Performance Evaluation Of System Research Articles

OPTIMALISASI DISIPLIN KERJA PEGAWAI DI UPT SDN PURWOREJO 1 KOTA PASURUAN

Evaluation is an effort to identify and evaluate aspects of work performance that influence the success of an organization or agency. The performance evaluation system or process plays a very important role in optimalizing and managing human resources in an agency because if it is not communicated well it will affect the success of the agency and also the ability of employees to plan their careers. The aim of this research is to assess the current employee work discipline at UPT SDN Purworejo 1 Pasuruan City and to find out what percentage of employee work discipline is according to employee attendance records monitored at UPT. SDN Purworejo 1, Pasuruan City. In this research, the data analysis used to analyze the data is a descriptive method. This method systematically, factually and precisely describes or describes the relationship between the facts and phenomena studied without statistical calculations. The research sample used was all employees at the UPT SDN Purworejo 1 school, Pasuruan City. Data collection techniques were carried out through guidance and literature review.

Data-Driven Construction of Operation Evaluation System for Large Medical Equipment in Children's Hospital

Through data collection and analysis, the method of evaluating the operation quality of large medical equipment in children's hospital is explored and suggestions on the use and configuration of large medical equipment is put forward. Collect the equipment operation data through the Internet of Things, and combine the hospital HIS, RIS, HRP and other information system data to establish the operation evaluation system of large medical equipment of children's hospital. CRITIC method is used to quantitatively evaluate single type of equipment and single equipment. Hospital big data platform realizes the longitudinal analysis of the operation data of a single large equipment and forms a visual chart, which is displayed on the PC and mobile terminals. Municipal platform can conduct horizontal analysis on the equipment operation data to realize the comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the operation level of large equipment of children's hospital and put forward suggestions for use and configuration. A large equipment operation evaluation system for children's hospital is established through data collection and analysis, and the fine management level of large medical equipment is improved.

Corridor-Level Auto Occupancy in Mobility Monitoring Efforts: A Crash-Based Approach

Vehicle occupancy (the number of persons per vehicle) is fundamental to evaluations of transportation system performance focused on the movement of people rather than solely vehicles. Historically, obtaining detailed estimates of occupancy has required manual (expensive) field data collection. This paper reports on a crash-based approach for estimating occupancy. Because some characteristics, such as the presence of multiple passengers aged 16 to 21, may affect the likelihood of crash involvement, the study examined ways to control possible crash bias using two methods. The first—heuristic bias correction, which entails synthesizing missing samples—is useful for smaller jurisdictions where there is no ground truth value readily available but an area-wide occupancy measure is needed. The second—statistical bias correction, which uses manual observations for calibration followed by the creation of a model—is suitable for obtaining occupancy at the corridor level. The approach is demonstrated with 12 years of fall and spring crash data for the Hampton Roads region of southeastern Virginia, U.S., representing 1.7 million people and 50,000 crashes. Testing showed estimated occupancies were within roughly 0.05 of true occupancy when corridor-specific calibration was performed. Further, the larger number of samples used for an area-wide occupancy means that heuristic bias correction is not always necessary: for cities with more than 200 samples, the difference between uncorrected and corrected occupancies was 0.02. For states that report the number of occupants for crashes with and without injury, this approach holds promise for estimating vehicle occupancy for both corridors and regions.

A Performance Evaluation Method for Employees in Small and Medium-Sized IT Enterprises Based on Multiple Indicators

In recent years, research on performance evaluation of IT enterprises has become a hot topic worthy of attention. In some countries, IT enterprises have become essential in driving economic development. However, there are significant differences in personnel management, performance evaluation, and other aspects among listed IT enterprises, large IT enterprises, and small and medium-sized IT enterprises, making it difficult to standardize performance evaluation for different types of enterprises. Especially for small and medium-sized IT enterprises, there are still specific problems in performance evaluation due to the unique characteristics of the enterprise. The primary manifestation is that standardized evaluation indicators cannot be fully applicable to small and medium-sized IT enterprises, making it challenging to conduct dynamic evaluations based on the characteristics of the enterprise. This article is based on the research and analysis data of performance evaluation management for small and medium-sized IT enterprises in a particular region of China. It proposes a multi-indicator-oriented performance evaluation system for small and medium-sized IT enterprises and offers corresponding guarantee measures.

A novel 260 Gb/s 2D-OCDMA-FSO multiplexing system's performance evaluation for upcoming generations of high-speed wireless optical networks

A novel 260 Gb/s 2D-OCDMA-FSO multiplexing system's performance evaluation for upcoming generations of high-speed wireless optical networks

Application of The Rapid Application Development Method to Develop a Decision Support System for Employee Performance Assessment in a State-Owned Electricity Company

This study aims to create a decision support system for employee performance evaluation that will help managers choose qualified applicants for advancement. In this study, observation, interviews, and literature review were employed as data collection techniques. RAD is the system development methodology that the author used in this study. Black box testing is used for testing. The following conclusions were drawn from the research's findings: first, it created a helpful decision support system that helped managers judge employee promotions by giving them more objectivity. This system helps managers make more accurate and equitable promotion decisions by offering rewards for evaluating employee performance. Second, this research contributes to the field by developing a decision support system visually representing employee performance metrics using graphs. Using the MFEP and MPE methods in the system provides a clear and easy-to-understand picture of employee performance. With graphs, managers can quickly and efficiently evaluate employee performance data, facilitating decision-making.

Design and performance evaluation of thermal energy storage system with hybrid heat sources integrated within a coal-fired power plant

The operational flexibility of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) should be effectively enhanced to accommodate large-scale photovoltaic and wind power within the power grid. The integration of thermal energy storage (TES) systems is a potential way to enlarge the load-cycling range of CFPPs. To achieve high operational flexibility of CFPPs and high round-trip efficiency of TES systems, TES systems with hybrid heat sources including the heat converted from power by power-to-heat (P2H) devices and transferred from the reheat steam integrated into CFPP were proposed. Then, simulation and thermo-economic analysis models were developed, and the system design procedure was provided. Results show the minimum power load ratio is decreased from 30 % to about 16 % by storing heat from the reheat steam within the TES system, and then to zero by converting electricity to heat with P2H devices. The mode P-basic constitutes two double-tank molten salt TES systems, which are charged by the heat converted from power by P2H devices and the heat transferred from the reheat steam, respectively. It is discharged by releasing the heat to water/steam cycle of CFPP, and the highest equivalent round-trip efficiency of mode P-basic is up to 62.97 %. Moreover, mode P-basic exhibits the largest total cost of the equipment and storage materials at $58.26 million while it has the largest net present value at $103.79 million and the corresponding payback period is 5 years.

Financial Performance Evaluation of Leading Fisheries Enterprises Based on Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS Method

Fishery is a strategic and fundamental core industry in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has attached great importance to the fishery industry and has issued a series of policies to promote its revitalization and vigorous development. In the favorable policy environment, it is crucial for leading fisheries enterprises to pay attention to financial performance evaluation and strive to improve their own operational efficiency. In this study, we selected seven leading fisheries enterprises as research subjects and used the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method to construct a financial performance evaluation system from four dimensions: debt-paying ability, operational capability, profitability, and development potential. We then conducted performance evaluations on the seven sample companies. The research findings indicate that enterprises should focus on their development capabilities to improve their potential for sustained development, enhance the operational efficiency of fisheries enterprises, and promote their continuous and healthy growth.

Evaluation of Health Systems Performance of OECD Countries Using MOORA Method

International comparison of health systems performance provides evidence to countries, policymakers and decision-makers. This study was conducted in order to rank and compare the health systems performance levels of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) countries according to the determined health performance indicators. In the study, the data of the countries between the years of 2000–2017 were used and evaluated. The study consists of 36 member countries of the OECD. The data was analysed with the MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, allowing the comparison of the performance of health systems across countries is compared. As a result of the health system performance evaluations of OECD countries. As a result of the health system performance evaluations of OECD countries, it has been concluded that countries such as Switzerland, Germany and Sweden have a high level of health systems performance, and Mexico, Colombia and Turkey have a lower performance compared to other countries. It is expected that countries with lower health system performance levels due to health system structures, demographic characteristics, education levels and technological development levels can still develop by selecting alternative countries suitable for their purpose and adopting the policies and strategies of such countries to their own systems.

Performance Evaluation of Tunnel Support System in Jointed Rock Mass by Numerical Simulation: A Case Study

In this study, a numerical verification of the performance of preliminary tunnel support systems suggested by rock mass classification methods is performed. The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method and the Quality Index (Q Barton) show a succession of a moderately jointed and jointed quality of Kherrata Tunnel 3. The numerical assessment combining the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models; involves the jointed area of the tunnel, in which the Voronoi model represents the joints distribution. During numerical simulations, particular attention focused on the evolution of the total displacement and the extension of the plastic zone. In addition, a parametric study was carried out to study the effect of the length and spacing of rock bolts on tunnel deformation. Results showed that the combined FEM and DFN models represent a solution for the stability analysis of underground excavations. The Voronoi model is suitable for representing the global distribution of joints in the rock mass. The parametric study carried out revealed pertinent conclusions. Thus, increasing the length of bolts (4 m to 6 m) decreases the total displacement of the tunnel; and reduces the extension of the plastic zone. However, the spacing between rock bolts does not improve the stability. The empirical method remains a reliable tool for the recommendations of preliminary support systems.

Flow characteristics of dispersed two-phase flows in an 8 × 8 rod bundle

Two-phase flows in rod bundles or tube bundles appear in heat transfer systems. The bundle-average (or one-dimensional) void fraction is a critical parameter in overall system design, performance evaluation, and safety assessment. Accurate bundle-average void fraction prediction requires a precise interfacial momentum transfer term formulated using the distribution parameter and drift velocity, two essential drift-flux parameters in the drift-flux model. The currently utilized modeling approach is based on the distribution parameter and drift velocity determined together through drift-flux plots. This results in possible compensation errors between the distribution parameter and drift velocity in the model validation process. The independent validation of the constitutive equations for the distribution parameter and drift velocity has been challenging due to experimental difficulty in measuring detailed two-phase flow structures in rod bundles. The present study proposes an approximation methodology to obtain subchannel average two-phase flow parameters using local two-phase flow data measured at two local points: the subchannel center and minimum gap center in a rod bundle. The distributions of subchannel average two-phase flow parameters are invaluable in benchmarking subchannel analysis codes. Comprehensive subchannel average void fraction and gas velocity mappings are given to discuss the effects of gas and liquid velocities, pressure, spacer grid, and developing length on the two-phase flow characteristics in the rod bundle. The bundle-average distribution parameter values calculated by subchannel average two-phase flow parameters are used for independent validation of the constitutive equations of the distribution parameter. The bundle-average drift velocity values back-calculated using the distribution parameter values are also used for independent validation of the constitutive equation of the drift velocity.

A novel machinery RUL prediction method based on exponential model and cross-domain health indicator considering first-to-end prediction time

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is of great significance in the mechanical transmission system as it provides a basis for the predictive maintenance of bearings and gears. Recently, intelligent data-driven methods of tag-based end-to-end and based-health indicator multi-step iterative for RUL prediction have been developed. However, they still mostly suffer from some limitations: 1) The reasonable failure threshold of mechanical system is rarely considered. 2) First-to-end prediction time (FEPT) is ignored during the construction of degradation trend. To address the above drawbacks, a novel machinery RUL prediction method based on Exponential model and cross-domain health indicator (CDHI) considering FEPT is proposed. The grey target decision (GTD) is first applied to the performance evaluation of mechanical system and a weighted GTD is proposed to construct sensitive health indicators and sensitive failure indicators for determining FPT and EPT respectively. Then, to generate the CDHI considering FEPT under different working conditions, a transfer quadratic function-based ConvLSTM framework is proposed based on the degradation trend of quadratic function and maximum mean discrepancy. Finally, the Exponential model is used to perform RUL regression prediction based on the generated CDHIs. The proposed RUL prediction method has been demonstrated by five datasets and compared with several state-of-the-art approaches. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method outperforms other approaches in terms of superiority, robustness and generalization.

Performance evaluation of a UOWC system based on the FRS/OCDMA code for different types of Jerlov waters.

In this work, the fixed right shift (FRS) code is utilized for the optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique in an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system. Additionally, in this system, a 532nm laser diode (LD) source is employed to generate optical signals. The investigation encompasses an analysis of five distinct Jerlov water types, each exhibiting diverse chlorophyll concentrations. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated when each channel that is assigned a unique FRS code sequence carries different data rates (2.5, 5, and 10Gbps). Underwater (UW) ranges, bit error rate (BER), eye diagrams, and quality factor (Q-factor) are the performance metrics used to evaluate the system performance. The proposed UOWC-FRS/OCDMA system is simulated, and the obtained results show that the eye diagram openings close, the BER increases, and the Q-factor decreases as the data rate per each channel increases from 2.5 to 10Gbps, and the attenuation of water becomes higher. Moreover, the lower attenuation values caused by the Jerlov type I (JI) waterbody allow each channel to carry 10Gbps of data to propagate longer UW for a range of 35m with a log(BER) ≤-6.33 and Q-factor greater than 4.9. On the other hand, at the same values of BER and Q-factor, the shortest ranges of 12 and 5.15m are obtained for JII and JIII waters, respectively, where their attenuation coefficient values are 0.5297 (JII) and 1.8998 m -1 (JIII). Furthermore, as our model uses three channels, the overall achieved capacity is 3×10G b p s=30G b p s.

Development of a dual-functional inhibitor for natural gas hydrates and construction of drilling fluid system

Throughout the 21st century, natural gas hydrates have emerged as a pivotal and promising clean energy resource with immense potential for commercial development. However, during shallow-water gas hydrate drilling in deep-sea areas, heat and mass transfer between the drilling fluid and the natural gas hydrate reservoir result in hydrate dissociation. As a result, the reservoir strength is weakened, wellbore instability occurs, and there is a high risk of well collapse. Additionally, the formation of secondary hydrates can cause blockages in drilling tools or pipelines, compromising drilling safety. In this study, acrylamide and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride were used as raw materials to successfully develop a dual-effect hydrate inhibitor named ADP. The results showed that a 1% ADP concentration increased the inhibition efficiency of hydrate dissociation by approximately 21.13%. Furthermore, core immersion and linear expansion experiments using a 1% ADP solution showed that after 24 h, the core maintained its structural integrity without experiencing collapse, and the linear expansion rate decreased to 1.5%. Building upon the HEM system, this research employed the developed dual-effect hydrate inhibitor as the core component and further optimized density, rheology, filtration loss, hydration expansion inhibition, and hydrate inhibition properties to construct a high-performance water-based drilling fluid system for strong hydrate inhibition. Performance evaluation of the HTX system demonstrated excellent rheological filtration, lubrication, plugging, hydration expansion inhibition, and hydrate inhibition properties. Additionally, predictive models for drilling fluid rheological parameters under different temperature conditions were established. The research outcomes presented in this paper hold significant practical value in addressing the wellbore stability issues encountered during the drilling process of gas hydrate reservoirs in deep-sea areas.

Thermodynamic and exergo-economic analyses and multi-objective optimization of an innovative and efficient geothermal-assisted power and hydrogen cogeneration system

This paper presents an efficient integration of a flash-binary geothermal system with a double-pressure Kalina cycle and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer unit. The main objective is to generate power and hydrogen simultaneously. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis is conducted, encompassing mass, energy, and exergy assessments, along with an exergo-economic approach, to thoroughly evaluate system performance. The operation of the system is examined under varying conditions, and trends in the assessment indexes are predicted accordingly. The designed system achieves notable results, producing 1018 kW of net power and 0.1119 kg/h of hydrogen. The thermal and exergetic efficiencies are found to be 14.34 % and 45.59 %, respectively, based on the thermodynamic approach. From an economic perspective, the payback period is estimated to be 2.51 years, while the sum unit cost of products is calculated at 8.94 $/GJ. Furthermore, a detailed exergy analysis highlights that the Kalina cycle's condenser contributes the most to exergy destruction, accounting for approximately 129.6 kW. Through a parametric study, it is revealed that the pressure of the production well significantly influences the performance indicators, and the price of electricity sold has a substantial impact on the system's payback period and net present value. Moreover, the application of a multi-objective optimization strategy leads to the identification of the system's optimal state through an exergo-economic assessment. This optimization yields an exergy efficiency of around 49.75 % and a sum unit cost of products of 8.56 $/GJ.

A performance evaluation system for product eco-design in the fashion supply chain

With the increasing environmental awareness of citizens, sustainable fashion has become a hot topic in industry, academia, and society. The importance of product eco-design (ED) in ensuring the sustainability of organizations and supply chains cannot be overstated. This paper aims to establish an eco-design performance evaluation system and identify the most effective management mechanism. To achieve this goal, a linked two-stage network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model is developed. This model has a well-defined internal structure and potential causal relationships between variables; and the two stages are Internal and Supplier Management (ISM) and Openness and Collaboration (OC). We analyze stage and overall efficiencies using proactive, reactive, and simultaneous approaches. Additionally, we explore the convergence characteristics of the industry's ED efficiency from 2015 to 2018. The results show that the overall ED efficiency of fashion enterprises is significant when considering the interrelatedness of subsystems. However, there is disharmony between the two stages. As the proactive approach, ISM is the optimal strategy to maximize ED efficiency. On the other hand, OC is critical to eco-design performance. This paper contributes to the existing literature by developing an innovative DEA analytical framework for evaluating eco-design performance. It also identifies the most eco-efficient way to achieve better environmental performances, which allows decision-makers to better allocate their design efforts and improve both short- and long-term corporate sustainability.

Research on performance test and evaluation of thermal management system of power battery module under harsh conditions

Under harsh conditions, the battery module (BM) used for Ev’s power system has issues of local overheating, continuous high temperature, and spontaneous combustion causing thermal accidents. This problem is directly related to the safety of life and property of drivers and passengers. What’s more, it also seriously restricts the high-quality development and promotion of Evs. To solve the limitations and drawbacks of the BM. this paper designs the thermal management structure with TiO2 nanofluids closed loop pulsating heat pipe (TiO2-CLPHP) as the key component and constructs the thermal management system with TiO2-CLPHP (TiO2-CLPHP TMS). On the basis, the temperature optimal thermal management strategy (TOS) and energy consumption optimal thermal management strategy (ECOS) is proposed. To investigate the performance response of TiO2-CLPHP TMS, the performance test of TiO2-CLPHP TMS is carried out. The results show that in terms of thermal management performance, the TiO2-CLPHP TMS with TOS and ECOS (TOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS, ECOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS) can effectively suppress the highest temperature, temperature rise and improve temperature uniformity of the PM. Of these, the minimum improvement rates of TOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS can reach 29.41%, 78.37%, 65.88%, 58.82%, and 64.95%. The minimum improvement rates of ECOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS can reach 27.24%, 72.65%, 64.71%, 55.88%, and 68.04%, respectively. In terms of the thermal management economy, compared with TOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS, ECOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS has lower energy consumption. The efficiency values of the ECOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS are not less than 87.72%. It can be concluded that the proposed TiO2-CLPHP TMS has excellent thermal management performance. The ECOS-TiO2-CLPHP TMS can maximize the dual requirements of the thermal management performance and thermal management economy. This study innovatively proposed a thermal management method for nanofluids PHP used in BM. Compared with previous studies, the proposed TiO2-CLPHP TMS reduced the temperature difference from the traditional 5.00 °C to less than 3.40 °C, greatly improving the temperature uniformity of the BM. The completion of this research provides a new idea of battery thermal management based on metal oxide nanofluids PHP, and the constructed performance evaluation method provides a referral scheme for the performance test and evaluation of thermal management technology.

Modeling and thermal economy analysis of the coupled system of compressed steam energy storage and Rankine cycle in thermal power plant

To facilitate the integration of greater amounts of renewable energy into the power grid, it is crucial to enhance the peak shaving capabilities of conventional thermal power units. This paper proposes a novel system that combines compressed steam energy storage with the Rankine cycle of a thermal power plant (referred to as the coupling system), and focuses on modeling a 200 MW thermal power unit. The performance evaluation and parameter selection of the coupling system are conducted through comprehensive energy analysis, exergy analysis, and economic analysis. The results indicate that the energy storage cycle in the coupled system can prevent boilers and turbines in the Rankine cycle from operating at extremely low loads during deep peak shaving. Specifically, when the boiler and steam turbine operate at 66.45 % of their design load, the external power of the coupling system can be reduced to 30 % of the rated power. This results in a reduction of coal consumption by 63.42 g/W * h compared to direct peak shaving of the original thermal power unit, and an improvement in exergy efficiency by 2.99 %. In this study, a 1300 m3 energy storage circulating water storage tank capacity is used as an example, and it is found that the 200 MW unit can achieve continuous deep peak regulation operation for 8.58 h. The study also reveals that a 1 % increase in the isentropic efficiency of energy storage cycle compressors can lead to a reduction in coal consumption by 2.4 g/kW*h. Moreover, economic analysis suggests that maintaining a compressor efficiency of 86 %, utilizing 7 compression stages, and prioritizing the effectiveness of the heat exchanger are optimal for maximizing the system's revenue. These factors collectively result in a shorter payback period for the coupling system and an overall increase in total income.

A computational sustainable approach for energy storage systems performance evaluation based on spherical-fuzzy MCDM with considering uncertainty

Incorporating energy storage systems (ESSs) can mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy sources. There are a variety of ESSs for renewable energy with vastly different characteristics. The problem of diversity of characteristics in selecting the most appropriate ESS can be approached as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This research evaluates sustainable ESSs through a case study in Egypt. A sustainable computational approach is presented through which experts can use verbal expressions to express their opinions in determining the priorities of the dimensions that affect the selection of ESSs. Determining the appropriate energy storage system requires consideration of several main dimensions such as the technology dimension, environmental dimension, economic dimension, and social-political dimension and, in addition to the sub-indicators. Hence, this research applies a hybrid MCDM approach that deals with different indicators and characteristics. Also, uncertainty in applying the proposed approach was dealt with by a spherical fuzzy (SF) environment and by using the spherical fuzzy numbers (SFNs). At first, the SF analytical hierarchy process (SF-AHP) method was used to assess the priorities of the four main dimensions and their sub-indicators. Then, the SF mixed aggregation by comprehensive normalization technique (SF-MACONT) was applied to evaluate and rank the ESSs selected for analysis through research. An illustrative case study was presented that included seven ESSs out of the eighteen systems listed in the research to confirm the feasibility of the developed approach. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by changing some parameters like λ, μ, δ, and ϑ based on the SF-MACONT method and changing the weights of some main dimensions. A comparative analysis with some MCDM approaches was conducted to show the advantages of the developed approach through its flexibility and built-in parameters. The findings show that the technology dimension is the most influential in choosing a sustainable ESS, while the economic dimension is the least influential. Also, the results of the evaluation and ranking of the seven selected ESSs indicate that the "Pumped Hydro" system is the most suitable system for energy storage in Egypt.

Assessment of annual performance of quonset GiPVT system combined with an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) for hot and dry climatic conditions

Annual performance of a Quonset-shaped GiPVT system combined with an earth air heat exchanger (EAHE) has been evaluated for hot and dry climatic conditions. A periodic thermal model for the GiPVT system has been developed in terms of input climatic and design parameters by employing the energy balance equations of the greenhouse system. The present model is used to calculate the effective cooling and heating capacity of the EAHE, which is further utilized to determine the optimum operating hours of EAHE for different months of the year. Furthermore, the electrical energy of the GiPVT system and the thermal energy of EAHE are calculated, enabling a comprehensive performance evaluation of the greenhouse system. Results show that the EAHE increases the greenhouse air temperature by 8 °C on the coldest day and decreases the greenhouse air temperature by 21 °C on the hottest day of the year. EAHE has a lower potential for heating than cooling because of the hot and dry climatic conditions. Moreover, the system generates 17.6 kWh and 29.22 kWh of electrical energy on an extremely cold and hot day, respectively making the system self-sustainable. The EAHE significantly reduced TLL and DF values, which gives thermal comfort to the greenhouse.