Abstract
Herbal plants can be used to treat and prevent life-threatening diseases, such as prostate cancer, infections and other diseases. The findings from traditional medicine and the use of medicinal plants can help control and treat most problems due to prostate diseases. The aim of this study was to identify and report the most important medicinal plants that affect prostate disorders. Based on the results of the review of numerous articles indexed in the databases ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., a number of plants have been reported to be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases, inflammation, infection, and cancer of the prostate gland. The plants include Panax ginseng, Arum palaestinum, Melissa officinalis, Syzygium paniculatum, Coptis chinensis, Embelia ribes, Scutellaria baicalensis, Tripterygium wilfordii, Salvia triloba, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Psidium guajava, Ganoderma lucidum, Litchi chinensis, Saussurea costus, Andrographis paniculata, Magnolia officinalis and Prunus africana. Phytochemical investigations have examined the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants effective on prostate cancer and their possible mechanisms of action and clinical effects as well as the use of active flavonoids in production of herbal drugs. Due to the active ingredients and important flavonoids of these plants, they can be used in production of herbal drugs that prevent and treat infections, inflammation and cancer of the prostate gland, and reduce the metastasis of prostate cancer cells, reducing the patients’ suffering and pain.
Highlights
The prostate gland, as age increases, may be affected by many diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer, due to impaired normal growth of the gland [1]
The medicinal plants and their natural antioxidants, which we examined in this study, effectively influence the treatment and prevention of prostate diseases and cancer and prostatitis via the potential mechanisms reported (Table 1)
The therapeutic effects of many medicinal plants in many diseases and cancers have been proven [61,62,63], among which Panax ginseng, Arum palaestinum, Androsace, Melissa officinalis, Artemisia, Geissospermum, Syzygium paniculatum, Acanthopanax, Coptis chinensis, Embelia ribes, Scutellaria baicalensis, Tripterygium wilfordii, Salvia fruticosa, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Psidium guajava, Fraxinus, Ganoderma lucidum, Litchi chinensis, Saussurea costus, Andrographis paniculata, Magnolia officinalis, Prunus africana have the greatest impact on prostate diseases
Summary
The prostate gland, as age increases, may be affected by many diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer, due to impaired normal growth of the gland [1]. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men [4,5]. The formation of a tumor in the prostate is related to several factors such as age, race, diet, heredity, and the environment [7]. Inflammation is a major contributor to prostate diseases and may play a role in the growth of tumor cells. Prostate cancer seems to be partly related to genetics, but environmental factors are involved [8,9]. Prostatitis is classified as acute, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory (chronic pelvic pain syndrome), and chronic bacterial
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