System Resilience Research Articles

Enhancing Backup Strategies in Large Enterprises: A Unified Approach to Role-Based Access Control, Encryption, and Disaster Recovery

In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, safeguarding critical data has become a top priority for large enterprises. With rising threats like cyber-attacks, data breaches, and system failures, it is vital for organizations to implement effective backup solutions that ensure data integrity and availability. This research examines the significance of integrating key security measures such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), encryption, and disaster recovery planning to create a strong, secure backup infrastructure. RBAC helps restrict access to sensitive data, ensuring only authorized users can interact with it, while encryption safeguards data both in storage and during transit. Disaster recovery planning further enhances business continuity by offering clear protocols for data restoration after catastrophic events. The study investigates how combining these strategies not only enhances data security but also minimizes operational downtime, ensures compliance with regulatory standards, and improves overall system resilience. The paper reviews current practices, identifies common challenges, and anticipates future trends shaping enterprise backup and recovery systems. Keywords: Data Backup, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Encryption, Disaster Recovery Planning, Data Security, Enterprise Solutions, Cybersecurity, Compliance, Business Continuity

Leading public sector interorganizational collaboration in healthcare: Lessons from the intersection of climate and health.

It is generally accepted that wicked problems cannot be addressed by a single organization and require multiorganizational arrangements across governmental jurisdictions and sectoral boundaries. Health leaders increasingly are being called upon to lead collaborative initiatives. However, doing so is fraught with complexity. This article draws on relevant organizational literature and an empirical study focused on public sector collaboration for the purpose of fostering climate resilience in the health system to put forward four guidelines for collaborative leaders.

Editorial

Welcome to the inaugural volume of Comm&Optics Connect, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to advancing communication and networks across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. This first volume embodies our vision to provide a platform where groundbreaking research in radio, mmWave, THz, and optical technologies converges. The future of communication networks lies in the seamless integration of technologies across the electromagnetic spectrum to support ultra-high speed, ultra-low latency, and massive connectivity. However, realizing this vision requires overcoming significant challenges, such as managing the complexity of heterogeneous networks, ensuring robust security and privacy, and developing energy-efficient solutions. Comm&Optics Connect addresses these challenges by offering a platform for radio, mmWave, THz, and optical fields to share their work and collaboratively tackle these issues. The response to our call for papers reflects a strong interest in contributing to the aims and scope of the journal. The five articles featured in this volume represent the breadth and depth of research that Comm&Optics Connect aims to showcase. These articles cover critical areas such as: • Real-Time Cloud-based IoT for Energy Consumption Monitoring: Damien Campbell et al. present a cloud-based IoT platform for monitoring household electricity consumption, providing valuable insights into usage patterns and identifying opportunities for enhancing energy efficiency. This research exemplifies the journal’s focus on practical deployments. • Free Space Optical Inter-Satellite Links: Shivam Bhutiani and Nupur Shah explore the establishment of free space optical inter-satellite links beyond the Karman line. This work highlights the journal’s interest in cutting-edge communication technologies for space applications, aligning with the increasing demand for high-speed and reliable connectivity in satellite networks. • Enhancing Physical Layer Security: Shen Qian and Meng Cheng delve into physical layer security in lossy untrusted relay networks, focusing on the challenges and opportunities presented by finite blocklength transmissions. This research contributes to the journal’s commitment to exploring security and resilience in communication systems, an area of paramount importance as networks become more complex and vulnerable. • Open Fronthaul Technologies for 5G and Beyond: Hamna Shoukat et al. provide a comprehensive overview of technological trends in open fronthauls for beyond 5G and 6G networks. This work highlights the journal's emphasis on next-generation networks and the critical role of open and interoperable architectures in fostering innovation and flexibility. • Multi-Task Learning for Low-Complexity VLC Systems: Saksham Dewan and Hany Elgala explore the application of multi-task learning to reduce the complexity of visible light communication (VLC) systems. This research exemplifies the journal’s dedication to exploring novel data-driven approaches using deep learning (DL) models for enhanced efficiency and performance. As the Editor-in-Chief of Comm&Optics Connect, I am confident that the journal will become an essential resource for researchers in the field of communications and networks. None of this would be possible without the outstanding and diverse members of the editorial board, the hard-working staff at Scifiniti, and the valuable reviewers. I invite you to join us on this exciting journey as we bridge the gap between cutting-edge research and practical applications, shaping the future of a connected world. We look forward to receiving contributions from all over the world.

Time-Domain Aggregation of Interharmonics from Parallel Operation of Multiple Sustainable Sources and Electric Vehicles

This paper examines the random nature of interharmonics generated by power converters connected to sustainable energy sources and loads, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and electric vehicles (EVs). Current research often overlooks the stochastic behavior of interharmonics and their impact on power system reliability and resilience, leading to gaps in effective modeling and mitigation strategies. Thus, this study examines a low-voltage installation with a PV panel, an EV and a microwave operating simultaneously, providing practical insights into real-world scenarios of interharmonic related disruptions and solutions for enhancing the reliability and resilience of sustainable energy grids. By leveraging real-time measurements of interharmonics, suitable probability distribution functions (PDFs) are initialized to develop a probabilistic model using Monte Carlo simulation. This enables the derivation of a time-domain aggregation model of interharmonics from multiple sources operating together at the point of common coupling (PCC). The findings reveal that the peak values of voltage or current fluctuations at the PCC are influenced by the randomness in the number of devices connected and the frequency components originating from different sources. Through multiple case studies, the dependency of these fluctuations on stochastic parameters is systematically established. Empirical relationships are formulated to predict aggregated interharmonic values under varying scenarios, enhancing the accuracy and applicability of the model. The results demonstrate that higher interharmonic frequencies and fewer randomly connected devices significantly increase the probability of elevated aggregated peak values. These insights can serve as benchmarks for grid operators and policymakers in mitigating interharmonic related issues in modern power systems.

Unveiling the impacts of climate change on the resilience of renewable energy and power systems: Factors, technological advancements, policies, challenges, and solutions

Unveiling the impacts of climate change on the resilience of renewable energy and power systems: Factors, technological advancements, policies, challenges, and solutions

Projections of future heat-related emergency hospitalizations for asthma under climate and demographic change scenarios: a Japanese nationwide time-series analysis

There is growing concern about climate impacts on human health. However, empirical evidence is lacking regarding future projections of heat-related asthma hospitalizations. This study aimed to project excess emergency hospitalizations for heat-related asthma exacerbation in Japan. Using Japanese nationwide administrative data from 2011 to 2019, we conducted an ecological time-series quasi-Poisson regression analysis to estimate the heat-related relative risk of emergency hospitalization for asthma over a lag of 0-3 days during the warm season (June to September). Heat exposure was defined as the region-specific daily mean temperature exceeding the locally defined minimum morbidity temperature percentile (MMP). Heat-related excess hospitalizations for asthma were projected under future climate and demographic change scenarios based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). We identified 75,829 emergency hospitalizations for asthma. The heat-related relative risk of hospitalization was 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.33) at the 99th percentile temperature relative to the MMP, with the highest estimates for cases aged 0-14 years. Heat-related excess hospitalizations were projected to increase by 6.78 (95%CI: 5.84-7.67) times in 2091-2099 versus 2011-2019 along SSP5-8.5 when constant population structure was assumed. The increasing trend persisted even when the future population decline was considered (4.19 (95%CI: 3.53-4.85) times in 2091-2099 versus 2011-2019 under SSP5-8.5). Future heat-related impacts on asthma exacerbation are expected to increase in Japan toward the end of this century, even when the future demographic change is considered. Our projections will contribute to resilient health systems adapting to ongoing climate change.

Integrating Process Safety and Process Security Risk Management: Practitioner Insights for a Resilience-Oriented Framework

Integrating process safety and process security risk management is increasingly essential for enhancing resilience in the chemical process industry. This study addresses how practitioners perceive the integration of these two domains, identifying key benefits, barriers, and strategies for effective implementation. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining quantitative survey data from 47 industry professionals with qualitative insights from open-ended responses. The findings highlight significant advantages of integration, such as optimized resource use, reduced operational redundancies, and improved risk management. However, barriers such as knowledge gaps, resource constraints, and communication silos were identified. Respondents emphasized the importance of adopting a resilience-oriented approach involving proactive risk management, continuous improvement, and adaptability in both safety and security practices. Critical enablers for integration include strong leadership, alignment of societal values, cross-disciplinary training, and integrated risk assessment methodologies. Emerging technologies and regulatory alignment were also identified as critical factors in facilitating integration. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of integrated risk management by supporting resilience engineering and systems theory. It offers actionable strategies for overcoming barriers and leveraging enablers, laying the groundwork for developing a resilience-oriented framework for process safety and process security risk management.

A framework for resilient and sustainable health systems in the European Region.

A framework for resilient and sustainable health systems in the European Region.

Enhancing Offshore Wind Turbine Integrity Management: A Bibliometric Analysis of Structural Health Monitoring, Digital Twins, and Risk-Based Inspection

The grand challenge of sustainable development, increased demands for resilient critical infrastructure systems, and cost efficiency calls for thinking and acting “out of the box”. We must strive to search for, identify, and utilize new and emerging technologies and new combinations of existing technologies that have the potential to improve present best practices. In integrity management of, e.g., bridge, offshore, and marine structures, relatively new technologies have shown substantial potentials for improvements that not least concern structural health monitoring (SHM), digital twin (DT)-based structural and mechanical modeling, and risk-based inspection (RBI) and maintenance planning (RBI). The motivation for the present paper is to investigate and document to what extent such technologies in isolation or jointly might have the potential to improve best practices for integrity management of offshore wind turbine structures. In this pursuit, the present paper conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to explore the current landscape of advanced technologies within the offshore wind turbine industry suitable for integrity management. It examines the integration of these technologies into future best practices, taking into account normative factors like risk, resilience, and sustainability. Through this analysis, the study sheds light on current research trends and the degree to which normative considerations influence the application of RBI, SHM, and DT, either individually or in combination. This paper outlines the methodology used in the bibliometric study, including database selection and search term criteria. The results are presented through graphical representations and summarized key findings, offering valuable insights to inform and enhance industry practices. These key findings are condensed into a road map for future research and development, aimed at improving current best practices by defining a series of projects to be undertaken.

Building resilient urban drainage systems by integrated flood risk index for evidence-based planning.

Urban flooding poses a significant risk to cities worldwide, exacerbated by increasing urbanization and climate change. Effective flood risk management requires comprehensive assessments considering the complex interaction of social, economic, and environmental factors. This study developed an innovative Urban Flood Risk Index (FRI) to quantify and assess flood risk at the sub-catchment level, providing a tool for evidence-based planning and resilient infrastructure development. This study integrates Geographic Information System (GIS), Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework. The FRI incorporates seven pressure and state indicators and three response indicators weighted by expert judgment. The FRI was calculated by combining the weighted sub-indices, classifying flood risk into five levels. Results showed that 51% of the study area experienced high pressure, with 26% facing very-high pressure. The state index indicated that 55% of the area falls under a moderate state, while 21% exhibits a high state. Importantly, the response index highlighted the effectiveness of Low Impact Development (LID) practices, with 20% of the area showing high to very-high response levels. The integrated FRI demonstrated an overall moderate flood risk level for maximum sub-catchments, emphasizing the positive impact of LID practices in mitigating flood risk despite existing pressures and system limitations. This evidence-based assessment provides a valuable tool for sub-catchment level flood risk assessment. It empowers decision-makers to prioritize investments, target interventions, and develop adaptive strategies to enhance urban resilience in a changing climate.

Signaling molecule alleviates inhibitory impacts of surfactant on methane production during sludge and food waste co-digestion: Insights of electron bifurcation and quorum sensing.

Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and waste-activated sludge (WAS) is increasingly recognized as a viable solution for managing organic wastes. However, emerging contaminants (ECs), such as surfactant like sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), can severely inhibit methane production. This study explores the potential of C6-HSL, a quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule, to mitigate inhibitory effects of SDBS during FW and WAS co-digestion. Results demonstrated that SDBS reduced methane yields from 122.2 mL/g VSS in the control to 18.5 mL/g VSS, but supplementation with C6-HSL alleviated this inhibition, increasing yields to 115.4 mL/g VSS. C6-HSL not only restored suppressed methanogen populations but also promoted bacteria-archaea mutualisms, enhancing system resilience and stability. Additionally, C6-HSL enhanced key electron bifurcation pathways critical for overcoming thermodynamic barriers in methane metabolism, increasing the relative abundance of functional genes involved in four methane metabolism modules. Moreover, C6-HSL enhanced QS system (e.g., SecY and trpE), prompting microorganisms to activate adaptive mechanisms, such as DNA replication (e.g., rfcL and rfcS), efflux pumps (e.g., mdlA and mdlB), and bacterial chemotaxis (e.g., cheB and cheD), to counter SDBS toxicity. Correspondingly, TCA cycle (e.g., fumA and fumB) was also upregulated to ensure sufficient energy and electrons for methane production and microbial adaptation.

The resilience of critical information infrastructure topology in the cyberspace

Modern trends in the decentralization and branching of systems that process, store, and transmit information enhance system resilience. Increasingly, technological systems and operational technologies rely on electronic communications from third-party operators and cyberspace. However, these trends introduce new cybersecurity challenges and contradictions. This article presents risk-informed approaches to designing and modernizing the topology of critical information infrastructure (CII). Such approaches involve making decisions and implementing security measures based on a thorough assessment of organizational risks. By evaluating the likelihood and impact of threats, vulnerabilities, and potential consequences, resources are prioritized to achieve a balance between security, functionality, and cost-effectiveness. The recommendations focus on practices for assessing cybersecurity risks, particularly those arising from cyberattacks targeting external (cyberspace) connections of CII. They also emphasize enhancing the protection of critical information assets from such threats. Unlike general cybersecurity measures, these recommendations specifically address risks associated with CII’s cyberspace topology, providing additional or supplementary measures to existing procedures within the information security lifecycle.

COVID-19 policy response: Perspectives of key stakeholders in Mexico's health system and implications for resilience

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the perspectives of key stakeholders within Mexico's health system regarding the policy response to COVID-19 in 2020 to inform future policy formulation. MethodsThis qualitative study is based on a secondary data analysis (SDA) derived from a broader primary research on governance in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis adopted a grounded theory approach to examine 15 semi-structured interviews with prominent figures in the health system between June and November 2020. The interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed through the lens of the Health Policy Triangle which includes context, key actors, and the Mexican health policy process. Moreover, the analysis was enriched by incorporating the framework outlined in the World Health Organization's COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). ResultsThe findings indicate that key stakeholders perceived a centralized approach to policymaking with a strong emphasis on cross-sector communication, expert panels, equity-focused measures, accessibility to healthcare services (promoting portability), and improvements in the health information system. ConclusionKey stakeholders recognized the response to COVID-19 was complex, involving multiple dimensions and levels of action. The importance of preparedness and response in building health system resilience is emphasized. Recommendations include explicitly integrating resilience into national and local policy agendas, addressing systemic structural deficiencies, promoting equity in the pandemic response, improving risk governance, strengthening coordination mechanisms, ensuring supply chain resilience, improving personnel training, and enhancing local diagnostic capacity to better prepare for future public health emergencies.

Interdependency in transportation system resilience: Review and discussion

Interdependency in transportation system resilience: Review and discussion

Assessment of Urban Rail Transit System Resilience Based on a Cloud Matter-Element Model

Assessment of Urban Rail Transit System Resilience Based on a Cloud Matter-Element Model

Developing a comprehensive framework for evaluating public health emergency management program implementation: A scoping review.

Public health emergencies and disasters highlight gaps in health systems' emergency preparedness capabilities. Developing robust public health emergency management (PHEM) programs is crucial yet challenging. Existing assessment tools are limited in scope or lack standardized measurement. The aim of this study was to identify core domains of PHEM implementation status and key influencing factors. A scoping review. A literature review and focused desk review were conducted. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant studies that explored existing PHEM frameworks, core components, factors influencing implementation, and evaluation tools presented in empirical studies. Additionally, a systematic search of authoritative organizational websites was performed to identify relevant guidelines and frameworks. Subject matter experts consolidated the findings from these diverse data sources through a consultative desk review process. Out of 7232 studies identified, 50 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Four core domains of PHEM implementation status were identified: overall implementation level; individual factors (capacity building, resources, engagement, and attitudes); organizational factors (information sharing, community involvement, planning, responsibilities, resources, leadership, monitoring/evaluation, coordination, infrastructure, and policies); and overarching factors (workforce, funding, governance, and collaboration. Nineteen key influencing factors emerged, including elements such as leadership, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement. A conceptual framework was developed that incorporates these thematic domains from major health agencies and determinants identified through qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research. This review developed a preliminary evaluation framework for PHEM programs based on a comprehensive synthesis of global evidence. The framework lays the groundwork for further validation and application to advance standardized assessments of PHEM capabilities across diverse contexts, ultimately aiming to strengthen health system resilience against emergencies.

Pioneering the Security of EHRs Using an Immersive Blockchain Conceptual Framework

This study develops a conceptual framework to enhance the security and functionality of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in response to advancing healthcare needs. Objectives include strengthening data protection against both traditional and quantum cyber threats, increasing system resilience, and improving user experience and operational efficiency. Methods/Analysis involve a novel combination of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and quantum cryptographic algorithms CRYSTALS-Dilithium and CRYSTALS-Kyber within a hybrid blockchain architecture to secure EHRs. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) are incorporated to decentralize control and reinforce security, while artificial intelligence and metaverse integration facilitate user engagement and streamline operations. Findings indicate that this hybrid blockchain model, enhanced with quantum-resistant cryptography and decentralized governance, significantly improves EHR security. AI and the metaverse contribute to user interaction and operational flow. Novelty/Improvement lies in integrating hybrid blockchain, quantum cryptography, AI, and the metaverse into a unified framework, effectively addressing current and future healthcare data management challenges. This multi-layered approach represents a significant advancement over existing systems by bolstering EHR security, user engagement, and operational capabilities. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-010 Full Text: PDF

Analisis Keanekaragaman Hayati: Peluang Agroforestri dalam Mengatasi Perubahan Iklim di Dulamayo, Gorontalo, Indonesia

The challenges posed by climate change and the decline of biodiversity to the sustainability of global agricultural systems are serious.Agroforestry has emerged as a strategy with the potential to enhance the resilience of agricultural systems while conserving biodiversity amidst the threats of climate change.This study aims to evaluate the potential of agroforestry to enhance biodiversity and the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change in Dulamayo, Gorontalo. The research methodology is based on vegetation analysis and the calculation of biodiversity indices, with data collection encompassing measurements of tree characteristics and species identification.The results indicate the presence of 17 tree species with a total of 154 individuals, where Candlenut (Aleurites molucana) and Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) dominate with proportions of 22.73% and 20.13%, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index yielded a moderate value (H' = 2.311) with a high evenness level (E = 0.816), indicating a high ecosystem stability.The findings suggest that the agroforestry system in Dulamayo plays a crucial role in supporting biodiversity and the resilience of ecosystems to climate change through its complex and diverse vegetation structure.

Integrated Crop Production Management

Abstract: Integrated Crop Production and Management is an innovative and sustainable approach that combines a variety of farming practices to optimize crop yield, soil health, and environmental sustainability. The approach integrates strategies such as crop rotation, organic fertilization, pest and weed management, water conservation, and soil fertility enhancement into a comprehensive farming system. ICPM would minimize dependency on chemical inputs, promote soil structure, and enhance biodiversity while improving crop tolerance to climatic variability and pests. This paper explores the principles and methodologies behind ICPM, bringing to light how it can promote agricultural productivity and ecological balance at the same time. The paper highlights the potential of IPM, conservation tillage, and agroforestry in promoting farm resilience while reducing environmental degradation. Case studies and field experiments demonstrate the effects of ICPM on crop yield, soil health, and profitability of the farm. The adoption of modern and traditional practices in ICPM not only addresses the immediate needs of crop production but also contributes to long-term sustainability. This research will demonstrate how ICPM can be a viable solution to current challenges in agriculture, such as climate change, food security, and resource depletion, and offer farmers a pathway to more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems.

How to build Resilient Community Energy Systems? Lessons from Malawi and Ethiopia

How to build Resilient Community Energy Systems? Lessons from Malawi and Ethiopia