. This model is a combination of SWOT strategy and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) introduced by Jacqueline M. Stavros. AI, instead of focusing on problems such as weaknesses and threats, identifies strengths and creates promising opportunities. Methods: In this study, library and semi-structured interview methods have been used. The present study is a qualitative research in terms of nature and method of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes villagers of Kandovan, government officials, and NGO’s related to Kandovan village, in Osku County, near Tabriz metropolis, and tourists visiting the Kandovan village in the summer of 2016. In this research, the qualitative content analysis technique was used in the framework of inductive approach in accordance with the SOAR strategic planning model. Then, four SOAR strategic model indicators, i.e. strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results were extracted. Results: The results of the research indicate that for implementation of UNESCO’s architectural standards to world village registration, it is necessary to construct a new Kandovan next to the old village. In addition, holding festivals, exhibitions and weekly markets for the development of regional tourism is recommended. Establishment of tourism amenities such as construction of parking lots, recreational complex, designing websites and construction of a hotel are some other recommendations. Holding training courses related to tourism in the village, is a major step towards development of tourism considering the potential among the youth of the village. Conclusion: Villagers require to learn a series of educational courses. The youth of the village continue to do their business in the village and commute between the village and the city they live during the tourist season. Considering the young generation’s loyalty to their hometown and their desire to work in their village, many of them are ready to participate in the development of tourism of village and, as a result, holding educational courses from the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of the region such as foreign language courses, tourism guides, hospitality culture, marketing and advertising are welcomed by young people.

INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF SPATIAL PATTERNS IN TABRIZ PARKS USING LANDSCAPE METRICS

Nowadays, the green spaces in cities and especially metropolises have adopted a variety of functions. In addition to improving the environmental conditions, they are suitable places for spending free times and mitigating nervous pressures of the machinery life based on their distribution and dispersion in the cities. In this research, in order to study the spatial distribution and composition of the parks and green spaces in Tabriz metropolis, the map of Parks prepared using the digital atlas of Tabriz parks and Arc Map and IDRISI softwares. Then, quantitative information of spatial patterns of Tabriz parks provided using Fragstats software and a selection of landscape metrics including: the area of class, patch density, percentage of landscape, average patch size, average patch area, largest patch index, landscape shape index, average Euclidean distance of the nearest neighborhood and average index of patch shape. Then the spatial distribution, composition, extent and continuity of the parks was evaluated. Overall, only 8.5 percent of the landscape is assigned to the parks, and they are studied in three classes of neighborhood, district and regional parks. Neighborhood parks and green spaces have a better spatial distribution pattern compared to the other classes and the studied metrics showed better results for this class. In contrast, the quantitative results of the metrics calculated for regional parks, showed the most unfavorable spatial status for this class of parks among the three classes studied in Tabriz city.