T-shaped Patch Research Articles

Design and Fabrication Development of Slotted T-Shaped Patch Antenna with Symmetrical CPW Feed for IOT and ITU Applications

Design and Fabrication Development of Slotted T-Shaped Patch Antenna with Symmetrical CPW Feed for IOT and ITU Applications

A dual band compact circularly polarized antenna for GPS applications

AbstractA novel dual band antenna with right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP) is fabricated. It consists of a T‐shaped parasitic element on the backside of T‐shaped patch (TSP) and a ground plane. The design comprises a rectangular and CPW fed clearance in the ground plane. The placing of a TSP and connecting rectangular stubs to the ground plane is used to achieve GPS L5 and L2 bands. Circular polarization in GPS L5 and L2 bands is produced by rectangular horizontal stubs and F‐shaped slots (FSS), respectively. The measured results show 34 MHz (1.160–1.194 GHz) and 57 MHz (1.207–1.260 GHz) –10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidths are 10 MHz (1.174–1.184 GHz) and 10 MHz (1.223–1.233 GHz). It also displays a minimum axial ratio of 1.35 and 0.34 dB with broad beamwidth (>100°) essential for the GPS applications. The final design is verified in the experiment. The advantages of the proposed design are compact size, simple structure, and broad beamwidth.

A Low Cross-Polarization Microstrip Antenna Array for Millimeter Wave Applications

A low cross-polarization microstrip antenna array for millimeter wave (mmW) applications is proposed in this paper. The antenna element is composed of symmetric T-shaped patches with vias. The adoption of a double-sided symmetric radiation patch structure can suppress the cross-polarized electric field, and the vias reduces energy leakage during the power transmission along the antenna patches. To verify the concept, a 1 × 8 antenna array is fabricated and measured. The measured −10 dB impedance of the antenna array is 28.4% (31 GHz–41.5 GHz) and the peak gain is 15 dBi. The cross polarization ratio is above 35 dB and the 3 dB beamwidths on E-plane and H-plane are 7.5° and 135°, respectively. The proposed compact size and low cross-polarization antenna array might be a good choice for phased array radar and 5th generation (5G) mobile communication applications.

Design of CPW-Fed Conformal T-Shaped Flexible Patch Antenna With Slits for Biomedical Applications

In this paper, a conformal T-shaped flexible patch antenna is designed for biomedical applications. The proposed antenna designed using to resonate at 2.45 GHz operating frequency at ISM band. The proposed antenna operates in free space and muscle tissue. The proposed T-shaped patch antenna in free space resonates at 2.47GHz operating frequency with a bandwidth of 300MHz (2.45GHz and 2.75GHz).The antenna implanted in muscle tissue operates at 2.47GHz frequency with a bandwidth of 600MHz (2.25GHz – 2.85GHz). The return loss of -13.04dB is observed for T-shaped patch antenna in free space and the return loss for the antenna implanted in human tissue is -20.6dB respectively. The proposed flexible conformal patch antenna is compact in size, efficient in functioning, safe, and can effectively work within specified medical frequency bands.

Perturbed T-shaped patch antenna with slits and a floating metal for 5G

This research paper highlights the process of designing and simulating a novel antenna. Our antenna is meant to be used in 5G applications (sub-6 Ghz). Simulating and designing was done using the Sonnet Suites software. The substrate used in our antenna is 1.55mm thick FR-4 substrate, that has a εr of 4.4. The antenna center frequency is 4.06 GHz. At the center frequency, S11 is -39.46 dB. Furthermore, the antenna has an E- of 5.75 dB, and E- of -9.99 dB. This antenna can be used in devices that use 5G technologies. This antenna has the benefit of being cheap to produce, while boasting good performance during operationThis research paper highlights the process of designing and simulating a novel antenna. Our antenna is meant to be used in 5G applications (sub-6 Ghz). Simulating and designing was done using the Sonnet Suites software. The substrate used in our antenna is 1.55mm thick FR-4 substrate, that has a εr of 4.4. The antenna center frequency is 4.06 GHz. At the center frequency, S11 is -39.46 dB. Furthermore, the antenna has an E- of 5.75 dB, and E- of -9.99 dB. This antenna can be used in devices that use 5G technologies. This antenna has the benefit of being cheap to produce, while boasting good performance during operation.

Design compact microstrap patch antenna with T-shaped 5G application

This paper is presents a microstrap patch with a T-shaped rectangular antenna workings; the T-shaped patch operating at 3.6 GHz resonating frequency range for 5G application (from 2.9 to 4.4 GHz) repectively. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 22×24×0.25 mm3; the feeding technique using a 50 Ω feed line to the antenna. The proposed antenna is printed on compact Rogers RT 588 lz substrate having permittivity (ɛr) 2.00, loss tangent (tan δ) 0.0021, with thikness 0.2 mm. The proposed antenna introducesmany advantages like small size, low profile, and simpler structure. The characteristics such as radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, gain, current distribution, and radiation efficiency are respectively presented and discussed, using CST microwave study in simulating and analysing. Introducing a slot with a rectangular T-shaped patch antenna achieved lower frequency with 98.474% radiation efficiency and peak gain of the proposed antenna at 2.52 dB. The fractional bandwidth is 42.81% (2.90 GHz to 4.48 GHz) with a resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz and return loss at 28.76 dB. This frequency band attributessuited 5 G mobile application.

Method to Improve the Roll-Off and Stopband Response in Low Pass Filter Using Patch Resonators for Modern Wireless Communication

In this paper, several types of patch resonators design procedure are proposed and analysed to improve the roll-off and stopband response in low pass filter. The proposed patch resonators consist of T-shaped patch resonator (TS-PR) that provides instant sharp roll-off and also dual folded T-shaped resonator (DFTS-PR) that improves the roll-off of the previous TS-PR. The transmission zeros of the resonators can be adjusted by varying length and width of high and low impedance microstrip lines. It has been shown that the final design of the patch resonators provides sharp roll-off and acceptable stopband bandwidth by adopting both TS-PR and DFTS-PR. The proposed low pass filter with 3-dB cut-off frequency (fc ) of 5.26 GHz exhibits excellent roll-off rate of 82.2 dB/GHz from 5.5 GHz to 11.7 GHz. Moreover, the transition of the proposed filter is 0.45 GHz which contributes to a sharper transition band from passband to stopband.

Design and Implementation of T-Shaped Planar Antenna for MIMO Applications

This paper proposes, demonstrates, and describes a basic T-shaped Multi-Input and Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna with a resonant frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Compared with the U-shaped antenna, the mutual coupling is minimized by using a T-shaped patch antenna. The T-shaped patch antenna shapes filter properties are tested to achieve separation over the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency range. The parametric analysis, including width, duration, and spacing, is designed in the MIMO applications for good isolation. On the FR4 substratum, the configuration of MIMO is simulated. The appropriate dielectric material ɛr = 4.4 is introduced using this contribution and application array feature of the MIMO systems. In this paper, FR4 is used due to its high dielectric strength and low cost. For 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and 3SRR, T-shaped patch antennas are used in the field to increase bandwidth. The suggested T-shaped MIMO antenna is calculated according to the HFSS 13.0 program simulation performances. The antenna suggested is, therefore, a successful WLAN candidate.

A broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna for millimeter‐wave short range 5G wireless communication

This article describe the design and measurement of a broadband circularly polarized (CP) monopole antenna for millimeter wave short range 5G Wireless communication applications. This antenna is comprised of a T-shaped monopole antenna with an inverted-L grounded stub and an asymmetric coplanar wave guide feed. To attain the broadband CP, an inverted-L grounded stub is embedded in the coplanar ground and introducing asymmetry in the horizontal T-shaped patch connected feed line monopole antenna. A compact size of 1.877λL × 1.706λL × 0.130λL is accomplished when measured at lower edge frequency (fL,|S11|). For the proposed antenna structure conforming to fL,|S11|, a measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 13.67% (4 GHz, 27.26-31.26 GHz), impedance bandwidth of 27.9% (8.3 GHz, 25.6-33.9 GHz), peak gain of 7.15dBi, and a bidirectional patterns with a dual sense polarization are attained.

Design and Simulation of millimeter wave Mylar based flexible Antenna for 5G wireless Applications

The millimeter wave (mm-wave) is expected to play a crucial role in providing broad frequency bandwidth for large data transmission. The restrictions of wave propagation are anticipated to get eliminated in mm-wave propagation through the assistance of antenna technologies. The higher frequency spectrum prevalence of the 5G applications are likely to be dependent on a small advanced antenna technology. This paper presents an antenna design which uses Mylar as substrate for the 5G wireless applications. The structure of the antenna adopted here is of a T-shaped patch designed with ideal symmetrical slot structures. To increase the bandwidth the idea of defective ground structure (DGS) is used. The antenna model discussed here shows a high impedance bandwidth and a fair radiation pattern in the required direction with a maximum gain of 8.35dB at 28 GHz frequency. The proposed antenna is compared with the basic microstrip patch antenna which is designed at low frequency to prove that the bandwidth is enhanced and so other parameters in the proposed antenna such that it is suitable for mm-wave 5G wireless applications.

A quad band planar slotted microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications

This research paper presents two different types of multiband patch antenna. The first design is a dual-band antenna and the second design is a quad-band antenna. Both the antennas have a compact size of , and is designed on FR4 substrate with loss tangent (=0.02, height (h)=1.6 mm, with dielectric constant of 4.4. The dual-band antenna operates at frequencies 3.9 and 5.71 GHz. These dual band operations are accomplished by utilizing L-shaped slot in the ground part and T-shaped slot in the radiating part of the patch antenna. The gain corresponding to the two frequency bands are 1.27 and 1.35 dB, respectively. The quad band antenna operates at frequencies 3.6, 4.9, 7.4 and 8 GHz. The gain corresponding to these frequencies are 0.18, 1.69, 2.25 and 3.99 dB. For achieving quad band operation from the dual band antenna the back plane L-shaped slot is modified by cutting a rectangular strip in the middle, hence dividing it into two different slots. The front plane is also modified by introducing two rectangular strips to the T-shaped patch. The proposed antenna shows multiband and has the advantage of simple structure compact size and good impedance matching. All the simulations of the proposed design are carried out in HFSS v.13.0.

Compact dual‐band filtering power divider with independently controllable bandwidths using shorted patch resonators

This study presents a novel dual-band filtering power divider (DB-FPD) structure with independently controllable bandwidths for dual-band application. The proposed DB-FPD structure is constructed by shorted G- and T-shaped patch resonators, and meandered slot lines are etched on shorted patch resonators to generate resonance in the upper band. The 3 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of designed DB-FPD structure in a lower band (upper band) can be adjusted from 5.2 to 24.2% (3.1 to 26.9%), respectively, using a substrate of 31 mil thick TLY-5. The even-/odd-mode method is adopted to demonstrate the power splitting and isolation performances. The lumped-element equivalent circuit is extracted to explain the power splitting transmission performance. Also, the coupling matrix analysis is applied to present the detailed design procedures for practical DB-FPD, with specific passband bandwidths and centre frequencies of dual passbands. Finally, the isolation performances are analysed with different isolation resistor values and loading positions. For verification, two DB-FPDs with equal absolute bandwidths (ABW) and equal FBWs are simulated, fabricated and measured for dual-band WLAN application. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, exhibiting a favourable frequency selectivity and controllable passband bandwidths.

Design of ultra-wide tetra band phased array inverted T-shaped patch antennas using DGS with beam-steering capabilities for 5G applications

AbstractA novel 1 × 4 phased array elliptical inverted T-shaped slotted sectored patch antenna with defected ground structure (DGS), resonate at proposed ultra-wide tetra band at 28, 43, 51, and 64 GHz with high gain and beam-steering capabilities is presented. An inverted T-shaped slotted stub is used with the sectored patch to achieve ultra-wideband properties. In order to resonate the antenna at four different bands, DGS of round bracket slot is etched on the ground. The 1 × 4 phased arrays are used at the top edge and bottom edge of mobile PCB with high gain. The simulation results show that the antenna has four ultra-wide bands: 25.8–29.7, 40.6–44.6, 49.2–53.1, and 62.2–74 GHz with a maximum gain of 16.5 dBi at 51 GHz. The phased array antenna is capable to steer its main beam within ±30° at the 26, 28, and 43 GHz, using appropriate phase shifts of each antenna element. The proposed millimeter wave antenna is particularly suitable for cellular infrastructures and can be a candidate for emerging 5G mobile applications. The availability of an additional 11.8 GHz (62.2–74 GHz) of contiguous unlicensed spectrum will allow the launching of new exciting wireless services.

A novel compact lowpass filter with sharp roll-off and wide stopband

AbstractIn this paper, a microstrip lowpass filter adopting two main resonators with steep transition band and wide rejection band has been introduced. The first main resonance cell consists of meandered transmission lines which are loaded by modified T-shaped patches. The second main resonator is composed of high-impedance lines loaded by polygon patches. To obtain a steep skirt performance, the first and second resonators have been combined. Moreover, employing eight high–low impedance folded stubs and two rectangular open-stubs as suppressing cells has resulted in improving the stopband features. To comprehend the frequency behavior of the employed resonators and also their combination, the formulas of the transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient, and the transmission zeros of their equivalent LC circuits have been extracted, separately. According to the measurement results, the −3 dB operating frequency of this filter is 1.65 GHz. Moreover, a relative stopband bandwidth equal to 166% with a corresponding attenuation level of 23 dB and a sharp roll-off rate (393.61 dB/GHz) have been achieved. In the passband region from DC to 1.632 GHz, the insertion loss and return loss are better than 0.0763 and 15.85 dB, respectively, proving an acceptable in-band performance. Finally, the implemented structure brings about a high figure-of-merit equal to 81 672.

A Novel Compact Quadruple-Band Indoor Base Station Antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G Systems

This paper presents a quadruple-band indoor base station antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G mobile communications, which covers multiple frequency bands of 0.8 - 0.96 GHz, 1.7 - 2.7 GHz, 3.3 - 3.8 GHz and 4.8 - 5.8 GHz and has a compact size with its overall dimensions of 204 × 175 × 39 mm 3 . The lower frequency bands over 0.8 - 0.96 GHz and 1.7 - 2.7 GHz are achieved through the combination of an asymmetrical dipole antenna and parasitic patches. A stepped-impedance feeding structure is used to improve the impedance matching of the dipole antenna over these two frequency bands. Meanwhile, the feeding structure also introduces an extra resonant frequency band of 3.3 - 3.8 GHz. By adding an additional small T-shaped patch, the higher resonant frequency band at 5 GHz is obtained. The parallel surrogate model-assisted hybrid differential evolution for antenna optimization (PSADEA) is employed to optimize the overall quadruple-band performance. We have fabricated and tested the final optimized antenna whose average gain is about 5.4 dBi at 0.8 - 0.96 GHz, 8.1 dBi at 1.7 - 2.7 GHz, 8.5 dBi at 3.3 - 3.8 GHz and 8.1 dBi at 4.8 - 5.0 GHz respectively. The proposed antenna has high efficiency and is of low cost and low profile, which makes it an excellent candidate for 2G/3G/4G/5G base station antenna systems.

Bandwidth enhancement of a slot loaded T-shape patch antenna

A T-shape patch antenna loaded with a rectangular slot and fed directly by a 50-Ω microstrip line was optimized using the IE3D simulation tool to improve its bandwidth at a frequency of 2.45 GHz by varying each of four parameters while keeping the other three constant. The impedance bandwidth of the optimized antenna was increased from 40.05 to 81.34 % in the frequency range of 1.682–3.988 GHz. The optimized antenna resonates at 2.181 GHz with high return loss of −47.47 dB. This frequency band is suitable for use in Bluetooth, wireless local area network (WLAN), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications.

A Ka-Band Substrate Integrated Suspended Line to Rectangular Waveguide Transition

In this letter, a novel Ka -band transition from substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) to rectangular waveguide (RWG) is proposed. In order to broaden the bandwidth, a T-shaped patch is adopted. A back-to-back transition prototype has been designed and fabricated. From 24.6 to 38.5 GHz, i.e., a fractional bandwidth of 44%, the measured return loss is better than 12 dB and the insertion loss is less than 0.34 dB with a minimum of 0.11 dB. Fabricated by using a standard printed circuit board process, the proposed SISL-to-RWG transition has advantages of low manufacturing cost, compact size, lightweight, and self-packaging.

Радикальная коррекция тетрады Фалло с отсутствием левой легочной артерии с помощью Т-образной моностворчатой заплаты

Радикальная коррекция тетрады Фалло с отсутствием левой легочной артерии с помощью Т-образной моностворчатой заплаты

Design and analysis of compact T shape slotted patch antenna for 4G WiMAX applications

A novel single band microstrip patch antenna design is introduced for WiMAX/LTE applications. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 2.7 × 4.5 × 0.076 cm3 and produces the gain of 5.47-8 dBi around the operational band. The antenna consists of T-shaped patch and coaxial feed method is used. This paper presents the antenna design along with the simulated and measured results. Design optimisation and simulation processes are investigated with the help of the Agilent advanced design system electromagnetic simulator that operates based on the numerical technique full-wave method of moment (MoM). The fabricated coaxial feed patch antenna is tested and measured by using spectrum analyser.

Design and analysis of compact T shape slotted patch antenna for 4G WiMAX applications

A novel single band microstrip patch antenna design is introduced for WiMAX/LTE applications. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 2.7 × 4.5 × 0.076 cm3 and produces the gain of 5.47-8 dBi around the operational band. The antenna consists of T-shaped patch and coaxial feed method is used. This paper presents the antenna design along with the simulated and measured results. Design optimisation and simulation processes are investigated with the help of the Agilent advanced design system electromagnetic simulator that operates based on the numerical technique full-wave method of moment (MoM). The fabricated coaxial feed patch antenna is tested and measured by using spectrum analyser.