Tablet Users Research Articles

The Comparison and Analysis of Mobile Advertising Platform

Recently, such as smart phones and tablet users of mobile devices increases rapidly as the related applications(app) and this is increasing the mobile ads. The mobile users may be accessed the variety of the mobile ad by free app and the advertisers and the app developers easily publish the mobile ads by the mobile ad platform. In this paper describe the technical features of domestic mobile ad platforms and the functionality of mobile ads, and for them to compare and analyze.

Supporting Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses through Information Technologies

To evaluate the usability of mobile information terminals, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) or Tablet personal computers, to improve access to information resources for nurses and to explore the relationship between PDA or Tablet-supported information resources and outcomes. The authors evaluated an initiative of the Nursing Secretariat, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, which provided nurses with PDAs and Tablet PCs, to enable Internet access to information resources. Nurses had access to drug and medical reference information, best practice guidelines (BPGs), and to abstracts of recent research studies. The authors took place over a 12-month period. Diffusion of Innovation theory and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) model guided the selection of variables for study. A longitudinal design involving questionnaires was used to evaluate the impact of the mobile technologies on barriers to research utilization, perceived quality of care, and on nurses' job satisfaction. The setting was 29 acute care, long-term care, home care, and correctional organizations in Ontario, Canada. The sample consisted of 488 frontline-nurses. Nurses most frequently consulted drug and medical reference information, Google, and Nursing PLUS. Overall, nurses were most satisfied with the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) BPGs and rated the RNAO BPGs as the easiest resource to use. Among the PDA and Tablet users, there was a significant improvement in research awareness/values, and in communication of research. There was also, for the PDA users only, a significant improvement over time in perceived quality of care and job satisfaction, but primarily in long-term care settings. It is feasible to provide nurses with access to evidence-based practice resources via mobile information technologies to reduce the barriers to research utilization.

Disabling Able

Disabling Able

ITunes Is Pretty (Useless) When You’re Blind: Digital Design Is Triggering Disability When It Could Be a Solution

This article critically examines the promise of Internet-based digital technology to open up the world to people with disabilities, and the parallel danger that the social construction of disability in the digital environment will simply come to mirror pre-existing analogue discrimination. This paper explores how technologies and innovations designed to improve access by the disabled actually enhance access for all users. The first part of the paper focuses on ‘Web 2.0’ and digital access for people with disability, particularly those with vision impairment. The online software that drives the iPod and iPhone and exclusively delivers content to these devices is iTunes. While iTunes seems on the surface to provide enormous opportunity for the vision impaired to access a broad selection of audio content, its design actually works to inhibit access to the platform for this group. Apple promotes the use of iTunes in educational settings through the iTunes U channel, and this potentially excludes those who have difficulty with access to the technology. Critically, it is these excluded people who, potentially, could benefit the most from the new technology. We consider the difficulty experienced by users of screen readers and braille tablets in relation to iTunes and highlight the potential problems for universities who seek to utilise iTunes U. In the second part of the paper we reframe disability accessibility as a principle of universal access and design and outline how changes made to assist users with disability can enhance the learning experience of all students using the Lectopia lecture recording and distribution system as an example. The third section of the paper situates these digital developments within the continuum of disability theory deploying Finkelstein’s three stages of disability development. The focus then shifts to the potential of online virtual worlds such as Second Life to act as a place where the promise of technology to mediate for disability might be realised. Goggin and Newell suggest that the Internet will not be fully accessible until disability is considered a cultural identity in the same way that class, gender and sexuality are. This article argues that accessibility must be addressed through the context of design and shared open standards for digital platforms.

Tolerability of Enteric-Coated Didanosine Capsules Compared With Didanosine Tablets in Adults With HIV Infection

Background: A new enteric-coated (EC) didanosine (ddI) formulation (Videx EC; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.) may be better tolerated than the tablet form because it lacks the buffer component thought to be responsible for diarrhea and other gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and magnitude of GI side effects (nausea, bloating, GI upset, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, gas [flatus]) before and after switching the formulation of ddI, in study subjects who were experiencing one or more GI symptom(s) of at least moderate severity. Methods: A 6-week open label crossover study of current didanosine tablet users comparing daily symptom scores (7 point scale, 0 = absent to 6 = very severe) during weeks 1 to 2 (on tablets) to weeks 4 and 6 (on EC capsules). Formulation palatability and preference, lifestyle effects, and use of antidiarrheals or other medications for symptom relief were also assessed. Results: GI symptom scores (7-day means) on tablets were diarrhea 2.11, gas 2.00, bloating 1.23, abdominal cramps 0.74, GI upset 0.69, nausea 0.66. After switching to EC (week 4 and week 6), mean scores decreased for diarrhea (mean scores 0.99 week 4, 0.79 week 6), gas (0.95, 0.79), bloating (0.49, 0.32), abdominal cramps (0.21, 0.05), GI upset (0.16, 0.14), and nausea (0.32, 0.22). Severity of all GI symptoms was significantly reduced after 4 weeks on EC capsules (p < .01 by paired t-test). Negative impact of side effects on routine activities was significantly reduced (41% on tablet vs. 7% on EC; p < .01). All 42 study subjects preferred the EC form. Conclusions: According to patients' diary scores, switching to ddI in EC form significantly reduces nausea, bloating, GI upset, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and gas for individuals who experienced GI side effects while taking the buffered tablet form. The striking tolerability advantages appear to support routine switching to EC for such patients and may suggest that widespread preferential selection of the EC form is appropriate to enhance didanosine tolerability and promote treatment adherence.

Sumatriptan Injection and Tablets in Clinical Practice: Results of a Survey of 707 Migraineurs

This report from the Gothenburg Migraine Clinic in Sweden describes the results of a telephone survey of over 700 patients using open-label sumatriptan tablets or sumatriptan injection for the treatment of migraine. The information is based on the patients' cumulative experience of more than 76,000 subcutaneous injections, 56,000 tablets 100 mg, and 20,000 tablets 50 mg. The results demonstrate that sumatriptan tablets were preferred by a greater proportion of patients than sumatriptan injection. However, sumatriptan injection was perceived as the most effective dosing form by the greatest proportion of patients. Among patients who found sumatriptan injection to be the most effective dosing form, the most frequently cited reasons were efficacy and speed of action. Among patients who found sumatriptan tablets to be the most effective dosing form, the most frequently cited reasons were fewer side effects and lack of experience with other dosing forms. Approximately half of sumatriptan users indicated that sumatriptan use was associated with decreases in the numbers of days with migraine, days at work with migraine, and days off work/normal activities due to migraine. When they worked during a migraine attack, patients estimated that they were 76% effective after taking sumatriptan compared with 47% effective with other medications and 49% effective with no medication. In general, side effects were reported less frequently among sumatriptan tablet users compared with injection users. Asked to compare sumatriptan with the best migraine treatment that they had used before, 94% of patients indicated that sumatriptan was better or much better than their previous therapies. These data provide important information from the clinical practice setting to complement the data from sumatriptan clinical trials.

Where Have All the Vaginal Foaming Tablets Gone? Program Statistics and User Dynamics in Ghana

During the early 1980s a condom gap was detected in Bangladesh a situation in which program statistics indicated a far higher level of condom use than did national survey data. If both data sources were correct many more condoms were being distributed than were being used. A large-scale study eventually determined that much of the gap could be explained by underreporting of method use. Years later Ghana had a similar problem. Available data upon the distribution of vaginal foaming tablets did not reflect data on the prevalence of the products use. A short survey of family planning providers and tablet users was therefore conducted to assess the extent of misuse in the country and if such misuse could explain the gap. Tablet misuse was just one of many possible explanations for the observed gap. No evidence was found to indicate that the discrepancy was due to widespread tablet misuse. Efforts should be made to improve data collection. Researchers however are likely to spend considerable time and resources conducting large-scale surveys to evaluate various possible explanations for divergences between program statistics and survey data without drawing any clear programmatic implications. When a country has a contraceptive gap like those experienced in Bangladesh and Ghana one needs to consider whether the product is being misused and if products are either expiring in the distribution pipeline or not being used by consumers. Answers to these queries can usually be obtained quickly and at minimal cost.

A comparative study of the safety, effectiveness and acceptability of two foaming vaginal tablets (nonoxynol-9 versus menfegol) in Thai women

Two foaming vaginal tablets containing nonoxynol-9 (OVT-n) or menfegol (OVT-m) were studied to evaluate safety, effectiveness and acceptability. The study was conducted at the Chulalongkorn University, Institute of Health Research, Bangkok, Thailand. One-hundred-two women randomly assigned to one of the two types of tablets were scheduled for follow-up visits at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Although there were differences between the two groups in the gross cumulative 12-month life table rates and 12-month continuation rates, these differences were not statistically significant. Twelve-month discontinuation rates for accidental pregnancy were 31.7 per 100 women for OVT-n group and 25.3 per 100 women for the OVT-m group. Seventeen of the total 22 pregnancies occurred due to use failure. This study indicates that the regular and proper use of OVT-n or OVT-m tablets are comparable and are a safe means of birth control. Although a few product-related (burning) or medical complaints were reported by both groups of tablet users, it seems that the vaginal contraceptive is an acceptable method for fertility control in a suitable population who will use it regularly and properly.

Clinical acceptability, use-patterns and use-effectiveness of the vaginal contraceptive sponge and neo sampoon tablets -An international multi-center randomized clinical trial-

This paper describes the results from a randomized clinical trial comparing the Collatex vaginal contraceptive sponge (a predecessor of the Today™ sponge) and Neo Sampoon foaming vaginal contraceptive tablets; the trial was conducted from 1979 to 1983 in four centers located in three countries (two in Yugoslavia and one each in Taiwan and Bangladesh). The sponge was associated with more insertion and retention problems than the tablet, especially in the two Asian centers. More Neo Sampoon users complained of a burning or stinging sensation. This complaint, however, seemed to be well-tolerated and was not a frequent reason for irregular use and/or discontinuation of use of the tablets. Clinically significant medical complications were rarely reported for either method. Sponge users were more likely to report irregular use than tablet users, primarily due to inconvenience of use. Rates of discontinuation at six months of use were also consistently higher among sponge users than Neo Sampoon users in the four centers. Life-table pregnancy rates at 12 months of use ranged from 3.8 to 18.2 per 100 sponge users and 6.2 to 29.9 per 100 Neo Sampoon users, based on data from the two Yugoslavian centers and the Taiwan center (data from the Bangladesh center were excluded from analysis of pregnancy rates). Practical implications of these findings are discussed.

A clinical trial of Neo Sampoon vaginal tablets and Emko foam in Alexandria, Egypt

Results are reported for a comparative 12-month study of Neo Sampoon foaming vaginal tablets containing 60 mg of the spermicide, menfegol, and Emko vaginal foam containing an 8.0% concentration of the spermicide, nonoxynol-9. Conducted in cooperation with the Family Planning Association in Alexandria, Egypt, the trial included 349 women who were randomly allocated to use one of the two contraceptive products. The twelve-month cumulative life-table rate for accidental pregnancy (per 100 women) was 2.8 for Neo Sampoon tablet users and 2.1 for Emko foam users. The 12-month continuation rates were 77.6 and 77.2 per 100 women for the tablet and foam groups, respectively. In both groups, the majority of discontinuations from the study were for personal reasons, including lack of confidence in the method, messiness, partner's objection and a burning sensation. Few women reported a product-related complaint while using their assigned contraceptive method. The most commonly reported complaint for both methods was that use of the product led to an uncomfortable burning sensation for the woman and/or her partner. This complaint, however, was cited by less than 5% of the women in each group. Thus, a combination of low pregnancy rates, few complications and complaints and high continuation rates confirm the relative acceptability, effectiveness and short-term safety of these methods of contraception among this sample of Egyptian women.

Use of fluorides by Finnish adolescents.

According to the recommendations of the National Board of Health in Finland fluoride tablets should be used daily from the age of 6 months to 15 yr in fluoride deficient areas. Topical fluorides are recommended in addition to systemic fluorides. The aim of this study was to analyze the use of fluoride tablets and topical fluorides by Finnish adolescents. Teenagers (n = 4705) representing Finnish youth aged 12, 14, 16 and 18 yr were sent mail questionnaires in February 1981. The response rate was 88%. The proportion of daily fluoride tablet users was 12% among 12-yr-old girls, 3% among 14-yr-old girls and among boys 10% and 4%, respectively. Fluoride rinses at home were used daily by only 1%. During the most recent school term, 34% had several times, and 8% once, participated in classroom fluoride rinsing. In the same period 14% had used fluoride gel several times, and 10% once. Thus despite dental health education, fluoride tablets and rinses are used very rarely at home by Finnish teenagers. The recommendations of the National Board of Health are far removed from the behavior of adolescents. Use of fluoride tablets and topical fluorides do not seem to be a practical alternative to drinking-water fluoridation, because of the low level of compliance.

Fluoride concentrations in deciduous tooth enamel of children chewing sodium fluoride tablets.

Fluoride concentrations in deciduous enamel of children who chewed or did not chew sodium fluoride tablets over a three year period were determined. Anterior and posterior enamel from children who used tablets contained 150 and 80 ppm more fluoride, respectively, at a depth of 5 μm than did enamel from the control group. The difference between tablet users and nonusers remained relatively constant during the study period.