T1 Period Research Articles

Long-term stability of maxillary and mandibular arch dimensions when using rapid palatal expansion and edgewise mechanotherapy in growing patients.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the long-term stability of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) followed by full fixed edgewise appliances.MethodsThis study included 67 patients treated using Haas-type RPE and non-extraction edgewise appliance therapy at a single orthodontic practice. Serial dental casts were obtained at three different time points: pretreatment (T1), after expansion and fixed appliance therapy (T2), and at long-term recall (T3). The mean duration of the T1–T2 and T2–T3 periods was 4.8 ± 3.5 years and 11.0 ± 5.4 years, respectively. The dental casts were digitized, and the computed measurements were compared with untreated reference data.ResultsThe majority of treatment-related increases in the maxillary and mandibular arch measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and greater than expected for the untreated controls. Although many measurements decreased postretention (T2–T3), the net gains persisted for all of the measurements evaluated.ConclusionsThe use of RPE therapy followed by full fixed edgewise appliances is an effective method for increasing maxillary and mandibular arch width dimensions in growing patients.

Tibetan Plateau Cloud Structure and Cloud Water Content Derived from Millimeter Cloud Radar Observations in Summer

The properties of cloud occurrence frequency and cloud water content (CWC) in warm cloud layers (WCLs), mixed-phase cloud layers (MCLs) and ice cloud layers (ICLs) over the Naqu site of the Tibetan Plateau were characterized by using ground-based millimeter cloud radar (MMCR) data and aircraft observations from July 6–31 in 2014. Statistically, the total probabilities of clouds during the 0:00–6:00 (T1), 6:00–12:00 (T2), 12:00–18:00 (T3) and 18:00–24:00 (T4) local standard time (LST) periods were approximately 82.7, 56.2, 55.3 and 65.4%, respectively. The maximum heights of cloud layers under cloudy, drizzle/weak precipitation and precipitation conditions have large differences during T1, T2, T3 and T4 periods. The average values of the retrieved liquid water content (LWC) in the WCLs was approximately 75.2 mg/m3, ranging from high to low during the 4 periods of T3, T2, T4 and T1. The CWC in the MCLs decreased with an increase in height from 86.8 to 9.5 mg/m3, and the mean value was 33.1 mg/m3. The ice water content (IWC) decreased with an increase in height from approximately 9.5 mg/m3 at 5.0 km to 4.8 mg/m3 at 11 km. These results provided unprecedented details concerning the cloud structure and especially about CWC in different phases over the Tibetan Plateau and may be used to improve the parameterization of clouds in various models.

Potential impact of introducing a nonavalent HPV vaccination

To test the theoretical utility of incorporating nonavalent vaccination against HPV into a clinical setting. The present retrospective study included data from consecutive patients who underwent HPV-DNA testing between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2015. Changes in the prevalence of different HPV types were assessed during three periods (T1, 1998-2003; T2, 2004-2009; and T3, 2010-2015) using XY analysis. The study included a total of 13665 patients. Overall, 1361, 5130, and 7174 patients were included in the T1, T2, and T3 periods, respectively. The quadrivalent vaccine would have potentially protected against HPV in 71.5% (973/1361), 46.5% (2385/5130), and 26.5% (1901/7174) of patients in T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P<0.001 for trend). The nonavalent vaccine could have protected against HPV in 92.5% (1259/1361), 72.3% (3709/5130), and 58.1% (4168/7174) of patients in T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P<0.001 for trend). The proportion of patients with genital dysplasia grade 2+ who did not have infections with HPV genotypes covered by the quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccines increased across the three periods (P<0.001 for trend). For all study periods, the protection provided by the nonavalent vaccine would have been superior to the quadrivalent vaccine (χ2 test P<0.001). The introduction of a nonavalent vaccine could improve protection against HPV infections and HPV-related genital dysplasia.

Responsiveness of the ACTIVLIM-CP questionnaire: measuring global activity performance in children with cerebral palsy.

To investigate the responsiveness of the ACTIVLIM-CP questionnaire after two evidence-based interventions for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Seventy-five children with CP either participated in an intensive motor-skill learning intervention (hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremities [HABIT-ILE], n=47) or received botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) injection(s) into lower extremities combined with conventional physical therapy (n=28). All children were assessed three times: at baseline (T0 ; before HABIT-ILE/the day of BoNT-A injection), at T1 (last day of HABIT-ILE/6wks after BoNT-A injection), and at follow-up (T2 ; 3-4mo after the beginning of intervention). Parents completed ACTIVLIM-CP and three other activity questionnaires. Responsiveness was analysed using group (based on intervention), subgroup (based on gross motor function level), and individual approaches. For the HABIT-ILE group, significant improvements in ACTIVLIM-CP were observed for the T0 -T1 period (p<0.001) but not for the T1 -T2 period. No significant changes were found in the BoNT-A group during assessments (p=0.84). In the subgroup analysis for the HABIT-ILE group (T0 -T1 ), greater changes were demonstrated for children in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III and IV (p<0.001, effect size=1.36). The individual approach was congruent with the group approach. ACTIVLIM-CP demonstrated high responsiveness after HABIT-ILE, showing that this scale may be used to investigate global activity performance in clinical trials focusing on improving daily life activities. Good responsiveness of ACTIVLIM-CP questionnaire during intensive motor-skill learning intervention. Higher responsiveness for children in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III and IV versus I and II after intensive intervention. ACTIVLIM-CP is useful to identify children improving their performance after botulinum neurotoxin-A injection.

Small angle double quantum spectroscopy (SAQS NMR)

A new experiment for recording double quantum spectra is introduced. The 2D DQ NMR experiment yields phase sensitive spectra with double quantum frequencies in F1. The appearance of remote peaks is vastly suppressed by using a small flip angle double quantum excitation and reconversion. Pulse sequences and phase sensitive processing are discussed. The complexity of the SQ antiphase magnetization given in larger proton spin networks could be reduced by using the option of band selective decoupling during the preparation period. In addition, an ACCORDION element is applied by incrementing the J evolution delay in concert with the t1 period. With this the excitation of double quantum coherence over a wider range of J values is achieved. A broadband homodecoupled version of the DQ experiment is proposed, where correlation peaks with singlet response at F2 chemical shifts and double quantum frequencies in F1 are obtained. We call this experiment Small Angle double Quantum Spectroscopy SAQS NMR.

Pathogenic–dynamic epidemic agent model with an epidemic threshold

An agent model of epidemic spreading is proposed. When a susceptible agent is exposed to pathogen levels above its specified infection-tolerance threshold F, its state changes to infected, where a pathogen is a virus, microparasite, or any other disease-causing organism or material. The spreading sources of pathogens are the agents that are in the infected state. The growth and decay of a pathogen in an infected host obeys a given function, ft. This function increases linearly in the early period of infection t1, and then decreases linearly to zero in the latter period t2. The simulation results show that as the agent density increases, the model undergoes a phase transition from a local epidemic phase to a pandemic phase. For immobile agents, transition density ρC equals transition density ρP of the corresponding site percolation model. For random-walking agents, the transition density decreases as ρCU≈ρP×U−0.3, where U denotes the average path length of the walking agent during the period t1+t2. This model provides a reliable alternative to the standard SIR model, which is a simple compartmental model of susceptibility, infection, and pathogen removal. Moreover, it can predict epidemic phenomena using fact-based parameters.

Benzodiazepines Withdrawal: Initial Outcomes and Long-Term Impact on Falls in a French Nursing Home.

Long-term use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) is known to induce tolerance and dependence, and increase the risk of falls-related injuries in older adults. We present a study carried out in a French nursing home that concerns the implementation of a BZD withdrawal program reassessed at one year. BZD deprescription was achieved by gradual cessation of doses. A secondary benefit of this program was assessed by comparing the number of falls among residents before and after withdrawal. The number of falls was recorded over a six-month period prior to the onset of withdrawal (T1) and then over a six-month period after reassessment at one year (T2). At the beginning, 31 (28.7%) of the patients were under BZD. Total deprescription was obtained for 11 patients. The number of falls per patient over the T1 period was not different between the two groups (future non-withdrawn and withdrawn patients in BZD): 2.1 ± 1.3 and 2.3 ± 0.6 falls per resident, respectively. Conversely, the number of falls per patient was significantly decreased in the population completely withdrawn in BZD between the T1 and T2 periods (2.3 ± 0.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.2 falls, p = 0.01). The results show that BZD deprescription, through a gradual reduction of doses, is possible to achieve.

Comparative antennal transcriptome of Apis cerana cerana from four developmental stages

Apis cerana cerana, an important endemic honey bee species in China, possesses valuable characteristics such as a sensitive olfactory system, good foraging ability, and strong resistance to parasitic mites. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the antenna, the major chemosensory organ of the bee, using an Illumina sequencer, to identify typical differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adult worker bees of different ages, namely, T1 (1 day); T2 (10 days); T3 (15 days); and T4 (25 days). Surprisingly, the expression levels of DEGs changed significantly between the T1 period and the other three periods. All the DEGs were classified into 26 expression profiles by trend analysis. Selected trend clusters were analyzed, and valuable information on gene expression patterns was obtained. We found that the expression levels of genes encoding cuticle proteins declined after eclosion, while those of immunity-related genes increased. In addition, genes encoding venom proteins and major royal jelly proteins were enriched at the T2 stage; small heat shock proteins showed significantly higher expression at the T3 stage; and some metabolism-related genes were more highly expressed at the T4 stage. The DEGs identified in this study may serve as a valuable resource for the characterization of expression patterns of antennal genes in A. cerana cerana. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the relationship between labor division in social bees and gene function.

Template-Free Electrodeposition of Net-Like Co-Al/Oxide Structures from a Lewis Acidic Chloroaluminate Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Using a Potential Step Method

Without the use of a template, sub-micron scaled cobalt-aluminum (Co-Al) net (mesh) sheets can be obtained via a double-potential step electrodeposition method from a Lewis acidic aluminum chloride/trimethylamine hydrochloride (AlCl3-TMHC) room temperature ionic liquid containing cobalt chloride (CoCl2). During the electrodeposition, the electrode potential was repeatedly stepped between a more negative potential E1 for a time period of t1 and a less negative potential E2 for a time period of t2. The step potentials and step durations controlled the growth of the Co-Al sheet, and therefore, the physical dimensions of the net-like Co-Al. The electrodeposited Co-Al nets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). However, due to the high sensitivity of aluminum and cobalt toward oxygen, the electrodeposited Co-Al micro nets quickly turned into the corresponding metal oxides when exposed to the air.

Mining author relationship in scholarly networks based on tripartite citation analysis.

Following scholars in Scientometrics as examples, we develop five author relationship networks, namely, co-authorship, author co-citation (AC), author bibliographic coupling (ABC), author direct citation (ADC), and author keyword coupling (AKC). The time frame of data sets is divided into two periods: before 2011 (i.e., T1) and after 2011 (i.e., T2). Through quadratic assignment procedure analysis, we found that some authors have ABC or AC relationships (i.e., potential communication relationship, PCR) but do not have actual collaborations or direct citations (i.e., actual communication relationship, ACR) among them. In addition, we noticed that PCR and AKC are highly correlated and that the old PCR and the new ACR are correlated and consistent. Such facts indicate that PCR tends to produce academic exchanges based on similar themes, and ABC bears more advantages in predicting potential relations. Based on tripartite citation analysis, including AC, ABC, and ADC, we also present an author-relation mining process. Such process can be used to detect deep and potential author relationships. We analyze the prediction capacity by comparing between the T1 and T2 periods, which demonstrate that relation mining can be complementary in identifying authors based on similar themes and discovering more potential collaborations and academic communities.

Effects of mouth rehabilitation with removable complete dentures on stimulus perception and the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oris muscle

Statement of problemMany elderly individuals are rehabilitated with removable complete dentures, which require an initial adaptation period for both oral perception and the perioral muscles. Studies assessing the changes in stimulus perception and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the orbicularis oris muscle shortly after conventional complete denture insertion are lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of mouth rehabilitation with removable complete dentures on stimulus perception and the EMG activity of the orbicularis oris muscle. Material and methodsThis study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Araçatuba Dental School (São Paulo State University). Fifteen participants who had worn their removable complete dentures for at least 5 years and needed rehabilitation with new prostheses were enrolled in the study. A perception questionnaire was applied, and surface EMG examinations of the orbicularis oris muscle during rest, suction of water with a straw, and pronunciation of the syllables /bah/, /mah/, /pah/, and the word ‘Mississippi’ were performed before (T0) and 30 (T1) and 100 (T2) days after insertion of the new prostheses. The data were analyzed with the Cochran Q test, McNemar test, 2-way repeated measures ANOVA, and honestly significant difference (HSD) Tukey test (α=.05). ResultsSignificant improvement was reported in the perception questionnaire in terms of the oral discomfort sensation in the T2 period. EMG activity decreased during rest and suction after insertion of the new prostheses. A statistical difference between the upper and lower fascicles of the orbicularis oris muscle was detected, with a decrease of EMG activity between the T0 and T1 periods on the lower fascicle, except for when pronouncing the /pah/ syllable. ConclusionsMouth rehabilitation with removable complete dentures decreased oral discomfort and, depending on the oral function, decreased or increased EMG activity of the orbicularis oris muscle. In addition, the lower fascicle was more active than the upper fascicle during rest and most functional activities.

Complement and contact system activation in acute congestive heart failure patients.

Recent experimental data indicate a pathogenic role of complement activation in congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to evaluate contact and complement systems activation in patients hospitalized for an acute episode of CHF. Forty-two of 80 consecutive patients admitted at our hospital with confirmed diagnosis of acute CHF were enrolled. They underwent blood sampling within 24 h from admission (T0) and at clinical stability (T1). Patients were stratified for ejection fraction (EF) based on echocardiographic test. We measured plasma levels of C3, C4, sC5b-9 and cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (contact activation marker). At T1, C3 levels increased significantly compared to T0 (97±2 versus 104±3% of total pooled plasma, P < 0·01). Classifying patients according to EF, only patients with preserved EF presented a significant increase of C3 from T0 to T1 (99±3 versus 108±4%, P=0·03). When the sample was stratified according to clinical outcome, C3 (98±3 versus 104±4%, P=0·03) and sC5b-9 levels (204±10 versus 230±11 ng/ml, P=0·03) were increased in patients who had positive outcome after hospitalization. CHF patients with preserved EF and positive outcome after hospitalization showed higher levels of sC5b-9 in the T1 period compared with T0 (211±14 versus 243±14 ng/ml, P=0·04). Our results suggest that the complement system reacts differently if CHF occurs with preserved or reduced EF. This finding is interesting if we consider the difference in epidemiology, pathogenesis and possible therapeutic approaches of these two clinical entities.

Transcriptome profiling of Arabian horse blood during training regimens

BackgroundArabian horses are believed to be one of the oldest and most influential horse breeds in the world. Blood is the main tissue involved in maintaining body homeostasis, and it is considered a marker of the processes taking place in the other tissues. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify the genetic basis of changes occurring in the blood of Arabian horses subjected to a training regimen and to compare the global gene expression profiles between different training periods (T1: after a slow canter phase that is considered a conditioning phase, T2: after an intense gallop phase, and T3: at the end of the racing season) and between trained and untrained horses (T0). RNA sequencing was performed on 37 samples with a 75-bp single-end run on a HiScanSQ platform (Illumina), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on DESeq2 (v1.11.25) software.ResultsAn increase in the number of DEGs between subsequent training periods was observed, and the highest amount of DEGs (440) was detected between untrained horses (T0) and horses at the end of the racing season (T3). The comparisons of the T2 vs. T3 transcriptomes and the T0 vs. T3 transcriptomes showed a significant gain of up-regulated genes during long-term exercise (up-regulation of 266 and 389 DEGs in the T3 period compared to T2 and T0, respectively). Forty differentially expressed genes were detected between the T1 and T2 periods, and 296 between T2 and T3. Functional annotation showed that the most abundant genes up-regulated in exercise were involved in pathways regulating cell cycle (PI3K-Akt signalling pathway), cell communication (cAMP-dependent pathway), proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as immunity processes (Jak-STAT signalling pathway).ConclusionsWe investigated whether training causes permanent transcriptome changes in horse blood as a reflection of adaptation to conditioning and the maintenance of fitness to compete in flat races. The present study identified the overrepresented molecular pathways and genes that are essential for maintaining body homeostasis during long-term exercise in Arabian horses. Selected DEGs should be further investigated as markers that are potentially associated with racing performance in Arabian horses.

Comparison of the cardioprotective effects of dexmedetomidineand remifentanil in cardiac surgery

Background/aim: Myocardial protection is an important factor of open heart surgery and biological biomarkers (lactate, CKMB, cardiac troponin I, and pyruvate) are used to assess myocardial damage. This study compares the effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Materials and methods: Patients scheduled for elective CABG surgery (n = 60) were included in this study. Anesthesia induction was introduced with propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium bromide. Anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil infusion and sevoflurane in the remifentanil group (Group R) and with dexmedetomidine infusion and sevoflurane in the dexmedetomidine group (Group D). Blood samples for biochemical markers were taken from the coronary sinus catheter before cardiopulmonary bypass (T1), 20 min after aortic cross-clamping (T2), 20 min after removal of the aortic cross-clamping (T3), and 10 min after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (T4).Results: Demographic data were similar between the groups. Lactate level at the T2 period and CKMB levels during the study period were lower in Group D than in Group R. In both groups, all values except pyruvate significantly increased over time. Conclusion: The dexmedetomidine-sevoflurane combination may improve the cardioprotective effect in comparison with remifentanil-sevoflurane in CABG surgery.

Volumetric and cephalometric evaluation of the upper airway of class III patients submitted to maxillary advancement

Abstract Introduction Anteroposterior maxillary deficiency can be associated with a decrease of upper airway volume. Maxillary advancement can improve the upper airway space. Aim To correlate cephalometric (2D) and volumetric (3D) measurements of the upper airway in class III patients treated by maxillary advancement. Material and method This retrospective transversal study was performed in ten adult patients submitted to maxillary advancement for correction of class III deformity secondary to maxillary anteroposterior deficiency. The Cone beam tomography files included in the medical records were used: (T1) pre-operative and (T2) 6 to 8 months postoperative. The DICOM files were imported and reconstructed for volumetric and cephalometric evaluation of the upper airway, as divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx (Arnett &amp; Gunson FAB Surgery). Result Age ranged from 26 to 55 years with a mean of 36.3±9.2 years. There were no statistically significant differences for cephalometric and volumetric parameters of the three pharyngeal regions between T1 and T2 periods. This was due to the small amount of maxillary advancement necessary to correct the maxillary deformity in the studied patients (4.7±1.89mm). The correlation between area and volume was not statistically significant only for preoperative measurements of the nasopharynx (r=0.30, p=0.40). It was significant for the other regions and evaluation periods (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion Small maxillary advancements do not result in significant increases in airway dimensions.

Preoperative prediction for regaining ambulatory ability in paretic non-ambulatory patients with metastatic spinal cord compression.

Retrospective multicenter study. To analyze the predictive factors for postoperative ambulatory recovery in paretic non-ambulatory patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Japan. Eighty-two consecutive patients (74.4% men; mean age, 66.2 years) who could not walk before surgery due to cervical or thoracic MSCC and underwent posterior decompressive surgery between 2003 and 2014 were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to ambulatory status at 6 weeks after surgery: recovery (group R) and non-recovery (group NR). To evaluate the speed of progression of motor deficits, we assessed the period from onset of neurological symptoms to gait inability (T1). Fifty patients (61.0%) regained the ability to walk (group R). The period of T1 demonstrated a positive correlation with probability of ambulatory recovery (P=0.00; Kendall's tau-b=0.38), and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of T1 was 5 days (area under the curve=0.72; P=0.001). In multivariate analysis, <6 days of T1 was one of the independent risk factors for failing to regain ambulatory ability (odds ratio, 8.74; P=0.00). The speed of progression of motor deficits can independently and powerfully predict the chance of postoperative ambulatory recovery as well as previously identified predictors. Since information about the speed of progression can be obtained easily by interviewing patients or family members, even if the patient is in an urgent state, our results will be helpful in clinical decision-making.

Enhancement of the Oxidative Stability of Butter Oil by Blending with Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) Kernel Oil in Ambient and Accelerated Oxidation

Oxidative stability of butter oil was enhanced by blending with mango kernel oil at 25 and 55C. Butter oil was blended with crude mango kernel oil at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% concentrations (T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). High-performance liquid chromatography characterization of mango kernel oil revealed the concentration of mangiferin 1,257 mg/100 g, quercetin 52 mg/100 g, catechin 436 mg/100 g and chlorogenic acid 837 mg/100 g. Mango kernel oil altered the oxidation of butter oil, inhibited the oxidation of C18:1 and C18:2, oxidation products, during the storage period. After 24 h of heating at 150C, polymer content of control, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 29.76, 26.78, 18.62, 13.92 and 9.72%, respectively. Induction period of mango kernel oil, control, T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 62.5, 9.2, 13.5, 16.3 and 21.9 h. Oxidative stability of butter oil can be enhanced by blending with mango kernel oil in ambient and high-temperature storage. Practical Applications Auto-oxidation of oils and fats leads to the generation of potentially toxic oxidation products. Scientific studies have established that commonly used synthetic antioxidants are carcinogenic. Mango kernel oil possesses wide range of phenolic compounds, and it possesses the highest induction period of all the edible oils and fats. Mango kernel oil can be used as an alternate of synthetic antioxidants for oxidative stabilization of butter oil.

Tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury: the comparison of antioxidative effects of small-dose propofol and ketamine

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of propofol and ketamine as small dose sedation during spinal anaesthesia on tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Methods30 patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 patients. In the propofol group, sedation was performed with propofol 0.2mg·kg−1 followed by infusion at a rate of 2mg·kg−1·h−1. In the ketamine group, a continuous infusion of ketamine 0.5mg·kg−1·h−1 was used until the end of surgery. Intravenous administration of midazolam was not used in any patients. Ramsay sedation scale was used for assessing the sedation level. Venous blood samples were obtained before propofol and ketamine infusion (T1), at 30minutes (min) of tourniquet ischaemia (T2), and 5min after tourniquet deflation (T3) for malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements. ResultsNo differences were noted between the groups in haemodynamic (p>0.05) and demographic data (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of T1, T2 and T3 periods (p>0.05). There was a statistically increase observed in MDA values respectively both in Group P and Group K between the reperfusion period (1.95±0.59, 2.31±0.48) and pre-ischaemia (1.41±0.38, 1.54±0.45), and ischaemia (1.76±0.70, 1.71±0.38) (μmoL−1) periods (p<0.05). ConclusionsSmall-dose propofol and ketamine has similar potential to reduce the oxidative stress caused by tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anaesthesia.

Adherence to treatment guidelines for cancer-associated thrombosis: a French hospital-based cohort study.

French 2008 treatment guidelines recommend low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) with treatment duration of at least 3months and up to 6months and beyond if cancer remains active. Our aim was to assess adherence to guidelines in hospital clinical practice. The French hospital database (PMSI) was used to identify patients with CAT admitted to three hospitals of the Paris region to be included in a retrospective cohort study. Adherence to guidelines was assessed in patients included from different treatment periods following the venous thromboembolism (VTE) episode i.e. first 10days (T1), day 10 to 3months (T2), months 3 to 6 (T3) and beyond 6months (T4) when applicable. A total of 240 patients with CAT were included from January 2012 to December 2012 of whom 204 were analyzable. Treatment was adherent to guidelines in 55, 31 and 34% of patients in T1, T2 and T3 treatment periods, respectively, while overall treatment adherence was found in 52% of patients. Adherence rates were the highest among patients with pulmonary embolism (PE, 60.5%), catheter-related thrombosis (62.5%), class III/IV extended cancer (58.0%) and metastatic malignancy (60.3%) while only 40% with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) received a treatment consistent with guidelines. Adherence to guidelines appears insufficient since only half of patients received an appropriate treatment. Adherence dropped significantly across treatment periods T2 and T3. VTE diagnosis and cancer characteristics influenced the anticoagulant prescription. Management of patients with CAT requires further education and information of health care professionals.

Constant-time 2D and 3D through-bond correlation NMR spectroscopy of solids under 60 kHz MAS.

Establishing connectivity and proximity of nuclei is an important step in elucidating the structure and dynamics of molecules in solids using magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Although recent studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of proton-detected multidimensional solid-state NMR experiments under ultrafast-MAS frequencies and obtaining high-resolution spectral lines of protons, assignment of proton resonances is a major challenge. In this study, we first re-visit and demonstrate the feasibility of 2D constant-time uniform-sign cross-peak correlation (CTUC-COSY) NMR experiment on rigid solids under ultrafast-MAS conditions, where the sensitivity of the experiment is enhanced by the reduced spin-spin relaxation rate and the use of low radio-frequency power for heteronuclear decoupling during the evolution intervals of the pulse sequence. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate the performance of a proton-detected pulse sequence to obtain a 3D (1)H/(13)C/(1)H chemical shift correlation spectrum by incorporating an additional cross-polarization period in the CTUC-COSY pulse sequence to enable proton chemical shift evolution and proton detection in the incrementable t1 and t3 periods, respectively. In addition to through-space and through-bond (13)C/(1)H and (13)C/(13)C chemical shift correlations, the 3D (1)H/(13)C/(1)H experiment also provides a COSY-type (1)H/(1)H chemical shift correlation spectrum, where only the chemical shifts of those protons, which are bonded to two neighboring carbons, are correlated. By extracting 2D F1/F3 slices ((1)H/(1)H chemical shift correlation spectrum) at different (13)C chemical shift frequencies from the 3D (1)H/(13)C/(1)H spectrum, resonances of proton atoms located close to a specific carbon atom can be identified. Overall, the through-bond and through-space homonuclear/heteronuclear proximities determined from the 3D (1)H/(13)C/(1)H experiment would be useful to study the structure and dynamics of a variety of chemical and biological solids.