T2DM Rats Research Articles

Effects of Gymnema Sylvestre on glucose-lipid metabolism and adipo-cytokines in Type 2 DM Rats

Objective To investigate the effects of Gymnema Sylvestre on glucose-lipid metabolism and adipo-cytokines in T2 DM Rats. Methods The T2 DM rats induced by high lipid diet and small dosage intraperitoneal injection of STZ, were randomly divided into model group (DM), high dose GS group (GSH),low dose GS group (GSL) and pioglitazone group (Pio, n= 8 in each). Each group has a DM inserted by gavage.Four weeks later, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin (INS), blood lipid (TG, CHOL, HDL and LDL), free fatty acdi (FFA), TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP)and adiponcetin(ADPN) were detected.Results Compare to model group, the levels of FBG, INS, Blood lipid, FFA, TNF-α and CRP were decreased in GSH and Pioglitazone groups, adiponcetin were increased in GSH and Pioglitazone groups, except in GSL group. Conclusion GS can improve the glucose-lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance in type 2diabetic mellitus rats. The mechanisms may be the amelioration of inflammatory response and adipocytokines,but still need further study to prove the conclusions. Key words: Gymnema Sylvestre; Diabetes mellitus; Glucose-lipid metabolism; Adipo-cytokines

Metabolic factors in the development of hepatic steatosis and altered mitochondrial gene expression in vivo

The objective of the study was to understand the role in vivo of elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, and glucose levels in the development of steatosis and altered mitochondrial gene/protein expression. We studied 4 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats: (1) high-fat diet (HFD), (2) high-dose streptozotocin–induced diabetes (T1DM), (3) low-dose streptozotocin–induced diabetic rats on an HFD (T2DM), and (4) controls. Liver histology and expression of genes/proteins related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and biogenesis were analyzed. Despite an attempt to compensate by increasing expression of genes of fatty acid oxidation (carnitine palmitoyl transferase–1/medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase), the HFD and diabetic groups developed marked steatosis and suffered a significant reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression (nuclear respiratory factor 1/transcriptional factor A, mitochondrial). In T2DM rats, the combination of high glucose and FFA unexpectedly did not lead to greater fat accumulation than HFD alone. Greater steatosis in HFD vs T2DM (P < .001) correlated with impairment in the gene expression of PPAR-α (ie, fatty acid oxidation) and PGC1α, a major coactivator for mitochondrial biogenesis. Steatosis was not severe in insulin-deficient T1DM rats despite very elevated FFA and glucose levels. Increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase–1/medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase/PPAR-α gene expression suggested inadequate adaptation to high FFA in both T1DM/T2DM rats. Hyperinsulinemia combined with elevated FFA is the key metabolic factor driving hepatic lipogenesis in vivo (HFD rats). Mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor 1; transcriptional factor A, mitochondrial) is highly susceptible to FFA-induced steatosis. In contrast, hyperglycemia does not have an additive effect (T2DM) and leads to only a modest degree of steatosis in the absence of hyperinsulinemia, even when FFA are extremely elevated as in T1DM rats.

E0429 Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit impaired mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells after acute myocardial infarction mediated by VEGF/Akt/eNOS/MMP9 pathway

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), with impairment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) function thought to be a contributing factor. EPCs from...

Sitagliptin protects renal ischemia reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetes

This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of sitagliptin on renal damage induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats. T2DM in rats was induced by the administration of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min prior to a single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.v.). In vivo renal I/R was performed in both T2DM and normal rats. Each protocol comprised ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h and a treatment period of 14 days before induction of ischemia. Sitagliptin treated diabetic rats that underwent renal I/R demonstrated significant decrease in the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase ( p < 0.01), urea nitrogen ( p < 0.01) and creatinine ( p < 0.001) compared to renal I/R in diabetic rats. Lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase activity, myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide level in renal tissue were significantly ( p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively) decreased after renal I/R in sitagliptin treated rats compared to diabetic rats. Antioxidant enzymes like glutathione ( p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase ( p < 0.001), superoxide dismutase ( p < 0.05) and catalase ( p < 0.001) were significantly increased after renal I/R in sitagliptin treated diabetic rats compared to non treated diabetic rats. The typical DNA laddering was observed when renal I/R performed in diabetic rats, which indicates cell apoptosis. Sitagliptin treated rats demonstrated a decrease in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Furthermore, renal histopathology preserved in sitagliptin treated rats verified protection against renal I/R in diabetes. The results of present investigation established sitagliptin treatment attenuated renal damage induced by renal I/R in diabetic rats.

Gamma-oryzanol Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Hyperlipidemia in Rats with Streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced Type 2 Diabetes

Gamma-oryzanol is a component of rice bran oil (RBO) with purported health benefits. This study evaluated the effects of gamma-oryzanol on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The rats were divided into three groups and consumed one of the following diets for 5 weeks: 15 % soybean oil (control group); 15 % palm oil (PO); and 15 % PO with the addition of 5.25 g gamma-oryzanol (POO). The results showed that PO markedly increased plasma low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and hepatic triglyceride levels, but did not reduce the area under the curve for glucose and insulin significantly, compared with the control group. Adding gamma-oryzanol to PO improved the negative influence of PO on lipid metabolism in T2DM rats. In addition, gamma-oryzanol tended to increase insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats compared to control and PO groups. Longer-term studies are needed to evaluate these effects further.

982. Delivery of Encapsulated VSMC Expressing GLP-1 To Treat Diabetic T2DM Rats

982. Delivery of Encapsulated VSMC Expressing GLP-1 To Treat Diabetic T2DM Rats

Effects of APS on the Activity of AMPK of STZ‐induced T2DM Rats

To investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) on the activity of AMPK of STZ‐induced T2DM rats. The T2DM model is duplicated by the high‐fat diet and small dose streptozotocin(STZ, 25 mg/kg,ip). After APS therapy (400 mg/kg/d,ig) for 6 weeks, blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyeride and serum insulin were observed. The insulin sensitivity were evaluated by the comprehensive analysis of OGTT. The activity of AMPK, the activity of ACC, and the expression of total AMPK were measured by Western blotting in skeleton muscle(by using Thr172‐pAMPK antibody, Ser79‐pACC antibody and total AMPK antibody). In this research, fat‐fed STZ‐induced diabetic rats were characterized with hyperglycemia and impaired oral glucose tolerance. After treatment with APS, there was a significant decrease in blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin and improved insulin sensitivityin diabetic rats, however, there was no change in blood insulin levels in all rats. The diabetic rats presented that there were obvious degrades in phosphorylation of AMPK and phosphorylation of ACC. After APS therapy, the activity of AMPK and ACC were restored partly. However, total expression of AMPK had no change during diabetes or treatment. The results showed that APS can decrease the content of blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin. In this model, the hypoglycemic activity of APS is at least in part by increasing the activity of AMPK and enables insulin‐sensitizing activity. This subject has a financial assistance by NSFC (30370673).

Effects of APS on the Pathological Changes of Pancreatic beta Cells of STZ‐induced T2DM Rats

Effects of APS on the Pathological Changes of Pancreatic beta Cells of STZ‐induced T2DM Rats

Protective effect of APS on the pathological changes of Muller cells of STZ‐induced T2DM Rats retina

Protective effect of APS on the pathological changes of Muller cells of STZ‐induced T2DM Rats retina