Table Tennis Training Research Articles

Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Function by Short-Term Sensor-Based and Long-Term Heart Rate Variability Analyses in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury After Long-Term Table Tennis Training

This study aimed to examine the acute and chronic effects of an exercising table tennis program on cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and functional capacity in people with tetraplegia. Twenty males with tetraplegia (C6–C7), with a mean age of 38.50 ± 4.04 years old, were randomly assigned into two equal groups: A, who followed a 6-month exercise training program with table tennis 3 times per week, and B, who remained untrained. Additionally, 11 healthy sedentary men (group C) with a mean age of 39.71 ± 5.87 years old participated in the study as healthy controls. At baseline, all participants underwent a short-term (5 min) and a long-term (24 h ambulatory) ECG monitoring to evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) indices and a maximal arm ergometric and dynamometric testing of the upper limbs. Moreover, the acute cardiac autonomic responses to maximal arm cycle exercise test were evaluated by Polar S810i sensor chest strap. At the end of the 6-month study, all parameters were revaluated only in groups A and B. At baseline, there was no statistically significant difference between the two patient groups. However, intra-group changes at the end of the 6-month study regarding the 24-h HRV monitoring indicated that group A statistically increased the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) by 13.9% (p = 0.007), the standard deviation of R-R intervals calculated every 5 min (SDANN) by 8.4% (p = 0.007), the very low frequency (VLF) by 7.1% (p = 0.042), and the low frequency [LF (ms2)] by 10.5% (p = 0.009), which almost reached the levels of group C. Favorable improvements were also noticed at the end of the study for group A in maximal exercise time of the upper limbs by 80.4% (p < 0.001) and maximal strength of the right hand by 27.8% (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis after training showed that maximal exercise time was positively correlated with SDNN (r = 0.663, p = 0.036) and with LF (ms2) (r = 0.623, p = 0.045). Our results indicate that a 6-month table tennis training program is efficient and can improve cardiac ANS activity mainly by increasing sympathovagal balance.

Research on the Application of Multi-ball Training Method in Table Tennis Training in Colleges and Universities

This paper aims to explore the practical application effect and strategy of multi-ball training method in table tennis training in colleges and universities. As an efficient and systematic training method, multi-ball training method has significantly improved the technical proficiency, physical fitness level and competition adaptability of athletes through continuous and repeated hitting practice. The study also pointed out that when applying multi-ball training method, we should pay attention to following the principle of moderation to avoid overtraining leading to physical fatigue and injury of athletes; At the same time, we should fully consider the individual differences of athletes and make personalized training plans; In addition, the importance of technical details should be emphasized to ensure that athletes form correct technical action stereotypes in training. Therefore, it is suggested that table tennis coaches in colleges and universities actively adopt this method in teaching and training to improve the quality and effect of training.

Application and Effect of Computer-Aided Design in Table Tennis Training

The application of computer technology in the field of sports training is more and more extensive. This paper discusses the application and effect of computer-aided design in table tennis training. More and more automatic control systems which rely on digital model control appear in people’s lives. There is also a lack of introduction of automatic control systems for the training of table tennis players to improve their training efficiency and reaction ability. Therefore, based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, a genetic algorithm is integrated. According to the patting and kicking action of the automatic control system and the camera imaging device, the feature points in the motion process are divided. Based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, feature points are taken as initial values. Through testing, the matrix orthogonality of motion attitude is determined. The influence of computer-aided design on the training effect of table tennis was analyzed. Finally, we will summarize the advantages of computer-aided design in table tennis training and its future development direction.

Application of deep learning for automatic detection of table tennis balls from an intelligent serving machine

The Intelligent Table Tennis Serving Machine (TTSM) has revolutionized table tennis training by simulating the variability and precision of human opponents. However, current systems lack the capability to track and analyze ball landing points, limiting comprehensive performance evaluation. To address this, we propose a novel approach utilizing YOLOv8 as the benchmark model for detecting table tennis balls launched by a TTSM, tailored to meet the demands of intelligent training systems. Our key innovation involves integrating a Res2Net architecture enhanced with a Non-local Attention Module (NLAM) and a Dilated Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (DASPP) unit into the neck network. This design improves the network’s ability to integrate multi-scale local features, thereby enhancing global information processing. The DASPP module, with adaptive dilation convolution, ensures thorough context comprehension. Additionally, we incorporate an Omni-dimensional Dynamic Convolution (ODConv) module in the detection head, employing parallel strategies to learn diverse and complementary attention cues, further enhancing detection accuracy and robustness. To validate our method, we conducted evaluations using the publicly available OpenTTGames dataset and a self-constructed dataset comprising over 10,000 table tennis ball images captured in various environments. Experimental results indicate that our method enhances mAP0.5, Precision, and Recall by 2.3%, 5.1%, and 0.9% on the OpenTTGames dataset, and by 3%, 2%, and 1.6% on the self-built dataset, respectively. Finally, we describe the optimization process of the intelligent TTSM system, which leverages keyframe analysis of ball landing points to provide feedback, thereby enabling continuous performance improvement in subsequent phases.

Development of a Forehand Drive Table Tennis Training Model for Juvenile Offenders at the Special Juvenile Rehabilitation Institution in Bengkulu

This research aims to develop a forehand drive training model in table tennis, specifically designed for juvenile inmates at the Bengkulu Special Penitentiary for Children. This research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach, using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The method used is the descriptive qualitative method. The study population consisted of juvenile inmates in correctional institutions, with a simple random sampling technique. Research instruments include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The validation results from experts showed a high level of approval: material experts at 94%, language experts at 90%, and media experts at 92%. The small group trial involving 10 juvenile inmates resulted in an average approval rating of 86%, while the large group trial with 30 participants resulted in an average approval rating of 90%. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Table Tennis Forehand Drive Training Model developed for juvenile inmates at the Bengkulu Special Penitentiary for Children is "Highly Feasible" to be implemented as a new training model at the institution.

The patterns and prevention of injuries in college table tennis training

This paper conducts a detailed investigation and analysis of injuries among table tennis athletes from college sports academies, and preliminarily explores some general patterns of sports-related injuries that have occurred, summarizing some preventive measures and solutions.

Assessment of the intensity and attractiveness of physical exercise while playing table tennis in an immersive virtual environment depending on the game mode

BackgroundIt appears that active video games (AVGs) and training apps that allow for physical activity (PA) in immersive virtual reality (VR) may be useful for sports, health-enhancing PA, and physical education (PE). Therefore, research is needed to identify their potential.ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the intensity and attractiveness of exercise during table tennis (TT) training in VR in arcade and simulation modes and to assess the potential for using such exercises in health-enhancing PA, sport, and PE.MethodsThe research used the Racket Fury: Table Tennis VR. Exercise intensity during TT training in VR was evaluated by heart rate (HR) monitoring and rating of perceived exertion (RPE 6–20). The effectiveness of short-term TT training in VR was estimated based on the user’s performance in playing against an opponent with artificial intelligence (AI), satisfaction with playing TT was measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), and the potential usefulness of the tested app in PA, sport, and PE was assessed based on a questionnaire for participating PE teachers (30 participants).ResultsPA intensity during TT training in VR expressed as a percentage of maximum heart rate (HRmax) was moderate but was significantly (p < 0.001; d=-0.830) higher in the easier arcade mode (69.50 ± 12.58%HRmax) than in the simulation mode (64.10 ± 9.67%HRmax). Despite the greater fatigue of respondents, user satisfaction was significantly higher in arcade mode. Users’ performance when playing with AI was significantly better after 20 min of training in VR than before training. PE teachers recognize the great potential of the app.ConclusionsThe application tested is characterized by a beneficial PA intensity, with its level depending on the game mode. Facilitating strokes during a game of virtual TT promotes increased intensity of exercise and increased enjoyment of the PA. Short-term TT training in VR improves playing skills in a virtual environment. PE teachers spoke highly of the app and recognized the potential for using VR technology in PA, sports, and school PE.

The application of deep learning-based technique detection model in table tennis teaching and learning

With the development of computer technology, the teaching methods of table tennis have ushered in a new technological revolution. To solve the problem of traditional teaching methods overly focusing on athlete limbs and athlete force movements, this study uses an improved deep learning algorithm technology detection model to analyze the trajectory of table tennis and provide targeted tactical training for athletes. The results showed that the success rate and accuracy score of the model were 95 % and 96 %, respectively, with a calculation time of only 21.75 ms, indicating high analytical accuracy and computational efficiency. Meanwhile, the winning rate of the training strategy under this method can reach over 65 %, effectively improving the winning rate of athletes. This proves that the proposed technology detection model has good algorithm performance and data analysis ability, and can provide data support for table tennis training and teaching work.

The Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Motivation and Compliance in Table Tennis Training

The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of psychosocial factors on motivation and compliance in table tennis training in Indonesia. The research method employed is a cross-sectional observational study involving 30 table tennis student participants from Medan State University. Data were collected through an online survey covering questions on motivation, social support, self-perception, motivation, and compliance in table tennis training. Data analysis involved descriptive analysis and regression to evaluate the relationships between these variables. The research results indicate that motivation, social support, and self-perception are significantly associated with athlete motivation and compliance. The implications of these findings underscore the need to consider psychosocial aspects in the development of training programs and athlete coaching in table tennis in Indonesia. However, this study has limitations and requires further research to validate these findings. Thus, this research provides valuable insights into understanding the factors influencing the performance of table tennis athletes in Indonesia and can serve as a basis for the development of more effective training strategies in the future.

Technical Approach in Table Tennis Training: A Literature Analysis

This study conducts a literature analysis on the technical approach in table tennis training with the aim of providing comprehensive insights for coaches, sports experts, and policymakers. Through searching and selecting relevant articles, we identified traditional approaches, modern approaches integrating biomechanical analysis, and relevant psychological approaches in the literature. The results of this literature review provide a deep understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach as well as their practical implications in table tennis training. The integration of these approaches offers a holistic approach that can enhance the quality of table tennis training, especially in the context of Indonesian sports.

Influence of Programmed Physical Training on the Performance of Table Tennis Athletes

This study aims to explore the influence of a programmed physical training program on enhancing the performance of table tennis athletes at the local table tennis club level. The study utilizes a quantitative research approach with a case study design. Research participants consist of 30 table tennis athletes from one local table tennis club. Data were collected through physical tests covering measurements of muscle strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance, as well as direct observation of athlete performance during table tennis training sessions. The results of the study indicate a significant improvement in muscle strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance of athletes after participating in the programmed physical training program. Regression analysis also confirms a positive relationship between the level of participation in the programmed physical training program and athlete performance improvement. The practical implications of this research are that local table tennis clubs can utilize programmed physical training programs as a strategy to enhance their athletes' performance. However, this study has limitations that need to be considered, including the limited generalizability of the results due to being conducted in only one local table tennis club. Therefore, further research with larger samples and diversification of table tennis clubs is needed to confirm these findings more broadly.

The Effect of a Table Tennis Exercise Program With a Task-Oriented Approach on Visual Perception and Motor Performance of Adolescents With Developmental Coordination Disorder.

In this study we investigated the effects of an 8-week table tennis exercise program with a task-oriented approach on visual perception and motor performance of 31 adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The participants were identified by their teachers as having greater difficulty than their peers (450 students from three Korean middle schools) in physical education (PE) classes. On the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2, these adolescents scored below the 15th percentile and showed difficulties in performing daily life activities due to motor performance problems; they did not have physical defects, intellectual or neurological impairments, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Of 98 prospective adolescents with PE difficulties, we obtained personal assent and parents' informed consent from 54, and 31 of these met screening criteria for DCD through the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire-Korean. This final group was divided in non-random fashion (based on the proximal geographic grouping of the children's schools) between an experimental group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 15). The experimental group participated in the 8-week task-oriented table tennis training program with three 90-minute sessions per week, while the control group only participated in regular PE classes twice per week. We measured participants' visual perception and motor performance in the same environment before and after the intervention program. Participants' visual perception was significantly more improved in the experimental group than the control group, with specific improved skills in visual-motor search, visual-motor speed, figure-ground, and visual closure; copying and perceptual constancy skills did not improve significantly. In addition, total motor performance and motor sub-skills, including fine manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, strength, and agility were significantly more improved in the experimental group than in the control group. Thus, our task-oriented table tennis exercise program was of greater assistance than general PE classes for improving visual perception and motor performance in adolescents at risk of DCD.

Application and Assessment of the Technical Effectiveness of Table Tennis Matches by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) – Cluster Analysis (CA) Composite Model

This study uses the PCA - CA comprehensive evaluation training model to provide 8-week training guidance to 40 college table tennis players, and uses expert interviews, questionnaires and other methods to evaluate the rationality of the "new four-segment indicators" for athlete statistics. The evaluation aims to provide a richer theoretical reference basis for future table tennis training in colleges and universities. The results show that athletes and coaches have higher cognitive performance of PCA - CA method in practical training, and in the comparison of pre- and post-experiment tests, PCA - CA method can improve the competitive level of athletes. It was concluded that the PCA - CA method is more suitable for coaching high-level table tennis players, but has poor on-site guidance for low-level athletes. It is recommended that this method be implemented in the national team or provincial table tennis team.

The basics of theory and methods of mastering the game of table tennis in the classroom physical education of students

How to master the game of table tennis in physical education classes. At the beginning of your classes, you need to get acquainted with how the racket interacts with the ball, "feel" the racket and the ball, learn to control its flight in different ways, master the basic striking movements, master the orientation of the torso, arms, legs and racket in space, etc.&#x0D; Purpose: to analyze the essence and significance of the stages of table tennis training in physical education classes: (special physical training; technical training, techniques; tactical training; psychological training).It is important to learn how to hold the racket correctly and perform various exercises with the racket and ball off the table, as this will help you master the technique of the game faster. In this case, it is recommended to use the following exercises: moving around the court, holding the ball on the racket and watching the grip, rolling the ball on the racket from one edge to the other or in a circle, repeatedly hitting the ball with different sides of the racket from the bottom up or alternately with one and the other side of the racket, strive to keep the ball from falling to the ground as long as possible (should be performed both in place and in motion); driving the ball with the racket, hitting the floor (dribbling), in the player's stance on the spot or in motion; to give the ball rotation with both sides of the racket in different directions: from the body to the right or left; to hit the ball with a racket to different heights in turn - high bounce, low bounce; crouching and standing up, to hit the ball: hit - crouch, hit again - stand up.&#x0D; When playing on the table, you need to pay attention to the correctness of your movements. The basics of the technique can be properly mastered and consolidated only with repeated repetition of technical elements in a game environment on the table, and the prerequisites for this are practicing the technique with the help of imitation exercises. In the future, a lot depends on coordination of movements, musculoskeletal sensitivity, attentiveness, reaction speed, as well as the level of development of such qualities as endurance, perseverance, dedication and efficiency.

Altered spontaneous regional brain activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and visual area of expert table tennis athletes.

Sports training may lead to functional changes in the brain, and different types of sports, including table tennis, have different influences on these changes. However, the effects of long-term table tennis practice on brain function in expert athletes are largely undefined. Here, we investigated spontaneous regional brain activity characteristics of expert table tennis athletes by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare differences between 25 athletes and 33 age- and sex-matched non-athletes. We analyzed four metrics-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF, regional homogeneity, and degree centrality-because together they identify functional changes in the brain with greater sensitivity than a single indicator and may more comprehensively describe regional functional changes. Additional statistical analysis was conducted to assess whether any correlation existed between brain activity and years of table tennis training for athletes. Results show that compared with non-athletes, table tennis athletes showed altered spontaneous regional brain activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the calcarine sulcus, a visual area. Furthermore, the functional changes in the calcarine sulcus showed a significant correlation with the number of years of expert sports training. Despite the relatively small sample size, these results indicated that the regional brain function of table tennis athletes was associated with sports training-related changes, providing insights for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the expert performance of athletes.

RETRACTION: Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Their Application for Reform and Development of Table Tennis Training in Complex Environments

RETRACTION: Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Their Application for Reform and Development of Table Tennis Training in Complex Environments

Para table tennis improves psychological/mental and cardiovascular health in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Although rehabilitation exercise is known to be beneficial for cardiovascular and mental health, it remains a daunting challenge for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who rely on wheelchairs for mobility. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a 4-week para table tennis program in enhancing self-efficacy and health outcomes in adults with SCI. A total of 39 SCI patients were included and divided into the experimental group (n = 18, a 4-week para table tennis training program) and the control group (n = 21). Frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) were used to evaluate the function of the autonomic nervous system. Following para table tennis training, there was a significant reduction in the physical stress index (PSI, P < 0.001), accompanied by shifts in autonomic regulation of vagal dominance. Additionally, the para table tennis training led to significant improvements in vessel state, differential pulse wave index, atrial elasticity, eccentric constriction power, remaining blood volume, and self-efficacy (all P < 0.05). Para table tennis training results in favorable changes in sympathetic tone, enhanced self-efficacy, improved cardiovascular well-being, and an overall positive transformation in HRV.

Retracted: Action Recognition and Application of Table Tennis Training Based on IOT Perception

Retracted: Action Recognition and Application of Table Tennis Training Based on IOT Perception

Technical and Tactical Actions of the World's Leading Male Table Tennis Players Between 1970 and 2021.

This research aimed to determine the quantitative and qualitative structure of winning systems of the world's leading male table tennis players between 1970 and 2021. The study used the Wu game analysis method, modified by the authors, which consists of observing the game from playback, identifying the winning actions of a given player, and sorting and counting the actions, depending on the accuracy of the observation. The project identified all World Championships and Olympic Games medallists, resulting in 244 men's matches being analyzed. Three time periods were considered based on the ball used, including the 38 mm celluloid ball, 40 mm celluloid ball, and 40 mm plastic ball. Differences in the level structure, depending on the observation period, were assessed using the chi-squared test of independence. The Pearson contingency coefficient was calculated, and multiple comparisons were made. The research showed that the use of combinations changed slightly with changes in ball size and material. The first three strokes were very important in all periods. However, the importance of serves as direct scoring strokes decreased. These findings may be related to changes in the size and material used for ball production. The most winning serves in the game of the top men were side-spin forehand serves, which were also used most often during 3rd-ball-attack winning combinations. The number of actions won directly with a return, and in the return-counterattack combination, accounted for, and still constitute, about 30%, with an increasing number of backhand flicks. The research also showed an increase in the use of backhand strokes compared to forehand strokes. These findings should be considered when creating basic goals in table tennis training plans.

Research on multimedia intelligent algorithm based on recognition and detection of table tennis ball striking action

Abstract There are many different types of batting motions in table tennis, and the accurate identification of these motion patterns is of great importance for the analysis of batting motions. In this paper, firstly, we explore the efficient representation of the batting motion in the time domain by reasonably placing the sensors and processing the collected data with respect to the characteristics of the batting motion. Secondly, based on the SVM algorithm, in real-world applications, the issue of creating complicated hypersurfaces is resolved using the kernel function technique., so that the simple hypersurfaces in the original space can achieve satisfactory classification results. Finally, a table tennis batting action recognition algorithm based on the SVM algorithm is calculated. The algorithm can efficiently extract the features of batting actions in temporal order and finally accomplishes an average recognition correctness of 93.58%, which is 4.155% more accurate than decision trees, 5.255% more accurate than random forests, and 3.305% more accurate than integrated classifiers. The best performance among the four classifiers indicates that the model has the best performance. This study demonstrates that the SVM algorithm model can quickly and effectively classify and identify action signals for the batting action during table tennis training.