Of all the branches of industry which have made a remarkable progress in this country of recent, Glass Industry is one of the most active. Whether handmade in a traditional fashion, or machine-made, manufacturing of glassware is certainly rising with great rapidity and today it has reached a stage that there is practically no kind of glassware which is impossible to be produced in Japan.From its shape and also for its practical usage, glass may be classified into the following three species:1. Hollow glass2. Flat glass3. Special GlassThe total amount of glassproduction of this country during the last year and the year before last reached approximately 85 million yen (£ 5 million), of this, Hollow Glass amounts to 35 million, Flat Glass, 40 million and Special Glass, 10 million Yen. And about 35 million worth of Glassware-which is 40% of the total glass production-is being exported abroad.II. Hollow Glass.The glass which makes bottles, table wares, food containers and illuminators are what we call Hollow Glass. more or less, it is all in a tube shape.Among hollow-glass wares, bottles occupy majority, including beer bottles, n in ral-water bottles, sake bottles, and medical bottles. In former years bottles were all handmade, but today most of the bottles, except thing of very little demand are all-machine-made or at least semimachine made, Even table wares and food containers, if mass production is necessary are being produced by automatic machine, but those which require special finishing artifice are made by hand. The following are the main types of finishing methods of glassware: polishing, etching, cutting, engraving, and painting. The value of high-class decorated glasware is determined by the finishing workmanship. And in the field of industrial artisanship of glassware, Japan is now showing a brilliant skill and possibilities.The kinds of glass belonging to the species of Hollow Glass are quite numerous. Unlike Flat Glass which is made in large factories-Hollow Glass is produced at middle and small sized factories For this reason, complaints of inconsistency in quality are often. heard about Hollow Glassware. For the purpose of preventing this defect and effectuating sound development of the business, various guilds have been formed. These guilds were consolidated into an Association called, the Nippon Glass Union Trade Association with its headquarters in Osaka, each guild constituting a branch. Thus at present the Association is made of 6 branches including Osaka, Tokyo, Nagoya, Hyogo, Kobe and Fukuoka. And under the official guidance of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, each branch has a censoring office to check up on Hollow Glassware for export. The articles subject to this official examination are bottles, tableware, food container, lamp chimney, lamp shade, lamp oil pot, imitation pearl, test tube, beaker, flask and funnel, etc.The total mount of glassware thus examined between April 1936 and March 1937 are forty million and five hundred and sixty thousand dozens, costing 12 million Yen. This is an increase by 20% over the 1936 export and 50% increase over that of 1934. Each locality in Japan boasts of certain different types of glassware of its own.Designed for the autonomous control and the furtherance of quality of hollow glass, Nippon Glassware Exporters Association was formed in Osaka, operating for the glassware to be exported to East Dutch Indias, the Straits Settlements, and British Inidia, beginning October 10th.III. Flat Glass.By flat glass is meant Window Glass or Sheet Glass; polished Plate Glass; Figured Plate Glass and Wired Plate Glass.In Japan, Window Glass was also at first manufactured by the hand cylinder process, but later this was replaced by the Machine Cylinder process. Cylinder process is a wasteful method in that it has to blow glass metal into the shape of a cylinder first aril then cut it open to make sheet glass. Later,