T2 Group Research Articles

Economics of Feeding Rice DDGS and Mixture of Wheat Straw and Groundnut Straw to Growing Crossbred Heifers

Feeding of growing heifers is generally ignored by the farmers as they do not want to spend their limited recourses during their non-productive growing phase. This deprives heifers of essential nutrients. Present study was planned on twenty-four HF×Kankrej heifers (avg. BW=116.13±4.74kg) and conducted for 168 days to note the effect of feeding rice DDGS and mixture of wheat straw and groundnut straw on feeding cost and feed efficiency. Three different concentrates containing 0%, 20% and 40% rice DDGS (RDDGS) were offered to T1, T2 and T3 group heifers, respectively. Under each group half of the heifers were offered wheat straw and another half a mixture of wheat straw (50%) and groundnut straw (50%). The protein requirement of heifers was fulfilled as per ICAR (2013) feeding standards. Cost of feeding under different treatments was calculated from the records of daily feed consumption and by considering the procurement cost of feeds and fodders. The recorded data was analyzed by RBD factorial design. Daily feed cost (₹/head/d) reduced linearly and significantly (p<0.05) on replacing soyaDOC with RDDGS. Feed cost (₹/kg BW gain) also reduced linearly but there was significant (p<0.05) reduction only when 40% soyaDOC in concentrate was replaced with RDDGS. There was net saving of ₹ 11.91 and ₹ 23.83/kg BW gain on replacing half and full soyaDOC with RDDGS. Daily feed cost (₹/head/d) increased significantly on feeding mixture of groundnut straw and wheat straw but the feed efficiency improved as feed cost (₹/kg BW gain) reduced by 4.74 % in heifers.

Effect of Bedding Systems on Hygiene and Milk Yield of Crossbred Dairy Cows

In dairy cattle, bedding and its management contribute predominantly to the comfort of the cow, udder health and milk quality. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of different bedding materials such as concrete floor, rubber mats, coir pith and dried solid manure on hygiene and milk yield and in crossbred dairy cows. Twenty-four crossbred cows with six animals in each group were selected for the study for one lactation period spread over three different seasons. The control group (T1) was maintained in concrete floor without any bedding material. In (T2) rubber mats of 1.2 m × 1.8 m × 0.025m area were provided on concrete floor. In (T3) coir pith and (T4) dried solid manure (DSM) on concrete floor was the bedding. The mean tail head, upper rear limb, ventral abdomen, udder and lower rear limb hygiene score of the T1 group were higher than other groups, which indicated that the cows became ‘dirty’ and the T3 group had lower score than others which denoted cows were ‘very clean’ with significant difference (P<0.01) between them. The range of hygiene score in cows of T2 group revealed that the cows were ‘average to dirty’ whereas in T4 ‘clean to average’. The hygiene score of cows improved during summer season and reduced in monsoon. The cows of T1 group had the lowest overall daily milk yield (8.66 ± 0.22 kg) while the cows of T3 group had the highest yield (9.98 ± 0.30 kg).

Sex Differences and Positive Dose-Response Relationships between Serum Osteocalcin Levels and Low Muscle Strength

Introduction: Impaired handgrip strength is an indication for sarcopenia and frailty screening, and is associated with increased osteoporotic risks and all-cause mortality. Osteocalcin, secreted by osteoblasts, is a versatile factor that participates in bone turnover and muscle adaptation. The role of osteocalcin in muscle strength has mainly been discussed in animal models and requires more human data. The study aimed to investigate the association between the serum osteocalcin level and handgrip strength in middle-aged individuals and older adults with diabetes. Methods: Adult participants (aged 40 and above, N = 237) with diabetes were enrolled in a medical center in northern Taiwan. Subjects were divided into normal, low muscle mass without dynapenia, dynapenia without low muscle mass, and groups of low muscle mass with dynapenia according to their handgrip strength and muscle mass measurements. Physical performance, including handgrip strength, repeated sit-to-stand tests, walking speed, and short physical performance batteries, was documented. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: The median serum osteocalcin level was highest in the dynapenic group without low muscle mass (median [Q1, Q3], 14.1 [11.2, 16.3] ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression showed that a higher serum osteocalcin level was associated with worse handgrip strength (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.66–9.10) after adjusting for body mass index (adiposity), skeletal muscle mass index (muscle), and medication with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Further sex stratification revealed a more significant association between serum osteocalcin level and impaired handgrip strength in women but not in men. The female groups showed increases in the risk of impaired handgrip strength: 4.84-fold in the osteocalcin T2 group (11.4 ≤ osteocalcin <15.0 ng/mL) and 4.54-fold in the osteocalcin T3 group (osteocalcin ≥15.0 ng/mL). Moreover, after adjusting for various confounders, 8.41-fold and 8.03-fold increases in the risk of impaired handgrip strength were observed in the osteocalcin T2 group (11.4≤ osteocalcin <15.0 ng/mL) and osteocalcin T3 group (osteocalcin ≥14.5 ng/mL), respectively. Conclusion: Higher serum osteocalcin is associated with increased risks of impaired handgrip strength and impaired physical performance. Dose-dependent associations were found especially in postmenopausal women but not in men.

Efficacy of Dietary Fenugreek and Kalonji Seed Powder on Carcass Traits of Guinea Fowls

A study was conducted on 100, day old guinea fowls (Pearl variety) for 12 weeks to study the efficacy of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and kalonji (Nigella sativa) seed powder supplementation on carcass traits and meat composition of thigh and breast. The experimental guinea fowls were randomly divided into five treatment groups viz. T1 control, T2 (2.0% fenugreek seed powder), T3 (1.0% kalonji seed powder), T4 (2.0% fenugreek +1.0% kalonji seed powder) and T5 (1.0% fenugreek + 0.5% kalonji seed powder), with two replications of ten guinea fowls each. The supplementation was done for 84 days. On 84th day, three guinea fowls from each replicate (6 guinea fowls/treatment) were sacrificed for study of carcass yield, cut up parts, organ weights and processing losses. The results indicated that dietary fenugreek and kalonji seed powder supplementation in guinea fowls improved dressed yield in T4 group of guinea fowls. Cut up parts in terms of thigh weights were improved in fenugreek and kalonji seed powder supplemented groups with maximum weight observed in T5 group of guinea fowls whereas breast weight was significantly increased in T4 group of guinea fowls. From the results of present study, it can be concluded that combination of fenugreek (2%) and kalonji (1%) seed powder through feed may be advised to improve carcass yield in guinea fowls.

Update on the outcome of patients with metastatic prostate cancer in Kentucky: A Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) study.

e17121 Background: Overall survival (OS) of metastatic Prostate Cancer (mPC) in USA has improved by 3.6% during 2011–2016 compared to 2001–2005 (CDC, Oct 2020). Improvements in OS for mPC might reflect changes in clinical management, with approval of several new treatments. We aim to analyze if there is an improvement in OS of mPC in Kentucky between 2004-2011(T1) and 2012-2019(T2) and also analyze the impact of socioeconomic status as defined by Area Deprivation Index (ADI) on survival of mPC. Methods: All Kentucky male patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2019 who were &gt; 20 years old at diagnosis with first primary of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma were extracted from the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) data. Basic demographics and survival outcomes were compared between two time periods - T1 vs T2 and by Appalachian status. Kaplan Meir (KM) and Multivariate Cox Regression (MCR) were used to examine OS. ADI is divided into three groups – bottom tertile (low deprivation-ADI 1-3, Gr 1), middle tertile (ADI 4-6, Gr 2), and top tertile (high deprivation-ADI 7-10, Gr 3). Results: A total of 2619 patients with mPC were included in this retrospective analysis, of which 69.3% were Non-Appalachian (Non-AP) and 30.7% were Appalachian (AP). Caucasians predominated in both time periods (89.2% vs 90%). T2 had a higher proportion of patients aged 50-74 years (72.5% vs 64.2%), and private insurance (31.4% vs 27.1%) compared to T1. T1 had more patients who were &gt; 75 years (31.6% vs 24.8%), smokers (51.2% vs 47.4%), had medicare (59.6% vs 56.8%) and no insurance (4.2% vs 1.5%) compared to T2. KM showed improved OS in T2 (p &lt; 0.0001). Non-AP had better OS compared to AP and improved more between T1 &amp; T2. Median OS in months(95% CI) in T1 vs T2 for Non-AP was - 30(27-38) vs 58(53-69), p &lt; 0.0001 &amp; for AP was -34 (27-39) vs 44 (37-51), p = 0.0163. MCR showed that younger age, private insurance, being a nonsmoker, and receiving treatment, contributed to better OS. Gr 3 had higher proportion of African Americans (10.7% vs 6.5%), less private insurance (23.9% vs 39.7%) and more patients receiving no treatment (10.9% vs 7.5%) compared to Gr 1. AP Kentucky had more patients in Gr 3 (60.5% vs 39.5%) compared to Non-AP. KM showed OS had improved for all ADI groups in T2 vs T1. Within ADI groups, Gr 3 had significantly lower OS compared to Gr 1 &amp; Gr 2 (p = 0.04) in T2. In T1, OS was not different within ADI groups. In MCR, race and ADI did not impact OS. Conclusions: OS has improved in mPC patients in Kentucky during 2012-2019, likely due to new treatments being available. There is improvement in OS in Appalachian Kentucky but numerically lower than Non-Appalachian, and worse OS in Gr 3 during 2012-2019 which could be partially due to differences in access to new treatments (or quality of care). Interestingly, race did not impact survival.

Profile of maternal serum oxytocin in postpartum and non-pregnant rats

Oxytocin is primarly secreted in the brain as a neuromodulator that affects numerous neurophysiological and behavioral processes. It is also produced in the ovaries and uterus to stimulate delivery and lactation. Oxytocin mRNA is found in the endometrial epithelial cells of non-pregnant women during ovulation and menstruation. Until recently, there have been no data on scientific-level oxytocin in virgin female rats. This study aimed to compare the level of oxytocin in different physical biology between postpartum and non-pregnant experimental animals (virgin or had never given birth). This experimental study was conducted on 19 female white rats (Rattus norvegicus) allocated to two groups: T1 and T2. The ten rats in group T1 (nulliparous virgin) and the nine in group T2 (postpartum) were sacrificed on day two, except for group T1, which were sacrificed following vaginal delivery. Blood was collected intracardiacally, and serum oxytocin levels were evaluated using an ELISA assay. The T-test was used for statistical data analysis. The serum oxytocin level in the T2 group (628.06 ± 168.72 pg/mL) was significantly higher than in the T1 group (366.71 ± 185.03 pg/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, oxytocin levels were higher in postpartum animals than in virgin animals. Thus, oxytocin plays a greater role in female reproduction than in normal physiological condition.

Association of triglyceride-glucose index with early neurological deterioration events in patients with acute ischemic stroke

BackgroundThe Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) index has been found to have a strong correlation with the recurrence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and poor patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the relationship between the TyG index and early neurological deterioration (END) has not been fully explored. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the potential association between the TyG index and END.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 2129 patients diagnosed with AIS between January 2019 and December 2022 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Patients were divided into END and non-END groups based on changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores within 7 days of admission, and the differences in the indicators between the two groups were examined using univariate analysis. The patients were then divided into three groups based on the tertile of the TyG index (T1: TyG index < 8.662; T2: 8.662 ≤ TyG index < 9.401; T3: TyG index ≥ 9.401), and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the TyG index and END. Finally, the predictive ability of the TyG index was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsA total of 724 patients experienced END. The results of the analysis showed that the TyG index was significantly higher in the END group compared to the non-END group. Furthermore, the TyG index was found to be an independent risk factor for the development of END (OR, 1.561; 95% 1.166–2.090, P = 0.003). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of END was 3.953 (95% CI 2.793–5.595; P < 0.001) and 5.906 (95% CI 3.676–9.488; P < 0.001) times higher in the T2 and T3 groups, respectively, in contrast to the T1 group. The area under the ROC curve of the TyG index was 0.711 (0.688–0.733), indicating an excellent predictive indicator.ConclusionsOur study uncovered that higher TyG index levels were associated with END development in AIS patients.

ГЛУБОКОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ МЕТОДАМ ЗАЩИТЫ ОТ АТАК

In recent years, machine learning algorithms, or rather deep learning algorithms, have beenwidely used in many fields, including cybersecurity. However, machine learning systems are vulnerableto attacks by attackers, and this limits the use of machine learning, especially in nonstationaryenvironments with hostile actions, such as the cybersecurity field, where real attackersexist (for example, malware developers). With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI)and deep learning (GO) methods, it is important to ensure the safety and reliability of the implementedalgorithms. Recently, the vulnerability of deep learning algorithms to conflicting patternshas been widely recognized. Fabricated samples for analysis can lead to various violations of thebehavior of deep learning models, while people will consider them safe to use. The successful implementationof enemy attacks in real physical situations and scenarios of the real physical worldonce again proves their practicality. As a result, methods of adversarial attack and defense areattracting increasing attention from the security and machine learning communities and havebecome a hot topic of research in recent years not only in Russia, but also in other countries.Sberbank, Yandex, T1 Group, Atlas Medical Center and many others are developing competitivesolutions, including on the international market. Unfortunately, in the list of the 10 largest ITcompanies, the direction of Big Data, in particular, and protection against attacks is representedonly by the T1 Group company, but the market growth potential is huge. In this paper, the theoreticalfoundations, algorithms and application of methods of adversarial attacks of the enemy arepresented. Then a number of research papers on protection methods are described, covering awide range of research in this area. This article explores and summarizes adversarial attacks anddefenses, which represent the most up-to-date research in this field and meet the latest requirementsfor information security.

The association between triglyceride-glucose index and hyperferritinemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To investigate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and serum ferritin (SF) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 881 T2DM patients were divided into T1(TyG index < 1.66), T2 (1.66 ≤ TyG index < 2.21), and T3 (TyG index ≥ 2.21) groups according to the tertiles of the TyG index. The differences in SF levels and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia (SF ≥ 300ng/mL for male or SF ≥ 150ng/mL for female) were compared. The independent correlations between the TyG index and SF, and between hyperferritinemia and TyG in T2DM patients were analyzed, respectively. SF levels in male T2DM patients were higher in the T3 group (250.12ng/mL) than in the T1 and T2 groups (180.45 and 196.56ng/mL, both p < 0.01),while in female patients with T2DM,SF levels were higher in the T3 group (157.25ng/mL) than in the T1 group (111.06ng/mL, p < 0.05).The prevalence of hyperferritinemia in male T2DM patients was higher in the T3 group (31.3%) than those in the T1 and T2 groups (10.4% and 17.3%, both p < 0.05).The TyG index was positively correlated with SF levels in T2DM patients (R = 0.178, p < 0.001).TyG index was independently and positively correlated with SF levels after adjusting for confounders (β = 0.097, 95%CI [2.870,38.148], p = 0.023).The TyG index was positively independently correlated with hyperferritinemia in male T2DM patients (OR = 1.651, 95%CI [1.120,2.432], p = 0.011). In parallel with increasing TyG index SF levels gradually increased. The TyG index was positively correlated with SF levels in patients with T2DM and was positively correlated with hyperferritinemia in male T2DM patients.

Comparative Evaluation of Extruded Complete Feeds based on Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Straw, Areca (Areca catechu) Sheath and Maize (Zea mays) Cob in Mandya Lambs

Background: Although crop residues rich in lignocellulose are a potential source of energy, their utilization is limited due to lack of lignolytic activity of the rumen microbial population. Feed processing by heat treatment is known to break the ligno-cellulolse complexes, in which extrusion has been reported as one of the best processing techniques to improve the nutritional value and efficient utilization of complete diets. A comparative evaluation of extruded complete feed based on finger millet straw, a conventional crop residue, along with areca sheath and maize cob has been taken up in this study. Methods: The extruded complete feed was prepared using roughage and concentrate at proportion of 40:60, respectively. Twenty four Mandya lambs of about 3 to 4 months of age with body weight ranging from 7.8 to 12.9 kg were divided into three groups of eight each in a completely randomized design. Feeding trial was carried out for 12 weeks. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups viz., T1 (Finger millet straw based extruded complete feed), T2 (Areca sheath based extruded complete feed) and T3 (Maize cob based extruded complete feed). Digestion trial was conducted using 5 animals in each group during the last week of the growth trial. Result: Analysis of chemical composition (%) revealed that, maize cob and areca sheath were comparable with finger millet straw except that the maize cob contained lower total ash (2.52 v/s 8.61) and higher NDF and hemicellulose content (86.66 v/s71.61; 29.79 v/s17.18). Rumen in vitro net gas (ml / 200 mg DM / 24 h) production and energy density (ME MJ / kg DM) was higher in areca sheath and maize cob as compared to finger millet straw. There was significant difference in total DMI (g/d and g/kgW0.75) among the treatment groups (P£0.05). There was also a significant difference in OM, CP, EE and ADF intake (P£0.05). The ADG (g) and FCR (g DMI/ g BW gain) for T1, T2 and T3 groups were statistically non-significant. The mean apparent digestibility (%) of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF was significantly different among the treatment groups(P£0.01). The per cent Digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMDM) (T1:70.89,T2:76.13and T3:63.33) was also significantly different among the treatments (P£0.01). It was concluded that the growth rate of lambs fed finger millet straw, areca sheath and maize cob based extruded complete feeds was comparable and could be utilized to sustain production performance of growing Mandya lambs.

Evaluating the inclusion of phytase sources to phosphorus-free diets for GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Growth performance, intestinal morphometry, immune-antioxidant responses, and phosphorus utilization

The current study aimed at evaluating the growth performance, phosphorus (P) retention, and welfare status of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on P-free diets containing fungal phytase (FPhyt) and/or a novel hybrid bacterial phytase (HB-Phyt). The control reference diet (T1) was supplemented with dicalcium phosphate (DCP; 8.7 g total P/kg). Other five low-P (with no DCP; 5.9 g total P/kg feed) diets were supplemented with 500, 1000 FTU/g of FPhyt (T2-T3) or 500, 1000 FTU/g of HB-Phyt (T4 – T5), while T6 contained 1000 and 1000 FTU/g of both phytase sources. Each diet was allocated randomly to three 100-L tanks stocked with GIFT tilapia (n = 15 fish per tank, initial mean weight, 2.38 ± 0.22 g). Fish were fed on experimental diets up to satiation thrice a day for 60 days. Fish in T1, T3, T5, and T6 recorded highest growth performance; meanwhile, highest values of villi length/width and absorption area were observed in T3, T5, and T6 fish groups as compared with other groups. Highest values of hematological indices (red blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cell, and lymphocytes %) and immune-antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme, and respiratory burst activity) were highest in the case of fish in T3, T5, and T6 with no significant difference among them. Meanwhile, feeding fish on diets with 500 FPhytase (T2) or 500HB-Phyt (T4) showed lowest values of immune-antioxidant indices accompanied with highest value of malondialdehyde as compared with other treatments. Compared with other treatments, highest values of bone-P were observed in T3, T5, and T6, while highest whole-body P values were detected in T5 and T6 only, with no significant difference among them. The present study revealed much lower feed input per unit production accompanied with higher return on investment in GIFT fed on diets supplemented with 500 FTU/g of HB-Phyt than 1000 FTU/g of either FPhyt or HB-Phyt. Hence, the present study showed that the dietary inorganic P could be compensated by adding 1000 FTU/g of either FPhyt or HB-Phyt to fish diets. The growth and immune-antioxidant indices in fish fed with HB-Phyt were superior to FPhyt treatments. No synergetic effects of using both of FPhyt and HB-Phyt were detected in this study.

The Combination of Progesteron Sponge, PMSG and Minimal Dose PGf2 Alfa toward Sheep Pregnantion

Background: The goal of this study was to confirm the effects of the engineering design of the vaginal progesterone implant capsule, which had a 2 cm sponge with a diameter of 5 cm, a 2 cm porous capsule with a dose of 50 mg MAP in the centre and 13 cm nylon cord for keeping the sponge in position. Methods: A full concentrate total protein 17% consumed at 0.05 kg/day/head was previously administered to as many as 30 overweight ewes with a body score of at least 3 and those who were positively identified as having ever given birth to help them improve their body score condition. It was found that T0 consisted of 10 obese female sheep that underwent a normal oestrous cycle without oestrus synchronization therapy and waited for natural oestrus, while T1 and T2 consisted of 10 sheep that received progesterone implant capsule vaginal sponges with a dose of 50 mg MPA on day 0 getting 100 IU sc PMSG folligon intervet Holland in addition. Result: On day 35, the oestrous response was 100% and the pregnancy rates were 70%, 80% and 80% in T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively (p greater than 0.05). Progesterone levels in the groups non pregnant are 1,66±0.8; 1,23±0.78 and 1,60 ± 0.90 ng/ml (p greater than 0.05).

Organoleptic Quality, Pork Characterization and Hematological Indices of Growing Pigs Fed Supplemental Diets Containing Bitter Leaf and Hospital Too Far

Effect of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and hospital too far (Jathropha tanjorensis) leaf meals on organoleptic characteristics of pork and haematological indices of growing pigs was investigated. A total of 32 grower pigs were completely randomized into 4 dietary treatments. Eight young pigs were placed on each treatment with four replicates of 2 pigs each. Four diets were formulated: T1 (basal feed only), T2 (basal feed + 4% bitter leaf meal), T3 (basal feed + 4% hospital too far leaf meal) and T4 (basal feed + 2% bitter leaf meal + 2% hospital too far leaf meal). Haematological indices measured include: haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cells, and white blood cells from 16 pigs (4 per treatment). The pigs were thereafter slaughtered for carcass evaluation and organoleptic quality assessment. Results indicated significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in terms of carcass yield and primal cuts (loin, chump chop, breast and rib chop) for T3 followed by T2 and T4. Pigs in T3 group recorded the best dressing percentage and increase in the primal cuts. The test diets had no negative effects on the organoleptic quality of pork. However, T1 was significantly better in terms of tenderness followed by T2 and T4 indicated significant difference (P&lt;0.05) among treatment groups with the highest score recorded in T1. Red and white blood cells were significantly higher in the T3 group compared to other treatments. Haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly higher in the T4 group while the control (T1) had the least. MCH and MCHC were significantly higher in all treatments except in the control. It is concluded that the test diets improved the carcass characteristics, organoleptic quality and haematological indices of the pigs. Based on the results, hospital too far leaf meal (HTFLM) is recommended.

Comparison of machine learning models based on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound videos for the prediction of prostate cancer.

To establish machine learning (ML) prediction models for prostate cancer (PCa) using transrectal ultrasound videos and multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and compare their diagnostic performance. We systematically collated the data of 383 patients, including 187 with PCa and 196 with benign lesions. Of them, 307 patients (150 with PCa and 157 with benign lesions) were randomly selected to train and validate the ML models, 76 patients were used as test set. B-Ultrasound videos (BUS), mpMRI T2 sequence (T2), and ADC sequence (ADC) were obtained from all patients. We extracted 851 features of each patient in the BUS, T2, and ADC groups and used a t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and LASSO regression to screen the features. Support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (ADB), and gradient boosting machine (GBM) models were used to establish radiomics models. In addition, we fused the features screened via LASSO regression from three groups as new features and rebuilt ML models. The performance of the ML models in diagnosing PCa in the BUS, T2, ADC, and fusion groups was compared using the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In the test cohort, the AUC of each model in the ADC group was higher than that of in the.BUS and T2 groups. Among the models, the RF model had the best diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.85, sensitivity of 0.78 (0.61-0.89), specificity of 0.84 (0.69-0.94), and accuracy of 0.83 (0.66-0.93). The SVM model in both the BUS and T2 groups performed best. Based on the features screened in the BUS, T2, and ADC groups fused to construct the models, the SVM model was found to perform best, with an AUC of 0.87, sensitivity of 0.73 (0.56-0.86), specificity of 0.79 (0.63-0.90), and accuracy of 0.77 (0.59-0.89). The difference in the results was statistically significant (p<0.05). The ML prediction models had a good diagnostic ability for PCa. Among them, the SVM model in the fusion group showed the best performance in diagnosing PCa. These prediction models can help radiologists make better diagnoses.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST ARSENIC INDUCED TOXICITY IN CIRRHINUS MRIGALA

This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against Arsenic (As) induced toxicity in Cirrhinus mrigala in Tawakkal Fish Hatchery at Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan. 288 fingerlings were collected from fish pond and kept in circular tank for acclimatization. 12 fish about 100-day old having similar size were selected randomly and kept in separate glass aquaria for each treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and control group T4. Fish in treatments groups T1, T2 and T3 were exposed with water born sublethal concentration of 1/10th LC50 of arsenic (As) for 7days (240 hours). On 8th and 16th days of the experiment three fish were collected from each aquarium, humanly dissected targeted organ was taken out and used for liver, muscle, and gills antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological alteration. The findings indicate that in treatment group T2 which feed with 2% and 4% Moringa oleifera supplemented diet reduced significantly (P&lt;0.05) arsenic induced oxidative stress in fish, enhance the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but treatment group T2 is 2% Moringa oleifera supplemented diet is more effective near to control group T4 as compared to treatment group T3 with 4% Moringa oleifera supplemented. After 16 days exposure of 1/10th concentration of arsenic with 0% Moringa oleifera various degenerative alteration were seen in gills. In 2% and 4% Moringa oleifera with 1/10th arsenic, spiked secondary lamellae and lamellar epithelium lifting (EL) and rupture of epithelial layer (↑↑) and fusion of lamellae were observed at several points. Moringa oleifera is medicinal herb, which has various tremendous benefits.

Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and the presence and prognosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with chronic coronary syndrome

BackgroundCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a strong determinant of prognosis in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), an alternative method to evaluate insulin resistance, is positively correlated with the incidence and adverse outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between the TyG index and the presence and prognosis of CMD in CCS patients has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between the TyG index and the presence and clinical outcomes of CMD among CCS patients.MethodsCCS patients who underwent coronary angiography between June 2015 to June 2019 were included. The TyG index was calculated as Ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Coronary angiography‑derived index of microvascular resistance (caIMR) was used to measure microvascular function, and CMD was defined as caIMR ≥ 25U. Patients with CMD were divided into three groups (T1, T2, and T3 groups) according to TyG tertiles. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac event (MACE).ResultsOf 430 CCS patients, 221 patients had CMD. CMD patients had significantly higher TyG index than those without CMD. Sixty-three MACE was recorded during the follow-up duration among CMD patients, and the incidence rate of MACE was higher in the T3 group compared to T1/T2 groups (39.2% vs. 20.5% vs. 25.7%; P = 0.035). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the TyG index was an independent predictor of CMD (OR, 1.436; 95% CI, 1.014–2.034; P = 0.042). Compared to the T1 group, the T3 group strongly correlated with the risk of MACE in CMD patients even after adjusting for additional confounding risk factors (HR, 2.132; 95%CI, 1.066–4.261; P = 0.032).ConclusionTyG index is significantly associated with the risk of CMD, and it is an independent predictor of MACE among CMD patients with CCS. This study suggests that the TyG index has important clinical significance for the early prevention and risk stratification of CMD.

The m6A/m5C/m1A regulator genes signature reveals the prognosis and is related with immune microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundRNA methylation is a crucial in many biological functions, and its aberrant regulation is associated with cancer progression. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A), 5-Methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A) are common modifications of RNA methylation. However, the effect of methylation of m6A/m5C/m1A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.MethodThe transcriptome datasets, clinic information, and mutational data of 48 m6A/m5C/m1A regulator genes were acquired from the TCGA database, and the prognostic hazard model was established by univariate and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression. The multivariate regression was performed to determine whether the risk score was an independent prognostic indicator. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and ROC curve analysis were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the risk model. Decision curve analysis（DCA）analysis was conducted to estimate the clinical utility of the risk model. We further analyzed the association between risk score and functional enrichment, tumor immune microenvironment, and somatic mutation.ResultThe four-gene (YTHDF1, YBX1, TRMT10C, TRMT61A) risk signature was constructed. The high-risk group had shorter overall survival (OS) than the low-risk group. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk score was an independent prognostic indicator. Risk scores in male group, T3 + T4 group and Stage III + IV group were higher in female group, T1 + T2 group and stage I + II group. The AUC values for 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS in the TCGA dataset were 0.764, 0.693, and 0.689, respectively. DCA analysis showed that the risk score had a higher clinical net benefit in 1- and 2-year OS than other clinical features.The risk score was positively related to some immune cell infiltration and most immune checkpoints.ConclusionWe developed a novel m6A/m5C/m1A regulator genes' prognostic model, which could be applied as a latent prognostic tool for HCC and might guide the choice of immunotherapies.

Incidence of Mid-Term Prognostic Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome During the Late 2010s in 2 Tertiary Hospitals in a Rural Area of Japan - A Temporal Comparison.

Background: Data on the incidence of mid-term prognostic events in patients who developed acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the late 2010s are scarce. Methods and Results: We retrospectively included and collected data for 889 patients with ACS (ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]/non-ST-elevation ACS [NSTE-ACS]) discharged alive from 2 tertiary hospitals in Izumo City, in rural Japan, between August 2009 and July 2018. Patients were divided into 3 time groups (T1: August 2009-July 2012; T2: August 2012-July 2015; T3: August 2015-July 2018). The cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; comprising all-cause death, recurrent ACS, and stroke), major bleeding, and heart failure hospitalization within 2 years of discharge was compared among the 3 groups. The incidence of freedom from MACE was significantly higher in the T3 group than in the T1 and T2 groups (93 [95% confidence interval {CI} 90-96%] vs. 86% [95% CI 83-90] and 89% [95% CI 90-96], respectively; P=0.03). There was a tendency for a higher incidence of STEMI among patients in T3 (P=0.057). The incidence of NSTE-ACS was comparable among the 3 groups (P=0.31), as was the incidence of major bleeding and hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: The incidence of mid-term MACE in patients who developed ACS during the late 2010 s (2015-2018) was lower than that in prior periods (2009-2015).

Treatment of FIGO 2018 stage IIIC cervical cancer with different local tumor factors

BackgroundTo compare the oncological outcomes of patients with FIGO 2018 stage IIIC cervical cancer (CC) involving different local tumor factors who underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH), neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery (NACT), or radical chemoradiotherapy (R-CT).MethodsBased on tumor staging, patients with stage IIIC were divided into T1, T2a, T2b, and T3 groups. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to compare their overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of 5 years.ResultsWe included 4,086 patients (1,117, 1,019, 869, and 1,081 in the T1, T2a, T2b, and T3 groups, respectively). In the T1 group, NACT was correlated with a decrease in OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.631, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.150–2.315, P = 0.006) and DFS (HR = 1.665, 95% CI: 1.255–2.182, P < 0.001) than ARH. ARH and NACT were not correlated with OS (P = 0.226 and P = 0.921) or DFS (P = 0.343 and P = 0.535) than R-CT. In the T2a group, NACT was correlated with a decrease in OS (HR = 1.454, 95% CI: 1.057–2.000, P = 0.021) and DFS (HR = 1.529, 95% CI: 1.185–1.974, P = 0.001) than ARH. ARH and NACT were not correlated with OS (P = 0.736 and P = 0.267) or DFS (P = 0.714 and P = 0.087) than R-CT. In the T2b group, NACT was correlated with a decrease in DFS (HR = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.347–2.532, P < 0.001) than R-CT nevertheless was not correlated with OS (P = 0.146); ARH was not correlated with OS (P = 0.056) and DFS (P = 0.676). In the T3 group, the OS rates of ARH (n = 10), NACT (n = 18), and R-CT (n = 1053) were 67.5%, 53.1%, and 64.7% (P = 0.941), and the DFS rates were 68.6%, 45.5%, and 61.1%, respectively (P = 0.761).ConclusionR-CT oncological outcomes were not entirely superior to those of NACT or ARH under different local tumor factors with stage IIIC. NACT is not suitable for stage T1, T2a, and T2b. Nevertheless ARH is potentially applicable to stage T1, T2a, T2b and T3. The results of stage T3 require confirmation through further research due to disparity in case numbers in each subgroup.

Effect of Feeding Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), and Legume Non-Legume Roughage on Growth Rate and Haematological Profile of Crossbred Heifers

The study was undertaken on HF x K heifers (n=24) to evaluate the effect of feeding distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) and Soy DOC alone or in combination with cereal and/or legume straws as TMR from average 8 months till 19 months of age on their growth, health and haematological profile. Heifers were uniformly distributed into six treatment groups and were fed concentrate and roughage 50-50 ratio. They were offered three different types of concentrates containing 0, 20 and 40% rice DDGS, each half with wheat straw (25%) and another half as a mixture of wheat straw and groundnut gotar. Heifers were also offered green hybrid Napier @ 2 kg/h/d up to 100 kg BW and 4 kg/h/d for above 100 kg BW and Amul’s Chelated Mineral Mixture @ 35 g/animal/d. The protein requirement was met as per the ICAR (2013) feeding standard. Heifers were offered measured extra wheat straw if no leftover was observed from next day. Higher body weight gain (BWG) was observed in 40% DDGS and legume straw fed groups as compared to 40% soy DOC and cereal straw fed groups. The average Hb, PCV and MCHC were significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher, while WBCs and Platelets were lower in T2 group heifers fed concentrate with 20% soya DOC + 20% RDDGS, irrespective of roughage, as compared to 40% soya DOC (T1) and 40% RDDGS (T3), and there was no significant effect on RBCs, granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. When concentrate source was ignored, only the platelet count was significantly higher in R2 group fed a mixture of legume-nonlegume than R1 group fed only the wheat straw in TMR. There was significant (p&lt;0.05) interaction between concentrate and roughage source on WBC count. Lowest WBC (103/µL) count was found in T1R1 and highest in T1R2 group crossbred heifers. The effect of period x treatment was significant particularly on WBCs, granulocytes and monocytes for first 3-4 months of feeding, perhaps due to adaptive effect of solvent present in RDDGS. Overall the average haematological profile in experimental heifers was close to the reference range for healthy bovine. So it can be concluded that feeding DDGS in place of soy DOC in concentrate and feeding a mixture of groundnut gotar and wheat straw to growing crossbred heifers from 8 months till puberty/19 months improves growth rate without adverse effect on the health and haematological profile.