Syzygium Paniculatum Research Articles

Betterment of testicular dysfunction: Obesity induced testicular damage regulated by Syzygium paniculatum

BackgroundDiet is the most important environmental factor but consumption of high calorie diet leads to obesity which contributes to the development of various diseases, mainly leads to testicular dysfunction and infertility in males. It was reported that traditional medicinal plant extracts showed preventive and ameliorative effect on the testis, spermatogenesis and also fertility in rats fed on high fat diet. With this context, we set out to see whether an aqueous extract of Syzygium paniculatum fruit may help restore normal function to male rat testes that had become dysfunctional. PurposeThe goal of our research was to determine preventive functions of Syzygium paniculatum against testicular dysfunction caused by a high fat diet induced obesity. Study designAll rats were grouped into three of six rats each (n = 6), Group 1-Control rats (C); Group 2-HFD obese rats (Ob C); Group 3-HFD fed obese rats treated with 100 mg/kg bw/day of AESPF. MethodsA high fat diet rat model was established to examine the effects of Syzygium paniculatum. Eighteen Albino Wister rats (n = 6) divided into three groups, which was control group, HFD group and HFD+ AESPF treated group. All rat groups had a 17 weeks treatment period, and their physical, biochemical, testicular, and cytotoxic effects were assessed along with spermatogenic marker for cellular apoptosis (Bax, Cleaved caspase 3, Caspase-3), cell proliferation (PCNA), cell survival (Bcl2), testicular inflammatory pathway regulators (TNF-α, NF-B, IL-6) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) were evaluated by western blotting. The protective effects of S. Paniculatum on testes were evaluated by using histopathological examination. ResultsThe obese rats which given an HFD showed a substantial rise in their obesity index, aberrant hormone levels, and sperm counts along with the elevated expressions of inflammatory and apoptotic markers in the testis. Treatment with AESPF for 17 weeks improved testicular function, as measured by increased spermatogenesis and semen quality, lower expression of apoptotic and inflammatory proteins in the testes, and an increase in testosterone level and antioxidant capacity. Histopathological results corroborate the enhanced testicular relative weight and histological picture seen after AESPF treatment for 17 weeks. According to our findings, the metabolic and reproductive systems were dysfunctional after HFD intake, however AESPF restored normalcy. ConclusionThe administration of the aqueous extract of Syzygium paniculatum fruit (AESPF) reduced HFD induced spermatogenesis dysfunction and apoptosis. Obesity-related testicular dysfunction in men might be treated with Syzygium paniculatum fruit as a new therapeutic medication.

Bioremediation potential of tree-level plant vegetation UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta campus as an alternative solution to environmental problems towards a green campus.

Environmental problems become actual and interesting issues to discuss. Environmental problems are not only in water, soil and living things but also include air pollution. One of the environmental solutions can use bioremediation, Educational Institutions can also participate in environmental solutions by becoming a green campus. The purpose of this study is to see the potential of bioremediation of tree-level plant vegetation UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta as an alternative solution to environmental problems towards a green campus. This research was conducted from July-October 2023, plant classification was carried out thoroughly in the campus area, then a meta-analysis was carried out for its potential as bioremediation and green campus potential. Based on the results of research at the UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta campus, there are 58 types of plants with a total of 670 plants with the most types of plants red shoots (Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn.) 12% and Ketapang kencana (Terminalia mantaly) 11%. Furthermore, the results of the meta-analysis found that the potential for vegetation bioremediation at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta as phytoremediation where plants act as bioremediation agents, while the potential of UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta as a green campus based on the UI GreenMetric Guidelines 2022 Standards has met several criteria and indicators of green campus achievements, but to become a green campus requires the participation of various parties, both leaders and the academic community and students so that UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta can get the title of green campus.

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Thickness of Leaf Anatomical Tissue Dicot Ornamental Plants at Different Light Intensities

Different light intensities affect the leaf anatomy. This study aims to measure the thickness of the anatomical tissue of the leaves of six types of dicot ornamental plants at different light intensities. This study used a quantitative experimental method with a completely randomized factorial design (CRD-Factorial). This design consisted of two factors, namely the main factors were six types of plants, namely Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss., Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R, Br. Ex Roem. & Schult., Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn, Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour., and Aerva sanguinolenta BI. The second factor is the different light conditions (open and shading) with three replications. Parameters measured were total leaf anatomical tissue thickness, upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy using a modified paraffin method from Johansen. Data were analyzed using the CRD-Factorial ANOVA model followed by the LSD test. Correlation done between palisade, spongy, and lower epidermis thickness with total tissue thickness. The results showed that the leaf anatomy of six types of dicot ornamental plants varied. All plants have one layer of upper and lower epidermis tissue. In Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss., Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn, and Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. has two layers of palisade tissue while the Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R,Br. Ex Roem. & Schult. and Aerva sanguinolenta BI has one layer of palisade tissue. Meanwhile, the spongy tissue in all plants has one layer of tissue. The thickness of the leaf tissue decreased in the shading area along with the depletion of the palisade, spongy, and lower epidermis tissue as indicated by a correlation from moderately strong to very strong. Shrinkage of palisade tissue, sponges, and lower epidermis is a plant's attempt to get optimal light in shading areas. The more lower epidermis srink, the thickness of leaf become thin while the thickness of palisade and sponge varied so the thickness of total leaf from each species also varied.

Development of pH Measuring Strip Test Based On West Kalimantan Local Plant

Synthetic acid-base indicators possess some disadvantages. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a natural acid-base indicator made from a mixture of plant extracts, which has a strip form, is safe, eco-friendly, has a wide pH range, and has clear color changing. This research aims to determine the pH range, make a pH indicator in the strip form, and produce a biodegradable acid-base indicator made from a mixture of Melastoma malabathricum flower, Dioscorea alata rhizome, Syzygium paniculatum leaves, Garcinia fruit peel, Eleutherine bulbosa rhizome extracts. Plant extracts were obtained using the maceration method. pH range was evaluated using the visual method by sensing the color changing in the pH range from 1 to 14. pH indicator strip was made by applying filter paper in the strip form into the extract mixture for 2 hours. The biodegradable property of acid-base indicator strips was established by measuring indicator strip degradation after planting it in the ground for 20 days at room temperature. The results showed that the acid-base indicator strip made from a mixture of plant extracts was able to give a color change from pink to light green in the pH range of 3-8 and can be decomposed completely after planting it in the ground for 20 days. Thus, it indicated that a natural pH indicator strip based on West Kalimantan plants has the potential to be developed as a safe and effective acid-base indicator to substitute synthetic acid-base indicators.

Ketebalan Daun dan Laju Transpirasi Pada Tanaman Hias Dikotil

Transpiration rate internally depends on the water content that occupies the tissue in the leaves, which is reflected in the thickness of the leaves. This study measured the transpiration rate and leaf thickness of ornamental dicotyledon plants. The experiment used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Six species of dicotyledon plants and three parts of the plant were the main factors. The interaction between plant species and plant parts was a combination factor. The transpiration rate was measured using a weighing method and leaf thickness was measured from the upper to the lower epidermis. Leaf thickness was measured before and after transpiration rate measurement. Data were analyzed using SAS with Factorial CRD model and continued with the LSD test if there was a significant treatment. The species of plant and plant parts had significant effects on the transpiration rate and leaf thickness, but the combination or interaction of the two did not affect the transpiration rate and leaf thickness. Aerva sanguinolenta Bi. had the highest transpiration rate followed by Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn., Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour., Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, and Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss while the leaves at the bottom of the plant had the highest transpiration rate compared to the middle and upper parts of the plant. Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. had thick leaves and less transpiration rate than the other plants. The leaves at the top had a higher thickness than those at the middle and bottom parts of the plant. This occurs because the transpiration rate of the lower leaf was faster than the upper and middle parts. Leaf thickness was inversely correlated to the rate of transpiration.
 
 Keywords: dicotyledon, leaf thickness, transpiration rate

Distribusi dan Luas Stomata pada Enam Jenis Tanaman Dikotil

Stomatal distribution and area are related to transpiration rate. This study measured stomatal distribution and area in dicotyledon plants used as ornamental plants. The study used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the main factors were six types of dicotyledon plants and three plant parts (top, middle and bottom). Combination factors were the interaction of plant species and parts. By using the replica method and micrometer, the study used five replications with the measured parameters: the stomatal distribution and area. Data were analyzed using SAS with the Factorial RAL model and continued with the LSD test if the treatments were significant. Correlation coefficients between stomatal distribution and area were calculated to see the relationship between the two. The types and plant parts significantly affected the stomatal distribution, while the stomatal area was influenced by the main and combination factors. Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn had the highest stomatal distribution and was different from other plant types. Meanwhile, lower leaves had the lowest stomatal distribution and differed from the middle and upper. Aerva sanguinolenta Bl had the highest stomatal area (591.05) compared to other plant species. The stomatal area on the plant's upper leaves (272,71) was significantly lower than the middle and lower parts. The combination between species and the lower part of the plant produced the highest stomatal area compared to other combinations. Stomatal distribution was inversely proportional to the stomatal area. 
 
 Keywords: dicotyledon, part of plant, stomatal area, stomatal distribution

Polyphenol characterisation and diverse bioactivities of native Australian lilly pilly (Syzygium paniculatum) extract.

Magenta lilly pilly (Syzygium paniculatum) is an Australian native tree that produces berry fruits that are rich in phytochemicals reportedly beneficial to human health. Here we explored the biological activities of polyphenol-enriched extracts from the magenta lilly pilly fruit, benchmarking it against traditional sources including purple sweet potato and blackberry. We show that the extracts exert potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties as well as antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The phenolic composition of lilly pilly was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), revealing anthocyanins to be the primary component in high abundance compared to traditional anthocyanin-containing plants. Three anthocyanins from lilly pilly, along with their glycosylation patterns and stability, were characterised. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential to exploit magenta lilly pilly fruits as a high-yielding source of phenolics with beneficial biological properties of potential interest for multiple downstream applications.

The performance of solar cells using chlorophyll dye from Syzygium paniculatum

Abstract In this study, analysis was performed of the macro characterization of solar cells with chlorophyll dye from Syzygium paniculatum, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Solar cells based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial and chlorophyll dye from S. paniculatum can increase efficiency due to flavonoids and batulinic acid content. Photoanode TiO2 is one of the essential factors determining the photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and shade, which broadens the absorption spectrum. Furthermore, the method used in this research involved varying the colour of the S. paniculatum leaves, namely red (SP-Red), green (SP-Green) and a red–green mix (SP-Mix). From a macro analysis, SEM observations resulted in agglomerated and aggregated TiO2-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dye layers with irregular shapes. EDX observation resulted in a peak in Ti at 5 keV and all constituents were detected with an O:Ti ratio of 3.47:1 for FTO-TiO2/PEG using SP-Green. Measurement of voltage-current (IV) using a digital multimeter indicated that the best occurred in the DSSC with SP-Green, resulting in a short-circuit current density (Isc) of 0.0047 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.432 V, a charging factor (FF) of 0.749 and an efficiency (η) of 3.724%.

A Test of the Relationship between Sap Flow and Evapotranspiration, Normalized via Leaf Area, under Non-Limiting Soil Moisture

Sap flow is the movement of fluid within plants, whereas reference evapotranspiration (ETo) occurs external to plants as the transfer of water vapor from a hypothetical grass crop. Yet, on daily time scales, and when soil moisture is non-limiting, sap flow has a positive linear relationship with ETo. Furthermore, the E2.88 model hypothesises that sap flow (Q) is equal to ETo when parameters are normalized by leaf area (AL) via the following relationship: Q/AL = ETo/2.88. The value of 2.88 is the supposed leaf area index of the hypothetical grass in the ETo model. Therefore, the E2.88 model potentially provides a null or expected value of sap flow based on independent ETo parameters and leaf area. A test of the E2.88 model was conducted via three sap flow methods (dual method approach [DMA], heat ratio [HRM], and Tmax method) on the measurement of three woody species: Pyrus communis L. (var. Beurre Bosc Pear), Syzygium floribundum F. Muell. (Weeping Lilly Pilly), and Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn. (Lilly Pilly). A data compilation of the literature expanded the sample size to include additional species. The measured trees and data compilation found a strong, positive correlation between sap flow and ETo normalized by leaf area. However, the interpretation of the results was dependent on the sap flow method. The DMA had an average accuracy of 1.6%, whereas the HRM and Tmax significantly underestimated and overestimated sap flow, respectively. This study suggested that sap flow can be reliably estimated from accurate leaf area and ETo measurements and when other variables, such as soil moisture, are non-limiting.

Vegetation diversity and structure of urban parks in Cilegon City, Indonesia, and local residents’ perception of its function

Abstract. Muhlisin, Iskandar J, Gunawan B, Cahyandito MF. 2021. Vegetation diversity and structure of urban parks in Cilegon City, Indonesia, and local residents’ perception of its function. Biodiversitas 22: 2589-2603. The existence of urban parks is very essential for cities because they provide ecosystem services and benefits to humans. Diversity and structure of vegetation in urban parks play significant role in delivering several functions of ecosystem services. This paper aims to explore and analyze the vegetation diversity and structure, as well as ecosystem services of eight urban parks in Cilegon City, Banten Province, Indonesia. Vegetation analysis and residents’ perception are also conducted in this research. The analysis of vegetation is focused on horizontal structure of vegetation, including plant diversity, plant habitus, the original distribution of the plants, and vertical structure of vegetation (canopy stratification and vegetation profile). The residents’ perceptions are collected using interviews of selected respondents. The identification of vegetation recorded 114 plant species from 46 families are found in the concerned urban parks, however, the diversity and species richness in these parks tended to be low. The vegetation communities are uncertain and dominated primarily by non-native and invasive species. The canopy stratification is relatively homogeneous with the dominant plants having less than one meter in height, such as Ruellia simplex and Syzygium paniculatum. The vegetation planted in the urban parks are mostly ornamental plants that provide much more aesthetic function rather than ecological purpose, daily human needs, or other ecosystem services. This fact shows that urban parks in the study area have only few ecosystem services, hence they need some improvements in order to have more environmental services and to be able to enjoy more by the community.

Biochemical Aspect, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Melaleuca and Syzygium Species (Myrtaceae) Grown in Egypt

The objective of the present work was to establish the antimicrobial activity of four species of Melaleuca (i.e. Melaleuca leucandron, Melaleuca armillaris, Melaleuca linarifolia, & Melaleuca ericifolia) methanolic extracts and five species of Syzygium (i.e., Syzygium samaragense, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium gratum, Syzygium paniculatum & Syzygium malaccense). To research the chemical composition of the most promising extracts, as well. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microbial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), while the chemical composition was calculated by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry method (GC/MS). For the genus of Melaleuca, S. After therapy, aureus pathogens were inhibited with their methanolic extracts with an 8.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli with a 0.0-21.0 mm inhibition zone size, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 9.0-18.0 mm, and A. Niger with an inhibition zone scale of 0.0-15.0 mm. Whereas, for the genus Syzygium, S. After treatment with their methanolic extracts, aureus pathogens were inhibited with a 10.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli, with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-14.0 mm, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-21.0 mm, and A. Niger with a range of inhibition zones of 0.0-9.0 mm. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay ranged from 34.60 to 60.97μg/ml for the species Melaleuca. The IC50 values for the Syzygium species ranged from 29.81 to 52.95μg/ml compared to 7.35μg/ml for the normal ascorbic acid. GC/MS research showed that Syzygium gratum’s methanolic extract consists of 39 compounds comprising 99.08 percent, with Veridiflorol (7.16 percent) and 2-methyl, 3-Hexanone being the main compounds (5.74 percent ). While Melaleuca armillaris’ methanolic extract consists of 30 compounds comprising 97.66%, with Veridiflorol (18.36%) and Globulolol compounds being the key compounds (12.57 percent ).

Ethno-pharmacological insulin signaling induction of aqueous extract of Syzygium paniculatum fruits in a high-fat diet induced hepatic insulin resistance

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe ethnopharmacological significance of the fruits of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn (Magenta Cherry) is widely recognized in the Indian traditional medicine system to treat various disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular problems. Aim of the studyThis research work investigated the supplementation of the aqueous extract of S. paniculatum fruit (AESPF) on liver function; the molecular effects on the expression of the protein of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in high-fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in the rat model. Materials and methodsHigh-fat diet was used to induce obesity in albino Wistar for 120 days. Biochemical, enzymatic, and histopathological analysis, as well as analysis of hepatic insulin resistance proteins and expression of IRS-1, were performed. ResultsThe supplementation of AESPF with a dose of 100 mg/kg bw significantly reduced bodyweight, blood sugar, insulin, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes. Hepatic insulin resistance was improved with a reduced level of IR and IRS-1 to protein levels. HFD alters the sensitivity of hepatocytes to insulin due to the down-regulation of insulin receptor proteins. ConclusionsThe fruits of S. paniculatum possess biological activities to alleviate all risky effects by regulating hepatic lipogenesis activity that can be used in the progress of medication for HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.

Antioxidant and Antiglycation Activities of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn and Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes Relevant to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may be a contributing factor in the development of diabetes-specific vascular pathologies that affect the retina, glomerulus and peripheral nerves. In this study, Australian native food plant species Syzygium paniculatum was investigated for activities relevant to Type 2 diabetes mellitus including inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and protein glycation. A methanolic extract of the leaves showed the strongest α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 14.29 ± 0.82μg/mL, p < 0.05) when compared with other extracts. For inhibition of α-glucosidase, the strongest inhibition was shown for the water, methanolic and acetone extracts of leaves with IC50 values ranging from 4.73 ± 0.96 to 7.26 ± 0.92μg/mL. In the BSA-glucose model, fruit and leaf extracts inhibited formation of protein-bound fluorescent AGEs with IC50 values ranging between 11.82 ± 0.71 and 96.80 ± 13.41μg/mL. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the AGE inhibition significantly correlated with DPPH (rp = -0.8964, p < 0.05) and ABTS (rp = -0.8326, p < 0.05). α-amylase inhibitoryactivities strongly correlated with DPPH (rp = -0.8964, p < 0.001). α-glucosidase inhibitionstrongly correlated with TPC (rp = -0.9243, p < 0.05), FRAP (rp = -0.9502, p < 0.01), DPPH (rp = -0.9317, p < 0.01) and ABTS (rp = -0.9486, p < 0.01). This study provides a strong rationale for further investigation aimed at isolating and identifying the active compounds responsible for the observed effects on targets relevant to diabetes.

Vehicular emissions effect on the physiology and health status of five tree species in a Bogotá, Colombia urban forest

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Thanks to filtration by foliage, urban trees have a crucial role in air depuration. However, the exposure to pollutants could reduce their health and physiological performance, mainly because of low access to light and clogging of stomata by particulate matter. Objective: The accumulation of particulate matter on leaves (PMAL) and physiological traits of five urban tree species (Croton bogotanus Cuatrec., Eugenia myrtifolia Sims., Ficus soatensis Dugand, Schinus mole L., and Sambucus nigra L.) were quantified in sixty points in Bogotá, with the aims to (1) build a model explaining the PMAL based on traffic variables, (2) establishing the effect of vehicle pollution on physiological and phytosanitary variables, and (3) to evaluate the susceptibility of seedlings and trees to vehicle pollution. Methods: The physiological parameters: photochemical efficiency, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and specific leaf mass were measured and correlated with phytosanitary condition, PMAL and traffic variables: number of lanes, vehicular flow and tree-to-avenue distance. Additionally, tree physiological responses were measured in control, residential streets (RS), low traffic avenues (LTA), and high traffic avenues (HTA), and these last were compared with physiology of seedlings planted by three months in HTA. Results: PMAL was strongly associated with physiological responses. Ficus soatensis and C. bogotanus were the species with the maximum and the minimum PMAL. The exposure to traffic increased the photochemical efficiency and specific leaf mass, which could be related to the enrichment of nitrogen and atmospheric CO2. The stomatal conductance followed a bell pattern of low gas exchange in control sites, high values in RS and LTA, and decreasing again in HTA, which suggests an optimization in CO2 fixation at intermediate levels of pollution and susceptibility to stomatal clogging by extreme vehicle emissions. The chlorophyll a/b ratio, leaf area, and specific leaf mass were significantly related to the severity of leaf symptoms, and S. molle was the species with the healthiest leaves in HTA. Seedlings were more susceptible to pollution than trees, and fruits size and seedlings growth were affected by vehicular pollution. Conclusions: Ficus soatensis optimizes particle filtration and C. bogotanus is ideal for planting in HTA, although only as saplings. By contrast, the fast-growing E. myrtifolia and S. nigra seedlings should not be planted in HTA because of susceptibility of pigment contents, leaf area, and stomatal conductance to pollutants. Finally, because of its persistent high stomatal conductance and its low leaf symptoms, S. molle is the species with the best adaptation to vehicle pollution. A complete analysis of interactions among traffic, physiology, and health will help to improve the urban forestry planning.

A review of the most important natural antioxidants and effective medicinal plants in traditional medicine on prostate cancer and its disorders

Herbal plants can be used to treat and prevent life-threatening diseases, such as prostate cancer, infections and other diseases. The findings from traditional medicine and the use of medicinal plants can help control and treat most problems due to prostate diseases. The aim of this study was to identify and report the most important medicinal plants that affect prostate disorders. Based on the results of the review of numerous articles indexed in the databases ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., a number of plants have been reported to be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases, inflammation, infection, and cancer of the prostate gland. The plants include Panax ginseng, Arum palaestinum, Melissa officinalis, Syzygium paniculatum, Coptis chinensis, Embelia ribes, Scutellaria baicalensis, Tripterygium wilfordii, Salvia triloba, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Psidium guajava, Ganoderma lucidum, Litchi chinensis, Saussurea costus, Andrographis paniculata, Magnolia officinalis and Prunus africana. Phytochemical investigations have examined the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants effective on prostate cancer and their possible mechanisms of action and clinical effects as well as the use of active flavonoids in production of herbal drugs. Due to the active ingredients and important flavonoids of these plants, they can be used in production of herbal drugs that prevent and treat infections, inflammation and cancer of the prostate gland, and reduce the metastasis of prostate cancer cells, reducing the patients’ suffering and pain.

Possible hybridisation between 'Syzygium paniculatum' and 'Syzygium oleosum' presents issues for identification, conservation and management of a threatened species

Possible hybridisation between 'Syzygium paniculatum' and 'Syzygium oleosum' presents issues for identification, conservation and management of a threatened species

The phenology and potential ecological associations of Magenta Lilly Pilly (Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn) a native vulnerable Australian tree growing in Bogotá, Colombia

ABSTRACTMagenta Lilly Pilly tree (Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn) has been introduced and extensively planted throughout the city of Bogotá, Colombia. This species is considered threatened or vulnerable in Australia. This paper describes seven principal BBCH stages, namely, bud development, leaf development, shoot development, flower emergence, flowering, fruit development and maturity of fruit and seed. Trees produced flowers, fruits, vegetative flushes and resting buds in about 20% of the canopy throughout the year. About 40% to 50% of the canopy showed two mass flowering and fruiting events yearly. Magenta trees provided important ecosystem services such as pollination, perching sites, and food for birds. Magenta offers a constant supply of nectar and pollen for bees from the urban forest. Honeybees were the only insects observed visiting the fully open flowers (BBCH 67). The constant production of fruits and two mass annual fruiting events are important ecosystem service. The Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater), a native bird, fed on the ripe fruit (BBCH 89). The BBCH scale is key to study ecological associations and also the benefits the trees deliver to the urban forest.

In vivo antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative stress and antioxidant potential activities of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn. in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abnormal glucose metabolism causes various complications in many metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and mainly diabetes. But commonly used oral hypoglycemic drugs cause severe side effects. Hence, there is a need to find the medicine without side effects. Compounds of medicinal plants were nontoxic, inexpensive and less or no side effects. Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn. (Magenta Cherry) is one of the important medicinal plants in the genus Syzygium. The fruit of S. paniculatum is sour apple-like flavor which tribes using for diabetes without scientific evidence. The purpose of study was to investigate the phytochemical analysis, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative stress and antioxidant activities of the daily oral administration of the fruit aqueous extract of S. paniculatum at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw over a period of 120 days in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.The plant material collected, shade dried and the extracts prepared in increasing order of polarity and screened for different phytoconstituents by Harborne method. The extract with significant antihyperglycemic activity evaluated for antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative stress, antioxidant activity and also for insulin resistance by OGTT. The levels of insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, glycogen, total proteins, liver and kidney functional markers were measured. The changes in antioxidant defense system were evaluated by TBARS assay. Histopathological examination of pancreas sections carried by hematoxylin and eosin stain. The findings confirm that S. paniculatum possesses potential antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative stress and antioxidant activity. The histological changes also coincide with its potential on insulin secretion, glycemic control, lipid metabolisms, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities. This investigation confirms the traditional use of this plant in the folk medicine.

Análisis fisicoquímico de frutos de Syzygium paniculatum en diferentes estados de maduración

Arbustos de Syzyngium paniculatum se encuentran en la ciudad de Bogotá adornando calles, parques y jardines; presentan frutos vistosos conocidos como cereza magenta, a los que no se les da ningún tipo de aprovechamiento. En este estudio se realiza la caracterización de las propiedades fi sicoquímicas de dichos frutos en diferentes estados de maduración, para lo cual se llevaron a cabo análisis de peso fresco (0.23g–5.7g), diámetro longitudinal (9.22mm–26.2mm) y ecuatorial (6.18mm–23.6mm), humedad (70%-85%), cenizas (0.012%-0.038%), pH (3.00–4.12), sólidos solubles totales (6.2°Brix–12.2°Brix), acidez total titulable (1.7–23.9mg de ácido cítrico/g), clasifi cando finalmente cinco estados de maduración. En frutos con estado de maduración de consumo se analizó el contenido de minerales por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Se concluye que los frutos de S. paniculatum son un producto que tienen potencial para ser explotado para consumo humano en Bogotá, de acuerdo con las características fisicoquímicas encontradas y el contenido de fenoles. A su vez, se sugiere realizar análisis fi toquímicos que complementen un estudio de la bioprospección del fruto.