Score Table Research Articles

Development of 'Papadangan’ as an eating culture among under five children in Pekayon village, Tangerang city, Indonesia: A participatory action research

The Indonesian Nutrition Status Study stated that cases of underweight or malnutrition with a weight for age index are around 17%. The efforts made by the government today to overcome the problem of malnutrition of children under five in Indonesia are still not optimal with programs that have been made by the government. The incidence of underweight continues to increase from 2019 to 2022 in Indonesia. The development of a culture-based intervention 'Papadangan' which is a communal eating activity was carried out to reduce this number. This study was conducted to develop the 'Papadangan' culture so that it becomes one of the efforts that can be done by the government. This eating habit can be used as an alternative for the community to increase the appetite of children under five in Tangerang, meaning that indirectly the community has made efforts to improve nutrition in children under five through eating together in the area. This research used Participatory Action Research (PAR) which consists of 2 cycles. This research was conducted from November 2022 to January 2024. Fifty participants consisting of children and caregivers were involved in this study. The Children under five weights were measured before and after the procedure using assessment instruments, the z score table, the camstock feeding scale and the toddler anthropometric table. In-depth interviews were conducted with mothers of children under five to explore the eating habits of Sundanese children under five with underweight and good nutritional status. 'Papadangan' can be developed into a strategy to prevent underweight nutrition problems by adding nutrition and health education: paying attention to the feeding schedule of children under five years old, variations in food consumption, education related to elements of balanced nutrition, and eating hygiene in the implementation of papadangan eating culture activities. 'Papadangan' can be used as one of the strategies to reduce the incidence of underweight in children under five years old. Developing the papadangan eating culture has become a new research, and this strategy is effective in changing the eating patterns of toddlers and reducing the rate of malnutrition among toddlers in Pekayon village, Sukadiri District, Tangerang City. Key words: Eating culture, children under five years old, malnutrition, qualitative, Indonesia

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSIVE ARTERIAL DISEASSE OF LOWER EXTREMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELITUS TYPE 2 IN CORRELATION WITH HBA1C LEVEL AND INDPENDENT RISK FACTOR

In clinical practice, the development of peripheral artery complications in the lower extremities is a significant issue among patients with type 2 diabetes. The progression of stenotic-occlusive disease can be predicted based on the SCORE risk factor assessment and HbA1c levels. Color Doppler findings are crucial for evaluating hemodynamic flow in the arteries of the lower extremities. Aim: To determine HbA1c levels in patients with stenotic-occlusive disease of the lower extremities, correlate risk factor scores and HbA1c levels in the progression of stenotic-occlusive disease, and assess the significance of elevated HbA1c levels in relation to the clinical grade of stenotic-occlusive disease. Patient and methods: The study included 113 patients with type 2 diabetes (52.1%) and 104 non-diabetic patients (47.9%) as the control group, making a total of 217 participants. Both groups were classified as high-risk due to the presence of independent risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, and arterial hypertension. When the cumulative SCORE risk factor for the total group of participants (n=217) was analyzed, the results indicated a high level of risk with statistical significance, p<0.0001. Results: Patients with predominantly occlusive changes in the type 2 diabetes group had HbA1c values of 8.25%, which was significantly higher compared to those with stenotic changes, whose HbA1c values were 7.3% (p=0.002). According to the SCORE tables, a value >5% indicates high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, while a SCORE value of 7% was identified as a predictor for disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes, with high significance (p=0.0001). In the non-diabetic group, lower values of peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the superficial femoral artery (p=0.051) were observed. In the type 2 diabetes group, PSV values in the profunda femoral artery were lower (p=0.053), while significantly lower PSV values were recorded in the anterior tibial artery (p=0.008). Occlusive disease of the lower extremity arteries was present in 89.6% of cases in the type 2 diabetes group, with 90 patients affected, which was significantly higher compared to stenotic disease (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Subjects in the DM2T group with dominant occlusive changes had significantly higher HbA1c values ​​compared to the HbA1c group with dominant stenotic changes p<0,002. The risk factor score for the examined group, DM2T, was 7% (SCORE of high cardiovascular risk), and in the control group, non-diabetics, it was 8%, and both groups are high risk. HbA1c can be a predictor for the development of occlusions on the arteries of the lower extremities in subjects with DM2T.4. DM2T group subjects with occlusive changes had high HbA1c values, ≥8.25.

The Effectiveness of Test for Speed and Strength Development for 12-14 Years Boys Judo Athletes: A Case Study of Binh Duong Province, Vietnam

Judo is an individual combat sport that requires high psychological, technical, tactical and physical factors, in which strength and speed play an important role. The aim of the study was selecting some tests for speed and strength development for 12-14 years boys Judo athletes, evaluating the effectiveness of these tests to develop speed strength for them. The study group consisted of 20 boys 12-14 years old Judo athletes in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam. The test for speed and strength development (collecting by previous research) was used in the study, including 5 tests: (1) Test 30m high start run (s); (2) Test long jump in place (cm); (3) Test prone push-up 15s (times); (4) Test Seoinage kick 20s (times); (5) Test knocking down Ippon Seoinage 30s (times). Test results based on the score tables were subjected to statistical calculations. An arithmetic mean, and Cv index were calculated for independent samples. The boys 12-14 years old Judo athletes who train 5 tests for speed and strength development exceed on the level statistically significant than the boys who practice current test. Comparing the results after the experiment between the two groups shows that the test system introduced by the study is superior to the current test system in terms of development rate (in each survey indicator, as well as in terms of average development rate).

Latent profile analysis of perceived stress and influencing factors in colorectal cancer patients†

Abstract Objective To understand the latent categories of perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients and analyze the characteristics of different categories of patients. Methods A total of 255 colorectal cancer patients receiving treatment in the gastrointestinal surgery and oncology departments of a tertiary Grade A hospital in Sichuan Province, from January 2023 to June 2023, were selected as the study subjects. General information questionnaire, Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), and Comprehensive Score Table for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Economic Toxicity (COST-PROM) were used for data collection. Results Perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients was classified into 3 latent categories: C1 “Low stress-stable type” (19.2%), C2 “Moderate stress-uncontrolled type” (23.9%), and C3 “High stress-anxious type” (56.9%). The average score of perceived stress was (34.07 ± 5.08). Compared with C1 type, patients with a monthly household income of ≤3000 RMB were more likely to belong to the C2 and C3 types (P < 0.05), and patients without a stoma were less likely to belong to C3 type (P < 0.05). Compared with C2 type, male patients were more likely to belong to C3 type (P < 0.05), and patients without a stoma were less likely to belong to C3 type (P < 0.05). Compared with C3 type, patients with higher economic toxicity scores were more likely to be classified into C1 and C2 types (P < 0.05). Conclusions Perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients exhibits distinct categorical features. Male gender, lower income, presence of a stoma, and higher economic toxicity are associated with higher levels of perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients.

The Brazilian (FRANCO) method for dental age estimation: Willems' model revisited.

This study aimed (I) to test the Willems' dental age estimation method in different geographic samples of the Brazilian population, and (II) to propose a new model combining the geographic samples in a single reference table of Brazilian maturity scores. The sample consisted of 5017 panoramic radiographs of Brazilian males (n = 2443) and females (n = 2574) between 6 and 15.99 years (mean age = 10.99 ± 2.76 years). The radiographs were collected from the Southeastern (SE) (n = 2920), Central-Western (CW) (n = 1176), and Southern (SO) (n = 921) geographic regions. Demirjian's technique was applied followed by Willems' method and the proposed Brazilian model. Willems' method led to mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.79 and 0.81 years for males and females, respectively. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) were 1.01 and 1.03 years, respectively. The Brazilian model led to MAE of 0.72 and 0.74 years for males and females, respectively, and RMSE of 0.93 years for both sexes. The MAE was reduced in 70% of the age categories. Differences between regions were statistically (p < 0.05) but not clinically significant. The new model based on a combined population had an enhanced performance compared to Willems' model and led to reference outcomes for Brazilians. Assessing patients' biological development by means of dental analysis is relevant to plan orthopedic treatments and follow up. Having a combined-region statistic model for dental age estimation of Brazilian children contributes to optimal age estimation practices.

Design and Use of a Mobile Game Developed to Raise Environmental Awareness in Secondary Schools

This research aims to develop, improve, and evaluate a mobile game to improve students' environmental awareness and investigate the game's impact on the development of environmental awareness. The research was conducted with 74 sixth-grade students and two teachers at a secondary school in Bursa during the 2022-2023 academic year. The environmental awareness scale, observation notes, and semi-structured interview forms were used as data collection tools. The results showed a significant difference between the scores in the pre-test and post-test in favour of the post-test. The developed mobile game significantly affects environmental awareness. The observation and interview data were analyzed using cyclic coding and thematic analysis methods. Three themes named “the effects on motivational processes,” “the effects of structuring of knowledge,” and “the effects of environmental awareness” emerged. Findings showed that the game mechanics included in the developed mobile game positively affected the “autonomy and self-efficacy” of the intrinsic motivation elements of the students to achieve their individual goals. Findings also revealed that the mobile game improves students' feelings of attention, interest, satisfaction, and confidence. In addition, it has been found that students structure their knowledge by resorting to reflection with the score table and instant feedback mechanisms in the mobile game.

Efektivitas Layanan Informasi dengan Teknik Role Playing untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa SMAN 2 Palembayan

Learning motivation is a very important factor in the learning process. High learning motivation can encourage students to undertake learning activities and will have an impact on student learning achievement. The study aims to look at the effectiveness of the implementation of information services with role-playing techniques to improve student learning motivation. This study uses a quantitative approach, with the kind of research Quasi Experiment project The Non Equivalent Control Group. As for the population in this study is the whole of students SMAN 2 Palembayan classes X and XI, sampling using purposive samplings, then sampled are classes XIF2 and XIF3. The technique used in the data collection is by spreading questionnaires in the form of motivational learning racket, further analysed using the comparison of the gain score table and the Mann U Whitney 2 Independent Sample Test. The results of this study show that the implementation of information services with role-playing techniques can improve student learning motivation.

Pengaruh Pendekatan Kontekstual terhadap Kemampuan Pemecah Masalah Matematika pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research aims to evaluate the effect of a contextual approach on students' mathematical problem solving abilities in curved geometric shapes. The literature review (SLR) study method was used to analyze 6 scientific articles relevant to the research topic. This research identifies themes and patterns that emerge regarding the influence of a contextual approach on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. The results of the analysis show that the application of the contextual approach has a positive influence on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Comparison table of scores for the experimental group achieved higher achievement than the control group. Data visualization graphs also reinforce these findings. The conclusion of this research confirms that the application of a contextual approach has a positive impact on solving mathematical problems in curved geometric shapes. The implications of these findings can be a guide for educators and researchers to enrich mathematics learning strategies by integrating everyday life contexts into geometry teaching&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

فعالية استخدام لعبة الكلمات المسلسلة لتعليم مهارة الكلام في الصف العاشر بالمدرسة الثانوية المنار فرامبون عانجوك

Speaking Arabic is one of the four skills that must be learned to master Arabic, which contains five elements, namely: speech, vocabulary, rhetoric, fluency, understanding. To make learning easier, researchers use a series of sentence games, because students tend to easily spread things in a fun way.The use of stringed sentence game methods in the learning of speech skills in class X MA Al Manar, aims to learn the results of the application of methods used in learning as well as expected students to be able to apply speaking skills in activities in the classroom using stringed games. The researchers used quantitative research methods, with data collection methods followed by observations, interviews, tests and documentation to find out the effectiveness of the use of string sentence games in Arabic language learning, especially speech skills.After the research process for six meetings in class X MIPA Al Manar Prambon Nganjuk, using the method of a series of sentence game. The test results showed the student's T score count: 6,759, while the T score Table: 2.080 shows the effectiveness of the use of this stringed sentence game.

Development of a Prediction Model and Corresponding Scoring Table for Postherpetic Neuralgia Using Six Machine Learning Algorithms: A Retrospective Study.

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a complication of herpes zoster, significantly impacts the quality of life of affected patients. Research indicates that early intervention for pain can reduce the occurrence or severity of PHN. This study aims to develop a predictive model and scoring table to identify patients at risk of developing PHN following acute herpetic neuralgia, facilitating informed clinical decision-making. We conducted a retrospective review of 524 hospitalized patients with herpes zoster at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from December 2020 to December 2023 and classified them according to whether they had PHN, collecting a comprehensive set of 30 patient characteristics and disease-related indicators, 5 comorbidity indicators, 2 disease score values, and 10 serological indicators. Relevant features associated with PHN were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Then, the patients were divided into a training set and a test set in a 4:1 ratio, with comparability tested using univariate analysis. Six models were established in the training set using machine learning methods: support vector machines, logistic regression, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, gradient boosting, and neural network. The performance of these models was evaluated in the test set, and a nomogram based on logistic regression was used to create a PHN prediction score table. Eight non-zero characteristic variables selected from the LASSO regression results were included in the model, including age [area under the curve (AUC)=0.812, p<0.001], Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (AUC=0.792, p<0.001), receiving treatment time (AUC=0.612, p<0.001), rash recovery time (AUC=0.680, p<0.001), history of malignant tumor (AUC=0.539, p<0.001), history of diabetes (AUC=0.638, p<0.001), varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin M (AUC=0.620, p<0.001), and serum nerve-specific enolase (AUC=0.659, p<0,001). The gradient boosting model outperformed other classifier models on the test set with an AUC of 0.931, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.882-0.980), accuracy of 0.886 (95% CI 0.809-0.940). In the test set, our predictive scoring table achieved an AUC of 0.820 (95% CI 0.869-0.970) with accuracy of 0.790 (95% CI 0.700-0.864). This study presents a methodology for predicting the development of postherpetic neuralgia in shingles patients by analyzing historical case data, employing various machine learning techniques, and selecting the optimal model through comparative analysis. In addition, a logistic regression model has been used to create a scoring table for predicting the postherpetic neuralgia.

Development and validation of a predictive model for severe white matter hyperintensity with obesity.

The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) with obesity (SWO), and to build a prediction model for screening obese people with severe WMH without Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination. From September 2020 to October 2021, 650 patients with WMH were recruited consecutively. The subjects were divided into two groups, SWO group and non-SWO group. Univariate and Logistic regression analysis were was applied to explore the potential predictors of SWO. The Youden index method was adopted to determine the best cut-off value in the establishment of the prediction model of SWO. Each parameter had two options, low and high. The score table of the prediction model and nomogram based on the logistic regression were constructed. Of the 650 subjects, 487 subjects (75%) were randomly assigned to the training group and 163 subjects (25%) to the validation group. By resampling the area under the curve (AUC) of the subject's operating characteristics and calibration curves 1,000 times, nomogram performance was verified. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the nomogram's clinical usefulness. By resampling the area under the curve (AUC) of the subject's operating characteristics and calibration curves 1,000 times, nomogram performance was verified. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the nomogram's clinical usefulness. Logistic regression demonstrated that hypertension, uric acid (UA), complement 3 (C3) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) were independent risk factors for SWO. Hypertension, UA, C3, IL-8, folic acid (FA), fasting C-peptide (FCP) and eosinophil could be used to predict the occurrence of SWO in the prediction models, with a good diagnostic performance, Areas Under Curves (AUC) of Total score was 0.823 (95% CI: 0.760-0.885, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 60.0%, specificity of 91.4%. In the development group, the nomogram's AUC (C statistic) was 0.829 (95% CI: 0.760-0.899), while in the validation group, it was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.696, 0.975). In both the development and validation groups, the calibration curves following 1,000 bootstraps showed a satisfactory fit between the observed and predicted probabilities. DCA showed that the nomogram had great clinical utility. Hypertension, UA, C3, IL-8, FA, FCP and eosinophil models had the potential to predict the incidence of SWO. When the total score of the model exceeded 9 points, the risk of SWO would increase significantly, and the nomogram enabled visualization of the patient's WMH risk. The application prospect of our models mainly lied in the convenient screening of SWO without MRI examination in order to detect SWO and control the WMH hazards early.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes from the randomized, double-blind phase 3 KEYNOTE-671 study of perioperative pembrolizumab for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

8012 Background: Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab + cisplatin-based chemotherapy (neoadj pembro + chemo), resection, and adjuvant (adj) pembro (pembro arm; n=397) significantly improved EFS, OS, pCR, and mPR and had an expected safety profile versus neoadj placebo (pbo) + chemo, resection, and adj pbo (pbo arm; n=400) in patients (pts) with resectable stage II, IIIA, or IIIB (N2) NSCLC. We present prespecified pt-reported outcome (PRO) endpoints from KEYNOTE-671. Methods: Pts completed EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 questionnaires at baseline (BL), the last scheduled presurgery visit, adj cycles 1-4, 7, 10, and 13, and each post treatment visit. A constrained longitudinal data analysis model was used to estimate least squares mean (LSM) score changes from BL to neoadj wk 11 and adj wk 10 (latest time of ≥60% completion and ≥80% compliance) in QLQ-C30 global health status (GHS)/QoL, physical functioning (PF), role functioning (RF), and dyspnea and QLC-LC13 cough and chest pain in all treated pts who completed ≥1 PRO assessment. Data are from interim analysis 2 (10 Jul 2023 cutoff). Results: Across arms, questionnaire completion was ≥87% at neoadj wk 11 and ≥62% at adj wk 10; compliance was ≥87% and ≥92%, respectively. There were no differences in LSM change from BL in the neoadj or adj phase for any PRO score (Table). Conclusions: Adding perioperative pembro maintained HRQoL in both the neoadj and adj settings versus neoadj chemo and surgery alone in pts with resectable early-stage NSCLC. Together with the significant efficacy improvements and absence of new safety signals, HRQoL data support the perioperative pembro regimen as a new standard of care. Clinical trial information: NCT03425643 . [Table: see text]

Overall survival in older patients with urologic cancer using G8 and G8m in a Brazilian cancer center.

e13760 Background: Aging is a significant risk factor for cancer, with a notable incidence among the elderly. To provide better assistance, international societies recommend the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), a multidisciplinary process aimed at developing a personalized treatment plan. However, CGA requires considerable time and specialized human resources, hindering its use in some healthcare systems. Also, CGA is not recommended for all older cancer patients. Current guidelines recommend the use of high-sensitivity screening tools, such as G8 and G8-modified (G8m), to identify those in CGA need. We aimed to verify the one-year overall survival associated with the G8 and G8m scores in patients aged ≥ 60 years with urological tumors. Methods: For this observational and prospective study, sociodemographic data were collected, G8 and G8m were applied to individuals aged ≥ 60 years with urologic cancer diagnosed within 6 months or prior to a change in therapeutic strategy, from Feb22 to Jan23. The occurrence of outcome (overall survival) was assessed in 1 year after these screening tools. Statistical analyzes were performed, such as mean, median, standard deviation and proportions, as well Kappa Coefficient to compare G8 versus G8m scores. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate one-year survival curves and Log-rank Test to evaluate the differences according to baseline scores from G8 (normal &gt;14 or abnormal ≤14) and G8m (normal &lt;6 or abnormal ≥6). Results: 58 participants were included, with a median age of 71 years old, and 93.1% of them were men. The most frequent cancer type was prostate (74.1%), followed by bladder cancer (13.8%). 45 patients (77.6%) were changing treatment strategy, and 13 (22.4%) received a diagnosis within 6 months. Most patients (70.7%) were stage IV. The G8 mean score was 13.5 (±2.6) and G8m, 7.9 (±7.2). A moderate agreement (77.8%) was found between normal G8 and G8m scores (Kappa = 0.551 and p &lt;0.001) (Table). 9 individuals (15.1%) died within 1 year and all of whom had scored abnormally in G8 and G8m. The Kaplan-Meier estimator indicated that abnormal G8 and G8m scores impacted the one-year survival (p = 0.002, for both tools). Conclusions: In older patients with urologic cancer, G8 and G8m showed similar results in identifying patients with frailties who would require a CGA. In addition, this study indicates the predictive value of G8 and G8m for one-year overall survival in this setting. Therefore, our findings support the use of these geriatric screening tools in daily practice of Geriatric Oncology, optimizing treatment planning for older patients. [Table: see text]

Abstract PS10-06: Contribution of a breast cancer polygenic risk score to mammography artificial intelligence models and breast density for long term breast cancer risk prediction

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) models based on deep learning of mammogram images have been developed for lesion detection and diagnosis as well as breast cancer (BC) risk. We and others have shown that these AI models, coupled with breast density, predict long-term breast cancer risk. Common germline genetic variation, in particular a polygenic risk score (PRS) that captures the cumulative impact of hundreds of common risk variants, has been shown associated with 3-fold increased BC risk. The BC-PRS may complement imaging risk factors to improve identification of women at high BC risk and better target prevention strategies. We evaluated the contribution of a BC-PRS to two imaging-based AI models (Transpara AI cancer detection system and Mirai 5-year risk) and breast density measures to long-term BC risk. We hypothesized that the BC-PRS will improve long-term risk prediction above AI and density measures. We examined this hypothesis within a cohort of 10,271 women enrolled to the Mayo Clinic Biobank between 2009 and 2015. Eligible women had no prior cancer, were ages 35 to 85, had a full-field digital screening mammogram within two years of enrollment and genotyping by Regeneron. Incident invasive and DCIS BC was identified through the Mayo tumor registry and follow-up questionnaires, and person years were calculated from date of mammogram through date of BC, last mammogram at Mayo or last questionnaire. We estimated Transpara AI malignancy score (1-10), 5-year Mirai risk and Volpara volumetric density measures (volumetric percent density, dense volume) on screening mammograms at enrollment and obtained clinical BI-RADS density. We calculated the BC-PRS using 268 SNPs (of the 313-SNP score) and the weighted sum of the SNPs using odds ratios from the largest BC GWAS of European ancestry to date. We performed cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for age and BMI to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and C-statistics (AUC) to describe the contribution of BC-PRS (per standard deviation (SD)) to the association of AI scores and breast density with BC risk. Likelihood ratio tests (LRT) and bootstrapping were used to compare model performance with vs. without inclusion of BC-PRS, at 10-years follow-up. Comparisons to the Tyrer-Cuzick model are ongoing. Over a median of 9.1 years (Interquartile range, 6.8 to 10.6), 446 incident BC were identified of which 285 invasive and 103 DCIS were confirmed by pathology report (60 were self-reported); 399 (256 invasive) occurred within 10 years and were used in primary analyses. Transpara score [HR per 1 unit=1.18 (1.14, 1.23), AUC=0.655 (0.628, 0.682)] and Mirai risk [HR per SD log risk=1.54 (1.43, 1.65), AUC=0.681 (0.655, 0.706)] were both associated with BC. All three breast density measures were also significantly associated with BC, including in models with AI scores (Table). Addition of the BC-PRS to models with AI scores and breast density improved both model fit (All PLRT &amp;lt; 0.001; Table) and discrimination, with increases in AUC ranging from 0.033 to 0.034 for models with Transpara and density and 0.025 to 0.026 for models with Mirai and density (all P-values &amp;lt; 0.001; Table). Analyses restricted to invasive BC showed identical results. But, the BC-PRS contribution at 5-year follow-up was attenuated. In this cohort study, we found BC-PRS contributed to long-term risk prediction of BC above imaging AI models and breast density. Imaging and genetic risk factors are complementary and may outperform existing risk models and provide more accurate risk assessment to aid in precision prevention strategies. Citation Format: Celine Vachon, Christopher Scott, Imon Banerjee, Ramon Correa Moderno, Dan Hursh, Matthew Jensen, Yvonne Wang, Kathleen Brandt, Karla Kerlikowske, Sandhya Pruthi, Fergus Couch, Stacey Winham. Contribution of a breast cancer polygenic risk score to mammography artificial intelligence models and breast density for long term breast cancer risk prediction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS10-06.

Humane Endpoints in Swiss Webster Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii RH Strain.

The highly virulent Toxoplasma gondii RH strain is maintained through successive passages in mice, but there is still a lack of studies that refine these procedures from a 3Rs perspective, where humanitarian ideals aim to minimize the stress, pain, or suffering of the animals used in the research without the loss of results. The aim of this study was to establish humane endpoints in Swiss Webster mice inoculated with the T. gondii RH strain. A total of 52 mice were infected with 5 × 106 tachyzoites/mL and monitored for periods of up to 5 days. The parameters body weight; hair condition; higher than normal body temperature; hypothermia; respiratory function; pain; soft stools or diarrhea; bloody diarrhea; tense, nervous, or in distress during handling; and ascites were recorded daily in score tables. The results showed that prominent piloerection, respiratory function, pain parameters, and ascites are important clinical signs to be used as a cut-off point for implementing euthanasia. The application of this refinement method helped to avoid animal suffering and pain without compromising the number of parasites recovered. We therefore suggest adopting these parameters in research protocols that require the maintenance of the T. gondii RH strain in murine models to avoid and reduce animal suffering.

Repurposing non-pharmacological interventions for Alzheimer's disease through link prediction on biomedical literature

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) have great potential to improve cognitive function but limited investigation to discover NPI repurposing for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This is the first study to develop an innovative framework to extract and represent NPI information from biomedical literature in a knowledge graph (KG), and train link prediction models to repurpose novel NPIs for AD prevention. We constructed a comprehensive KG, called ADInt, by extracting NPI information from biomedical literature. We used the previously-created SuppKG and NPI lexicon to identify NPI entities. Four KG embedding models (i.e., TransE, RotatE, DistMult and ComplEX) and two novel graph convolutional network models (i.e., R-GCN and CompGCN) were trained and compared to learn the representation of ADInt. Models were evaluated and compared on two test sets (time slice and clinical trial ground truth) and the best performing model was used to predict novel NPIs for AD. Discovery patterns were applied to generate mechanistic pathways for high scoring candidates. The ADInt has 162,212 nodes and 1,017,284 edges. R-GCN performed best in time slice (MR = 5.2054, Hits@10 = 0.8496) and clinical trial ground truth (MR = 3.4996, Hits@10 = 0.9192) test sets. After evaluation by domain experts, 10 novel dietary supplements and 10 complementary and integrative health were proposed from the score table calculated by R-GCN. Among proposed novel NPIs, we found plausible mechanistic pathways for photodynamic therapy and Choerospondias axillaris to prevent AD, and validated psychotherapy and manual therapy techniques using real-world data analysis. The proposed framework shows potential for discovering new NPIs for AD prevention and understanding their mechanistic pathways.

Development of application-based learning for autistic students

Poor levels of physical activity, cognitive ability, and social interaction are demonstrated in autistic children. These learning barriers in the school environment must be explicitly managed, including in terms of designing objectives, materials, methods, tools, and evaluations to achieve the actual learning objectives. Due to the complex learning barriers in autistic children, conventional learning must be collaborated with assistive technology. Based on these problems, this research aims to develop a drag-and-drop game application equipped with basic motion animation instructions. The research and development method uses the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages. The effectiveness test is carried out with a one-group pretest-posttest design, with treatment for three days and a duration of 105 minutes. With the results of the research based on the results of this overall trial, a score of 81.1% was obtained, which, when viewed from the classification table of product effectiveness scores, was included in the category of very valid for use in learning. The effectiveness test obtained a Sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000 &lt;0.05 means Hₐ is accepted and has a significant effect on student learning outcomes. This development concludes that although the development results can be used well, teachers' ability to manage classrooms remains dominant in maintaining and regulating the learning focus of children with autism. Therefore, further research can develop and collaborate between assistive technology and learning models for physical education that can be applied and adapted to both group and individual physical activities for autistic children.

Art therapy with adult refugees: A systematic review of qualitative research

There are currently no systematic reviews that evaluate art therapy as a treatment for trauma in adult refugees. With over 32.5 million refugees worldwide as of mid-2022, many of them facing trauma, it’s crucial that access to proper therapeutic support be available. Art therapy de-emphasizes verbal communication, which may help refugees facing language barriers and difficulties talking about their experiences. Most of the research on this topic is qualitative, so a qualitative meta-analysis as outlined by Timulak (2009) was attempted. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were made based on date, publication type, sample size, data collection method, participant information, type of therapeutic intervention, and data analysis method. Out of 594 articles located, selection resulted in only N = 4 studies. Timulak recommends 8–16 articles for meta-analysis. Therefore, studies were instead summarized in a box score table. Results revealed that art therapy shows potential, but no reliable conclusions can be drawn because, despite a large body of literature, there are very few empirical studies in this field. Considering this, further primary empirical research must be done. Results suggest that building culturally significant art forms into therapy may be a particularly helpful avenue of exploration.

Observational Analysis: A Prospective Study of the Correlation Between the State of the Maternal Spine and the Progress of Labor Under Epidural Analgesia

Background: People have always believed that going through the process of childbirth is a gift, although pain experienced during labor by a woman occupies the second level in the pain score table. But that belief that one has to undergo pain during labor is slowly fading away, as we are entering an era where women are seeking options for painless labor, and delivery. Objective: To evaluate the spine of women in labor opting for epidural analgesia. To correlate the abnormal position of the maternal spine to the progress of labor and outcomes. Methods: The current prospective observational study performed between 2021-2023 had enrolled 200 women who were given epidural analgesia irrespective of stage of labor. Women who had a history of spine surgeries or congenital spinal deformities were excluded. Results: Of the 200 women included in the study, 80 women showed a deviation of spine mostly to the right from the midline or significant lordosis, irrespective of babies’ weight and maternal height. Out of the 80 women, 70 women ended up in an emergency cesarean section. Of the 70 women who were taken up for emergency c-sections, the major indication was nonprogress of the second stage of labor. Ten patients had a vaginal delivery, of which 3 had assisted instrumental delivery due to a prolonged second stage and poor maternal efforts. Conclusion: Irrespective of maternal height, weight of the baby, and stages of labor, if the spine shows lordosis with significant deviation from the midline most commonly towards the right it can have a significant impact on the progress of labor and outcomes.

The development of a common cause factor score table on IEC 61508 Part 6 Edition 2.0

A common cause factor (CCF) significantly affects achieving high safety integrity levels (SIL), such as SIL3 and SIL4. Even with very low dangerous undetected failure rates, a high CCF reduces the resulting SIL. This study proposes a new method to classify common causes, to establish more practical countermeasures for lower CCF. Real statistics guide the classification into hardware failures, systematic failures, and human errors. To determine CCF, it is crucial to thorough investigate countermeasures for these three common causes on-site. The prevailing method for CCF determination uses a score table from the latest International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61508. However, some controversies surround this table. This study proposes a new table based on systematic classifications (hardware failures, systematic failures, and human errors). Additionally, the table is designed to include elements for the latest technologies, such as digital transformation systems in process safety, aligning with the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) report requirements. A case study illustrates the efficacy of the proposed study, revealing that the proposed table is more effective in preventing accidents than the latest IEC 61508 Part 6 Edition 2.0.