Systolic Blood Pressure Index Research Articles

Estimating the burden of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter with projection to 2050 in Iran.

Atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL) is the most common cardiac tachyarrhythmia, with an increasing trend in its burden in recent years. However, the burden of AF/AFL in Iran remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the burden of AF/AFL and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019 at national and subnational levels. Using the comparative risk assessment method of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, we extracted data on AF/AFL incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and their age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2019 and analyzed them based on by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). The percentage contribution of AF/AFL major risk factors was calculated. Moreover, the AF/AFL burden in 2050 was projected using the United Nations world population prospect data. In 2019, there were 339.1 (259.4-433.7) thousand AF/AFL patients in Iran, with 30.2 (23.2-38.5) thousand new cases, 1.7 (1.5-2) thousand deaths and 48 (37.7-60.5) thousand DALYs. Females and 50-69-year-old patients recorded a higher burden for AF/AFL; however, the increasing trend was more pronounced in males and more than 85-year-old patients. High systolic blood pressure and elevated body mass index (BMI) were the predominant attributable risk factors for AF/AFL-related deaths and DALYs. It is estimated that in 2050, the number of AF/AFL patients will increase to 1.1 million people, the incidence of AF/AFL will increase to 91 thousand patients, and the number of AF/AFL-related deaths and DALYs will surge to 7.2 and 170.8 thousand, respectively. Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, AF/AFL remains a major public health problem in Iran. Given its largely preventable and treatable nature, more cost-effective strategies are required to target modifiable risk factors, especially within susceptible age and sex groups.

Genetically Predicted Vascular Proteins and Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

The relationship between vascular proteins (VPs) and intracranial aneurysms (IAs) has not been fully elucidated. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the effect of VPs on IAs. Dataset of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) [5140 cases and 71,934 controls] and unruptured intracranial aneurysm (uIA) [2070 cases and 71,934 controls] were obtained from individuals of European ancestry. Univariate MR was used to explore the associations between 90 VPs and IAs. Then, we performed multivariate MR (MVMR) to further investigate the identified VP-to-IA estimates. Two-sample MR showed that TNFSF14 was inversely associated with aSAH (odds ratio [OR] = 0.831, 95% CI: 0.713-0.969, p = 0.018). IL-16 (OR = 1.218, 95% CI: 1.032-1.438, p = 0.020) and AgRP (OR = 1.394, 95% CI: 1.048-1.855, p = 0.023) were positively associated with aSAH. HBEGF (OR = 0.642, 95% CI: 0.461-0.894, p = 0.009), MCP-1 (OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.007-2.344, p = 0.046), and CX3CL1 (OR = 0.762, 95% CI: 0.581-0.999, 0.049 < p < 0.050) were associated with uIA risk. The MVMR showed that the TNFSF14-to-aSAH estimate remained statistically significant after adjustment for past tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure and body mass index. Our study indicated that low serum TNFSF14 levels might be a potential risk factor for IA rupture. Five VPs (HBEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, CX3CL1, and AgRP) are associated with the risk of IAs (both uIA and aSAH).

The impact of fetuin-A on predicting aortic arch calcification: secondary analysis of a community-based survey.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is associated with a high mortality rate due to vascular calcification. The role of fetuin-A in aortic arch calcification (AAC) is less well understood. An analysis of secondary biomarkers was performed on 800 individuals from the biobank using the community database. AAC was defined by radiologists based on imaging. Multiple variables logical analysis was used for risk analysis. A total of 736 individual samples were collected based on age and gender. The average age is 65 ± 10 years, and half the population comprises men. In spite of similar body weight, renal function, and hepatic function, the AAC group had higher blood pressure and fetuin-A levels independently: systolic blood pressure (SBP) index ≥130 mmHg [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-2.57, p = 0.002] and fetuin-A (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.76, p < 0.001). Moreover, it is evident that AAC can be predicted more accurately when combined with SBP ≥130 mmHg and a low fetuin-A level (<358 μg/ml: aOR 5.39, 95% CI 3.21-9.08) compared with the reference. Low fetuin-A levels are significantly correlated with AAC while there is an increased association between vascular calcification and coexisting hypertension.

Vitamin D and its associations with blood pressure in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort.

Vitamin D (25OHD) can modulate pathways and mechanisms that regulate blood pressure (BP). Observational studies in children and adults have shown an inverse association between 25OHD and BP. Studies evaluating associations between 25OHD and BP in pediatric chronic kidney disease are limited. We evaluated the associations between 25OHD and BP using data from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. Clinic or ambulatory BP index was defined as participant's BP divided by 95th age-sex-height-specific BP percentile, an index > 1 suggests hypertension. Primary outcomes of interest were changes in systolic and diastolic clinic and ambulatory BP indices over follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between BP indices and 25OHD. The study cohort consisted of 370 participants who contributed 970 person-visits. A subset of 194 participants with ambulatory BP data contributed 465 person-visits. There was an association between baseline 25OHD levels and clinic systolic BP index such that for every 10ng/ml lower 25OHD, clinic systolic BP index was 1.0% higher (95%CI: 0.2-1.8, p = 0.016) between participants. The association between clinic diastolic BP index with baseline 25OHD was not significant. For within-person changes, longitudinal decreases in 25OHD were not significantly associated with concomitant increases in clinic systolic or diastolic BP index. There were no significant associations between 25OHD levels at baseline or longitudinally with 24-h ABPM indices. Low 25OHD levels were associated with higher clinic systolic BP in children with CKD. Vitamin D supplementation to maintain normal 25OHD levels might be a useful adjunctive treatment in optimizing BP control in these high-risk patients.

Reference values of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults based on ultrasound radio frequency signal: A nationwide, multicenter study.

Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter, stiffness, and wave reflections, are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants. A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults (1922 women) aged 18-79years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022. The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency (RF) ultrasound system. The IMT, diameter, compliance coefficient, β stiffness, local pulse wave velocity (PWV), local systolic blood pressure, augmented pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx) were then automatically measured and reported. Data were stratified by age groups and sex. The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions. The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and analyses of covariance. All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories. Women showed thinner IMT, smaller carotid diameter, larger AP, and AIx than men. The β stiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties, but the differences reversed after that. The increase rate of carotid IMT (5.5μm/year in women and 5.8μm/year in men) and diameter (0.03mm/year in both men and women) were similar between men and women. For the stiffness and wave reflections, women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes (all P for age by sex interaction <0.05). The blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex. The age- and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established. The blood pressures, BMI, and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.

Serum Zinc and Copper Concentrations and Dyslipidemia as Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Data Mining Techniques.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and the ratio of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the blood serum and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Phase I of the study, 9704 individuals between the age of 35 and 65 years were recruited. Phase II of the cohort study comprised 7561 participants who completed the 10-year follow-up. The variables which were measured at the baseline of the study included gender, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); biochemical parameters including serum Cu, Zn, copper-zinc ratio (Cu/Zn), zinc-copper ratio (Zn/Cu); fasted lipid profile consisting of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as fasting serum glucose, and triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index. Decision tree (DT) and logical regression (LR) models were applied to examine the relationship between the aforementioned factors and CVD. CVD was diagnosed in 837 individuals (378 males and 459 females) out of 7561 participants. According to the LR models, SBP, TC, HDL, age, Zn/Cu, and TyG index for males and SBP, age, TyG index, HDL, TC, Cu/Zn, and Cu for females had the highest correlation with CVD (p-value ≤ 0.033). Based on the DT algorithm, 88% of males with SPB < 129.66 mmHg, younger age (age < 53 years), TyG index < 9.53, 173 ≤ TC < 187 mg/dL, and HDL ≥ 32 mg/dL had the lowest risk of CVD. Also, 98% of females with SBP < 128 mmHg, TyG index < 9.68, age < 44, TC < 222 mg/dL, and HDL ≥ 63.7 mg/dL had the lowest risk of CVD. It can be concluded that the Zn/Cu for men and Cu/Zn for women, along with dyslipidemia and SBP, could significantly predict the risk of CVD in this cohort from northeastern Iran.

Sleep Duration and Blood Pressure in Youth Referred for Elevated Blood Pressure Evaluation.

Sleep promotion is not specifically recommended as a target for hypertension management. We examined associations of sleep duration and timing with blood pressure parameters in patients referred to pediatric nephrology clinic for elevated blood pressure evaluation. This is a retrospective study of initial ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data and self-report sleep data collected from patients referred to nephrology clinic for the evaluation of elevated blood pressure. Linear and logistic regression modeling determined associations between sleep exposures (duration and timing) and continuous and dichotomous blood pressure outcomes, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and weekday versus weekend status. The study sample included 539 patients with mean age 14.6 years and 56% meeting hypertension criteria. Sleep duration averaged 9.1 hours per night. Average timing of sleep onset and offset were 11:06 pm and 8:18 am, respectively. Longer sleep duration was associated with better daytime blood pressure parameters (eg, every extra hour of sleep duration was associated with a reduced odds of wake hypertension [odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99]). Later sleep onset was associated with worse daytime blood pressure parameters (eg, each additional hour of later sleep onset was associated with higher wake systolic blood pressure index [mean wake blood pressure/95th percentile]) (β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.13). Associations were consistent across sex, age, body mass index, and weekday status. Longer sleep duration and earlier sleep onset were associated with lower blood pressure. This suggests that sleep optimization may be an important target for intervention in hypertension management.

Association between health literacy and Framingham risk score

High health literacy (HL) plays a critical role in preventing or delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and can improve disease management and control. The present study aims to determine the association between HL and non-laboratory-based (office-based) Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 648 people aged 30–65 in the health centers of Jahrom. The Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) was used to assess HL. The non-laboratory-based Framingham risk score (FRS) was utilized to determine the 10-year risk of CVDs. Risk factors such as age, gender, diabetes, current smoking status, systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertension (HTN) treatment, and body mass index (BMI) were applied in the non-laboratory-based model. The average age of the subjects was 44.7 ± 10.5 years, among which 49.2% were males. The prevalence of diabetes, HTN, and smoking equaled 8.5%, 15.7%, and 10%, respectively. In addition, the average BMI was 26.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2. Based on the non-laboratory-based Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD, 72.5%, 13.9%, and 13.6% of the subjects were in the low, moderate, and high risk groups, respectively. Based on the HL grouping, the levels of insufficient, borderline, sufficient, and excellent HL were 19.3%, 26.4%, 34.6%, and 19.7%, respectively. A significant association was observed between 10-year CVD risk and HL grouping. In addition, a negative correlation was reported at the individual level between HL and non-laboratory-based FRS among the whole population (r = − 0.39, p < 0.001), men (r = − 0.32, p < 0.001), and women (r = − 0.42, p < 0.001). A higher HL score is associated with a lower risk of CVD. In addition, the adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that there was a strong association between elevated CVD risk (≥ 10%) and HL (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.9–12.6) among inadequate HL participants compared with excellent HL individuals. Thus, designing and implementing training programs to increase HL, especially among those who are at risk of CVDs, should be regarded as an important issue for the prevention of such diseases.

#1323 Kidney health in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia: lessons from the prospective multicenter study in Germany and Switzerland

Abstract Background and Aims X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common genetic cause of hypophosphatemia. Mutations in the PHEX gene cause elevated circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), phosphaturia, rickets and osteomalacia. Conventional treatment with phosphate salts and active vitamin D is associated with nephrocalcinosis and preclinical studies in mice have shown that a chronic high phosphate load causes proximal tubular injury and fibrosis. There is no detailed analysis on kidney health in XLH patients yet. Method We conduct a prospective observational multicenter study in Germany and Switzerland to evaluate kidney health in pediatric XLH patients. Patients receive conventional therapy or burosumab, a fully humanized anti-FGF23 antibody. Clinical and biochemical data, blood and urine samples are collected annually. Results To date, 137 patients (80 girls, mean age 10.5 years) from 40 centers are included. 22% of patients have been treated conventionally for 7.5 years, 78% of patients have received burosumab for 2.3 years with 3.7 years of conventional therapy beforehand. Children with XLH show increased systolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI), and overweight (BMI &amp;gt;90th percentile) and hypertension (systolic blood pressure &amp;gt;95th percentile) were each found in 20% of patients. A reduced eGFR (&amp;lt;90 ml/min/1.73 m2) and/or nephrocalcinosis was noted in 7% and 28% of patients, respectively. Microalbuminuria is twice as prevalent in children with XLH as in healthy children (14% vs 7%). Urinary lithogenic substances (calcium, oxalate, glycolate) are increased in 1.8-22.8%, and citrate is decreased in 12.3% of XLH patients. Tubular injury markers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) are elevated in urine of children with XLH, Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHl3L1) is comparable to children with chronic kidney disease, while kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), indicating proximal tubule cell injury, is within a normal range. The renal inflammation marker monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is elevated in children with XLH, and epidermal growth factor (EGF), a marker of tubular cell repair, is decreased compared to healthy adults. Conclusion Pediatric XLH patients on conventional or burosumab therapy show enhanced systolic blood pressure slightly associated with elevated BMI, and significant renal comorbidity, i.e. reduced eGFR, nephrocalcinosis, increased urinary lithogenic substances, elevated urinary markers of glomerular and tubular injury and inflammation. The impact of conventional versus burosumab treatment are still being investigated.

Optimal hemodynamic parameters for risk stratification in acute pulmonary embolism patients.

Hemodynamic assessment of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a fundamental component of early risk stratification that in turn, influences subsequent monitoring and therapeutic strategies. The current body of literature and international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines focus mainly on the use of systolic blood pressure (SBP). The accuracy of this single hemodynamic parameter, however, and its optimal values for the identification of hemodynamic instability have been recently questioned by clinicians. For example, abnormal SBP or shock index may be a late indicator of adverse outcomes, signaling a patient in whom the cascade of hemodynamic compromise is already well underway. The aim of the present article is to review the current evidence supporting the use of SBP and analyze the potential integration of other parameters to assess the hemodynamic stability, impending clinical deterioration, and guide the reperfusion treatment in patients with PE, as well as to suggest potential strategies to further investigate this issue.

Factors associated with change in arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the JointHeart study

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) predominantly affects women and is associated with hypertension and arterial stiffness. We explored factors associated with change in arterial stiffness in patients with RA treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Methods Seventy-seven outpatients with RA (age 55 ± 11, 69% women), with indication for treatment with biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs, were included. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation pressure (AP), augmentation index (AIx) and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) were measured at baseline and after a mean of 22 months of follow-up. Results At follow-up, 83% used DMARDs and 73% had achieved remission or low disease activity. DAS28 decreased from 3.8 ± 1.3 to 2.8 ± 1.2 (p < 0.001). Mean PWV increased from 7.8 ± 1.6 m/s at baseline to 8.5 ± 1.8 m/s at follow-up (p < 0.001), while AP and AIx were stable. Increase in PWV during follow-up was associated with increase in systolic blood pressure (BP), diabetes, higher DAS28 and body mass index (BMI) at baseline, independent of achieved remission/low disease activity and use of DMARDs at follow-up. In multivariable analyses at follow-up, female sex was associated with higher AP and AIx, but with lower PWV, after adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusion In patients with RA, higher disease activity, BMI and diabetes at baseline, together with increase in office systolic BP were associated with an increase in arterial stiffness during follow-up, despite DMARD therapy. This highlights the need for management of cardiovascular risk factors in addition to reducing the inflammatory load in patients with RA to preserve arterial function.

Transition probabilities of diabetic retinopathy and death in an Asian population with diabetes

PurposeTo evaluate the dynamic transitions in diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity over time and associated risk factors in an Asian population with diabetes. DesignLongitudinal cohort study MethodsWe analyzed data from 9481 adults in the Singapore Integrated Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program (2010–2015) with linkage to death registry. A multistate Markov model adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diabetes duration, HbA1c, and body mass index (BMI) was applied to estimate annual transition probabilities between four DR states (no, mild, moderate, and severe/proliferative) and death, and the mean sojourn time in each state. ResultsThe median assessment interval was 12 months, with most patients having 3 assessments. Annual probabilities for DR progression (no-to-mild, mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe/proliferative) were 6.1 %, 7.0 % and 19.3 %, respectively; and for regression (mild-to-no, moderate-to-mild and severe-to-moderate) were 55.4 %, 17.3 % and 4.4 %, respectively. Annual mortality rates from each DR state were 1.2 %, 2.0 %, 18.7 %, and 30.0 %. The sojourn time in each state were 8.2, 0.8, 0.8 and 2.2 years. Higher HbA1c and SBP levels were associated with progression of no-mild and mild-moderate DR, and diabetes duration with no-to-mild and moderate-to-severe/proliferative DR. Lower HbA1c levels were associated with regression from mild-to-no and moderate-to-mild, and higher BMI with mild-to-no DR. ConclusionsOur results suggest a prolonged duration (∼8 years) in developing mild DR, with faster transitions (within a year) from mild or moderate states. Moderate/above DR greatly increases the probability of progression and death as compared to mild DR/below. HbA1c was associated with both progression as well as regression.

The association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk among children and adolescents in the United States (US): A NHANES study.

This work aims to assess the association of sleep duration with cardiometabolic risk (adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, albuminuria and A1C) and to investigate lifestyle factors (physical activity, light exposure, caffeine consumption and sugar consumption) associated with sleep duration in children. A nationally representative sample of 3907 children ages 6-17 years enrolled in NHANES from 2011 to 2014 was included in this cross-sectional study. Sleep duration was defined as the daily average time spent sleeping over 7days as measured by a physical activity monitor (PAM). Participants without valid sleep data for ≥95% of the study were excluded. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI) Z score, physical activity and light exposure. In adjusted regression models, longer sleep duration was associated with lower systolic blood pressure index (β = -3.63*10-5, 95% CI -6.99*10-5, -2.78*10-6, p = 0.035) and BMI Z score (β = -0.001, 95% CI -0.001, 0.000, p = 0.002). In logistic regression models, longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.997, 0.999, p < 0.001) and overweight status (OR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.997, 0.999, p = 0.004). Greater light exposure (β = 6.64*10-5, 95% CI 3.50*10-5, 9.69*10-5, p < 0.001) and physical activity (β = 0.005, 95% CI 0.004, 0.006, p < 0.001) were associated with longer sleep. Longer sleep duration was associated with lower blood pressure and adiposity measures in children. Improving sleep quality by increasing physical activity and light exposure in childhood may decrease the lifetime risk of cardiometabolic disease.

Use of indices to assess women’s health in wellness fitness

Background and Study Aim. With increasing focus on women's health and well-being, there's a pressing need for efficient tools to accurately reflect their physical condition and health status. This study aims to substantiate the use of indices as effective instruments for assessing women's health and wellness fitness. Material and Methods. This study involved 40 women, aged 43.33 ± 0.93 years, who participated in a wellness fitness program for 8 months. Sessions were held three times a week, each lasting 1 hour. A comprehensive health improvement program was utilized, incorporating dance aerobics, strength fitness, and stretching exercises. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and the Stange test was administered to calculate 12 health-related indices. The significance of differences was evaluated using the sign criterion (z) and Rosenbaum's Q index. Assessments were conducted both before the initiation and upon completion of the wellness program. Results. Significant changes were observed in several indices, including the Body Mass Index (z=2), Erisman Index (z=0), Vital Index (z=0), Skibinsky Index (z=1), Kerdo Autonomic Index (z=2), Robinson Index (z=3), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (z=11), Systolic Blood Pressure Index (z=5), Diastolic Blood Pressure Index (z=4), and Livy Index (z=0). Additionally, a reliable improvement in the left arm strength index was confirmed using Rosenbaum's Index (Q=7). Conclusions. The results validate the use of specific indices to evaluate the efficacy of wellness fitness programs. Notable improvements were observed in the Body Mass Index, Erisman Index, and Livy Index, indicative of enhanced physical condition and normalization of body mass, particularly significant among overweight and obese participants. An increase in the strength index reflects augmented hand muscle strength, while enhancements in the vital index signal boosted respiratory system functionality. Furthermore, changes in the Skibinsky Index, Robinson Index, and Kerdo Autonomic Index highlight an elevated adaptation capacity of the cardiorespiratory system. The comprehensive set of indices employed offers insights into the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems' state. Their applicability at both individual and group levels, combined with the simplicity of calculations, clarity, and informativeness, markedly improves the monitoring effectiveness of health and fitness status.

The difference of affect improvement effect of music intervention in aerobic exercise at different time periods.

Objectives: A randomized controlled experimental design that combines exercise and music intervention was adopted in this study to verify whether this approach could help improve human affect. The differences in the effect of music listening on affective improvement were compared in four different periods: before, during, and after aerobic power cycling exercise and the whole exercise course. Method: A total of 140 subjects aged 19-30 years (average age: 23.6 years) were recruited and randomly divided into four music intervention groups, namely, the pre-exercise, during-exercise, post-exercise, and the whole-course groups. The subjects' demographic and sociological variables and daily physical activities were collected using questionnaires. Individual factors, such as the subjects' noise sensitivity, personality traits, and degree of learning burnout, were collected via scale scoring. A laboratory in Zhejiang Normal University was selected as the experimental site. The testing procedure can be summarized as follows. In a quiet environment, the subjects were asked to sit quietly for 5min after completing a preparation work, and then they were informed to take a pre-test. The four subject groups wore headphones and completed 20min of aerobic cycling (i.e., 7min of moderate-intensity cycling [50%*HRR + RHR] + 6min of low-intensity interval cycling [30%*HRR + RHR] + 7min of moderate-intensity cycling [50%*HRR + RHR] after returning to a calm state (no less than 20min) for post-testing. The affect improvement indicators (dependent variables) collected in the field included blood pressure (BP), positive/negative affect, and heart rate variability indicators (RMSSD, SDNN, and LF/HF). Results: 1) Significant differences were found in the participants' systolic BP (SBP) indices and the effect of improvement of the positive affect during the exercise-music intervention among the four groups at different durations for the same exercise intensity (F = 2.379, p = 0.030, ɳp 2 = 0.058; F = 2.451, p = 0.043, ɳp 2 = 0.091). 2) Music intervention for individuals during exercise contribute more to the reduction of SBP than the other three time periods (F = 3.170, p = 0.047, ɳp 2 = 0.068). Improvement in the participants' negativity affective score was also better during exercise, and it was significantly different than the other three time periods (F = 5.516, p = 0.006, ɳp 2 = 0.113). No significant differences were found in the improvement effects of the other effective indicators for the four periods. Conclusion: Exercise combined with music intervention has a facilitative effect on human affect improvement, and listening to music during exercise has a better impact on affective improvement than music interventions at the other periods. When people perform physical activities, listening to music during exercise positively affects the progress effect among them.

Impact of Biologic Therapy on Key Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in a Psoriatic Cohort-a Retrospective Review.

Psoriasis is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Biologic agents have revolutionised psoriatic skin control. This study aims to assess the change in cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of patients treated with 1 year of continuous biologic treatment. A retrospective medical record review was conducted of consecutive patients receiving biologic therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis in a single dermatology centre at a major tertiary hospital in Australia. The effect of biologic therapy on psoriasis was assessed using a psoriasis area severity index (PASI). Cardiovascular risk factors included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), heart rate (HR) and body mass index (BMI). Measurements at baseline and 1-year follow-up were compared using paired t-tests. A total of 106 patients were reviewed with a median age of 44 years, and 63% of the patients were male. At baseline, mean BMI was 30 (SD 7), mean SBP was 129 (SD 17), mean DBP was 81 (SD 9) and mean HR was 82 (SD 14). Over 12months, the PASI was reduced from 17.4 (SD 8.5) to 1.4 (SD 1.7, p < 0.001) indicating skin improvement. There was no significant difference from baseline in SBP (difference 2.3mmHg, 95% CI - 1.4-5.9), DBP (0.6mmHg, 95% CI - 1.2-2.5), BMI (difference - 0.1kg/m2, 95% CI - 0.9-0.7) or HR (difference 1.3, 95% CI - 3.9-6.4). In patients with psoriasis, markers of cardiovascular disease risk did not improve after 1year of biologic therapy despite significant improvements in psoriasis skin severity.

Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and cardiometabolic, cognitive and neuroimaging parameters: an analysis from the PREVENT dementia study

BackgroundThe Eatwell guide reflects the UK government's recommendations for a healthy and balanced diet. Previous research has identified associations between healthy eating patterns and both cardiovascular and brain health, although there is little evidence specifically focusing on the Eatwell Guide. To date no research has investigated associations between the Eatwell Guide and risk for future dementia.MethodsData from the PREVENT dementia cohort study baseline visit was used in this analysis. Binary and graded Eatwell Guide scores (BEWG, GEWG) were created from a self-reported Food Frequency Questionnaire. The CAIDE score was included as the primary outcome measure to represent risk for future Alzheimer’s disease. Secondary outcome measures included cardiometabolic health measures and brain health measures. Generalised additive models were run in R.ResultsA total of 517 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean BEWG score of 4.39 (± 1.66) (out of a possible 12 points) and GEWG score of 39.88 (± 6.19) (out of a possible 60 points). There was no significant association between either Eatwell Guide score and the CAIDE score (BEWG β: 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07, 0.22; GEWG β: 0.02, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06) or any measures of brain health. There was a significant association between higher GEWG score and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) (systolic β: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.03; diastolic β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; BMI β: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01).ConclusionsAlthough not directly associated with the CAIDE score, the Eatwell Guide dietary pattern may be beneficial for dementia prevention efforts through the modification of hypertension and obesity, which are both known risk factors for dementia. Future work could replicate these findings in other UK-based cohorts as well as further development of Eatwell Guide scoring methodologies.

Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Interval Neurocognitive Decline: An Analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

To evaluate whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, are associated with cognitive decline later in life among U.S. Hispanic/Latina individuals. The HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) is a prospective population-based study of Hispanic/Latino individuals aged 18-74 years from four U.S. communities. This analysis included parous individuals aged 45 years or older who participated in the HCHS/SOL clinic study visit 1 (2008-2011) neurocognitive assessment and subsequently completed a repeat neurocognitive assessment as part of the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging ancillary study visit 2 (2015-2018). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were assessed retrospectively by self-report of any gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia. Cognitive functioning was measured at both study visits with the Brief Spanish-English Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Substitution, and Word Fluency. A regression-based approach was used to define cognitive decline at visit 2 as a function of cognition at visit 1 after adjustment for age, education, and follow-up time. Linear regression models were used to determine whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy or their component diagnoses were associated with standardized cognitive decline after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and behavioral risk factors, and follow-up time. Among 3,554 individuals included in analysis, the mean age was 56.2 years, and 467 of individuals (13.4%) reported at least one hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared with those without were more likely to have higher mean systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and body mass index. After an average of 7 years of follow-up, in fully adjusted models, gestational hypertension was associated with a 0.17-SD relative decline in Digit Symbol Substitution scores (95% CI, -0.31 to -0.04) but not other cognitive domains (Brief Spanish-English Verbal Learning Test or Word Fluency). Neither preeclampsia nor eclampsia was associated with neurocognitive differences. The presence of preeclampsia or eclampsia was not associated with interval neurocognitive decline. In this cohort of U.S. Hispanic/Latina individuals, gestational hypertension alone was associated with decreased processing speed and executive functioning later in life.

Validation of Patient Intrinsic Factors on Pre-Delay Coronary CT Scan Angiography (Coronary CTA) Bolus Tracking

Background: There is a variation in the pre-delay scan time on the Caronaria CTA tracking bolus examination, which give a constitution against the acquisition time and the contrast.Purpose: This study aims to determine the influence’s intrinsic factors on the pre-delay scan time.Method: Analytical research with a retrospective approach’s cross-sectional design measures independent variables: aortic diameter, systolic blood pressure, age, heart rate (HR), urea, creatinine, and body mass index (BMI). The dependent variables: the time pre-delay scan is performed simultaneously; its properties are momentary and observed under current conditions. Each object was observed three times, then the data normality and influence relationships between variables were analyzed with the bivariate and multivariate analysis approaches. Data was surveyed in June–August 2023 at a Hospital in Jakarta.Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between aortic diameter and pre-delay scan time with a value r = 0,577, having a positive pattern, as well as having a dependency 33.3% with p = 0,000 significance. While a very strong relationship is indicated by systolic blood pressure with r = 0.534 value and positive patterns, has a dependence of 30.4% with p = 0.000 significance value. Other instrumental factors: creatinine and BMI have a moderate relationship with r = 0.308 and r = 0.338 and are positive with a determination coefficient of 0.095 and 0.115. Urea, age, and heart rate have r = 0.174, 0.200, and 0.116. The determination coefficient values are under 0.04.Conclusion: The intrinsic factors: aortic diameter, systolic pressure, creatinine, urea, age, and heart rate have influenced positive CTA scan delays although different determination coefficients.Keywords: CTA Coronarya, bolus tracking, pre-delay scan time, aortic diameter, systolic blood pressure.

Evaluation of Office and Ambulatory Central Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index by Two Methods and Their Changes After Lifestyle or Medical Interventions in Hypertension

ObjectiveCentral systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and augmentation index (Aix) can be evaluated in office and also in ambulatory condition, during 24-h monitoring. The aim of our study was to measure cSBP and Aix in the office and in 24-h setting cSBP with two calibration methods and also Aix. Thereafter, we aimed to compare their changes after the initiation of lifestyle modifications or antihypertensive medications.MethodsOffice cSBP and Aix were measured with the tonometric PulsePen device (PP-cSBP, PP-Aix, respectively), while 24-h ambulatory cSBP and Aix (24 h-Aix) were evaluated with Mobil-O-Graph. For the calculation of 24-h cSBP both systolic/diastolic and systolic/mean BP calibration methods were considered (24 h-cSBPC1 and 24 h-cSBPC2, respectively). In new hypertensive patients (HT) the measurements were repeated 3 months after the initiation of antihypertensive medication while in white-coat hypertensive patients (WhHT) 12 months after lifestyle modifications.Results105 patients were involved including 22-22 HT and WhHT subjects, respectively. PP-cSBP (128 ± 13 mmHg,) was higher than 24 h-cSBPC1 (118 ± 9 mmHg, p < 0.05), but equal with 24 h-cSBPC2 (131 ± 11 mmHg). PP-Aix (14 ± 14%) was lower than 24 h-Aix (22 ± 7%, p < 0.05). For medical intervention PP-cSBP (Δ16 mmHg) decreased more, than 24 h-cSBPC1 (Δ10 mmHg, p < 0.05) and 24 h-cSBPC2 (Δ9 mmHg, p < 0.05).ConclusionsOffice tonometric and 24 h oscillometric cSBP values differ depending on the calibration. When examining the effect of antihypertensive treatment, the more marked changes in office tonometric cSBP suggests its higher variability compared with 24 h oscillometric central SBP. During follow-up, the two calibration methods of 24 h-cSBP seems not to be interchangeable.