Colony System Research Articles

Indigenous Foodways as Persistence in the Alta California Mission System

AbstractThis article investigates Indigenous persistence within Mission Santa Clara de Asís in central California through the analysis of animal food remains. The Spanish colonial mission system within Alta California had a profound social and ecological impact on Indigenous peoples, altering traditional subsistence strategies and foodway patterns. Past research has highlighted the continued use of precolonial foods within the Alta California mission system alongside the daily consumption of colonial-style beef stews. This article expands on that literature to consider how Indigenous and colonial residents differentially acquired ingredients and prepared daily meals within the Alta California colonial mission system. This assessment demonstrates a sharp divergence between Indigenous and colonists’ daily diet, manifested in the continued use of wild food resources by Indigenous people as well as the maintenance of precolonial culinary practices in the preparation of cattle meat for daily stews. These findings complicate our understanding of foodways within the Spanish mission system and expand our understanding of Indigenous autonomy within conditions of colonialism.

Repair and the 2014 Mount Polley Mine disaster: Antirelationality, constraint, and legacies of socio-ecological disruption in settler colonial British Columbia

In this article I situate the 2014 Mount Polley Mine disaster within centuries-long relations of colonial-modernity in the region currently known as British Columbia, Canada. Guided by the work of Gilmore and Moten, I argue that repairing colonial systems of mass disruption and death requires attending to the logics that enable and normalize these systems of violence. To support this argument, I turn to British Columbia’s early settler colonial history—a violent and destructive history forged through mining—and outline large-scale socio-ecological violence that occurred throughout this period. By turning to this history, I show how these disruptions are connected to the Mount Polley Mine disaster through ongoing and pervasive logics that enable, and often even celebrate, these processes of violence and disruption.

1919년 3.1운동 전후 식민지 정세 변화와 '적극주의' 식민지 경영의 모색

This study aims to shed new light on the colonial system in the 1920s by examining the process of colonial governance ‘reform’ after 1919. The colonial governance ‘reform’ attempted after the March 1 Movement is described as gradualism and extensionism, a process in which Takashi Hara's political ideals are realised. However, there were ‘reform’ initiatives before the March 1 Movement, not only by Hara but also by the Bungei and the Army, which were thwarted by the March 1 Movement. In response, Hara suspended his ideals and turned to utilising the inertia of existing colonial rule. The Yamagata clan, which Hara hoped to capitalise on, recognised the need for ‘reform’ but were lukewarm about going to Korea, while the Terauchi clan opposed reform itself. As a result, the ‘reform’ repeatedly delayed and delayed. So exposing a policy vacuum in Hara’s ‘ideal’ colonial ruler. It was the Taiwanese precedent and the ‘activist’ colonial management of Goto Shinpei that filled this void. This method of colonial governance through aggressive financial injections and inspections was embraced by Takashi Hara and Rentaro Mizuno. The colonial ‘reform’ attempted after the 3.1 Movement was a Korean version of Goto Shinpei’s activist colonial management, which Hara and Mizuno embraced and sought to apply the Taiwanese precedent to Korea.

ЭТНОКОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ РЕФОРМЫ МОНТЭГЮ-ЧЕЛМСФОРДА В БРИТАНСКОЙ ИНДИИ.

The article examines the main aspects of administrative and political transformations in British India at the turn of the 1910s - 1920s in the context of the processes of development of the national liberation movement, as well as ethno-political consolidation in certain Indian regions. The interwar period was marked by a significant transformation of the British colonial system, which affected, among other things, the management mechanisms of Indian possessions. Implemented on the basis of the law adopted in December 1919 . By a special legislative act of the British Parliament, the administrative and political reform, which went down in history as the Montague-Chelmsford reforms, was an attempt to modernize the management system in a key colony. At the same time, this reform, as well as the subsequent transformations carried out by the colonial administration, contributed to the formation of elements of the political culture of Indian society, and also, to a certain extent, laid the foundations of the future federal system of independent India.

The shadow side of occupational therapy: Necropower, state racism and colonialism

Background In the Global North, advances in occupational therapy benefitted unduly from the oppression, disablement and suffering of thousands of people in the South (and beyond). To prevent the recurrence of these injustices, history must be unveiled and occupational therapists urged to come to terms with their own involvement and responsibility. Objective and Method Utilising Achille Mbembe’s concept of necropolitics, this academic essay blends select historical and philosophical perspectives to explore occupational therapy’s concealed role in manifestations of institutionalised violence. Results By examining its roles in World War II and France’s colonisation of Algeria, we make visible the development of occupational therapy’s distinct ‘shadow side’. In Nazi Germany’s Euthanasia Programme, it became a tool for identifying which lives were deemed ‘worthy of living’ and which were not, which indirectly contributed to the killing of 200,000 disabled persons. Under France’s colonial medical system, occupational therapy imposed Western standards that alienated and completely depersonalised Algerian patients. Conclusion and Significance Entrenched in a (bio)economy that has endured beyond these events, occupational therapists must exercise vigilance, remaining mindful of the potential to unintentionally overlook individuals labelled as ‘unproductive’. This requires confronting the profession’s assumptions of inherent ‘goodness’ and acknowledging and addressing its shadow side.

Confronting Colonialism in Canadian Dietetics Curricula.

Many Canadian universities have committed to becoming more accountable to Indigenous Peoples by confronting the systemic, historical, and ongoing colonialism and anti-Indigenous racism that shape their campuses. In this Perspective in Practice piece, we invite the field of dietetics to consider how colonialism has shaped dietetics research, teaching, and practice. We also consider how we might transform the field of dietetics in ways that accept settler responsibility for interrupting racism and colonial harm; support the resurgence of Indigenous food and health practices; and recognise the connections between struggles to ensure that Indigenous Peoples can access culturally appropriate food and health care, and struggles for Indigenous sovereignty and self-determination. We do this by reviewing the history of the dietetics field, examining critical responses to existing Indigenisation and decolonisation efforts, and reflecting on recent changes to required dietetics competencies. We argue that curricula in dietetics programmes must teach the history of the colonial food system and equip students to identify and interrupt the individual and institutional colonial dynamics that contribute to the ongoing dispossession of Indigenous Peoples' lands and food sources and negatively impact Indigenous patients.

Decolonizing internal and external borders: Reflections on therapeutic engagements with asylum seekers

The cycles of disenfranchisement experienced by asylum seekers ordered by the United States of America to remain in the United Mexican States have been well documented by scholars and activists. Along the US/Mexico border zone, supports for asylum seekers are essentially non-existent, leaving them to seek shelter, sustenance, and safety completely on their own once they are returned to Mexican border cities to wait an indeterminate amount of time for their immigration court hearings. This article explores the reflections of expressive art therapies graduate students enrolled in a course which took place in El Paso, Texas USA, and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, in partnership with various shelters, community leaders/activists, artists, directors of nonprofits, and government officials. Through experiential engagement, the course, called The In-Between Space, interrogated the dynamics and intersectionality of poverty, race, class, and trauma through a historical lens and dissected the systems of colonialism by analyzing and critiquing oppressive practices within students’ personal spheres, educational context, and therapeutic profession.

SimU-TACS: Ant Colony System for a planning problem in health simulation training

In this paper we propose an Ant System (AS) SimU-AS and an Ant Colony System (ACS) SimU-TACS, both used to solve a planning problem in the Health Simulation Center SimUSanté. This center proposes up to 500 different training sessions based on simulation learning for healthcare staff. The data, constraints and objective of the SimUSanté problem, which is close to the academic Curriculum-Based Courses Timetabling (CB-CTT) Problem, are detailed. To guide ants towards promising areas of the search space, SimU-AS and SimU-TACS rely on several heuristics that aim to reduce the makespan of each session. Moreover, SimU-TACS combines features like the ϵ-greedy strategy, the tabu memory system and restarts to improve the search. SimU-AS and SimU-TACS were compared to SimU-VNS, a Variable Neighborhood Search, to SimU-MMAS, a hybridized Max-Min Ant System, and to optimal solutions when achievable. They were also compared to the open source KHE solver by relaxing the precedence constraints. Experiments show that SimU-TACS outperforms all other methods, even for the largest instances, without violating any hard constraints. Moreover it provides optimality for 31/48 instances.

Dynamic Route Optimization for Chinese E-Commerce Logistics Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

Abstract The limited nature of logistics and distribution vehicles and the variability of customer acceptance service time limit the service efficiency and quality of logistics and distribution. To optimize a logistics distribution path under capacity and time window constraints, a mathematical model of the problem is first developed in this study, with the lowest cost as the model’s objective function. The logistics distribution issue with soft time windows is then addressed using an ant colony algorithm, and a logistics path optimization strategy based on the maximum minimal ant colony system is suggested. Then, the heuristic function is rebuilt to improve the ant colony algorithm’s solution speed, and the pheromone update approach is included. Finally, experimental approaches are used to test the model’s and optimization algorithm’s efficacy for customer sizes of 30, 50, and 100. The experimental results show that the optimized ant colony algorithm has the best value of 2 for α and 3 for β, which can converge earlier. The improved ant colony algorithm also finds the best solution faster than the conventional ant colony method in just 23 rounds. In the mathematical model of the logistics distribution path optimization issue, this study suggests that the optimized ant colony method has the optimization algorithm’s rationality, efficacy, and stability.

Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evidence of a colonial nervous system in hydroids.

As the sister group to all Bilateria, representatives of the phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, jellyfishes, and hydroids) possess a recognizable and well-developed nervous system and have attracted considerable attention over the years from neurobiologists and evo-devo researchers. Despite a long history of nervous system investigation in Cnidaria, most studies have been performed on unitary organisms. However, the majority of cnidarians are colonial (modular) organisms with unique and specific features of development and function. Nevertheless, data on the nervous system in colonial cnidarians are scarce. Within hydrozoans (Hydrozoa and Cnidaria), a structurally "simple" nervous system has been described for Hydra and zooids of several colonial species. A more complex organization of the nervous system, closely related to the animals' motile mode of life, has been shown for the medusa stage and a few siphonophores. Direct evidence of a colonial nervous system interconnecting zooids of a hydrozoan colony has been obtained only for two species, while it has been stated that in other studied species, the coenosarc lacks nerves. In the present study, the presence of a nervous system in the coenosarc of three species of colonial hydroids - the athecate Clava multicornis, and thecate Dynamena pumila and Obelia longissima - was studied based on immunocytochemical and ultrastructural investigations. Confocal scanning laser microscopy revealed a loose system composed of delicate, mostly bipolar, neurons visualized using a combination of anti-tyrosinated and anti-acetylated a-tubulin antibodies, as well as anti-RF-amide antibodies. Only ganglion nerve cells were observed. The neurites were found in the growing stolon tips close to the tip apex. Ultrastructural data confirmed the presence of neurons in the coenosarc epidermis of all the studied species. In the coenosarc, the neurons and their processes were found to settle on the mesoglea, and the muscle processes were found to overlay the nerve cells. Some of the neurites were found to run within the mesoglea. Based on the findings, the possible role of the colonial nervous system in sessile hydroids is discussed.

Towards DAOs of Difference

With this article, I explore the connections between blockchain technology, coloniality, and decolonial practices. Drawing on Sylvia Wynter’s thought on the interdependent systems of colonialism, capitalism, and knowledge, as well as more recent work on the coloniality of digital technologies, I argue that blockchain-based systems reproduce certain dynamics at work in historical colonialism. Additionally, Wynter’s decolonial propositions provide a generative framework to understand countercultural practices with. Inspired by Wynter, Patricia de Vries explores the notion of “plot work as artistic praxis” to ask how artistic work, implicated as it is in capitalist logics, can create space for relating differently in the context of the exploitations of those dominant logics. I apply this notion to examine how Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) in the countercultural blockchain space might contribute to this praxis.

Dynamic Nature of Positionality: How my Positionality has Changed Through Experience

As an individual of mixed Métis and European descent, growing up and working/studying in a colonial system, I often reflect on how my biases, perspectives, and identity impact my research in Indigenous health promotion. I am aware that my position of privilege may unintentionally marginalize and disempower others. However, I also acknowledge that my connection to my Métis family and community has given me insights into the perceptions and worldview of Indigenous communities in Canada. In this paper, I explore the dual nature of my position and how it is challenged and shaped through my work with the Kahnawà:ke School Diabetes Prevention Program, Indigenous health promotion leaders, and interactions with Indigenous community members. I discuss how my cultural and personal backgrounds, influenced by my Métis and European heritage, are both questioned and reinforced in these experiences, leading to a deeper connection with my family and community. By considering my positionality, I discuss how it both contributes and poses challenges to the research process in Indigenous health promotion contexts.

국제연맹의 동양 여성매매 조사와 식민지 조선

The first objective of this paper is to examine the roles played by the Government-General of Joseon, one of the colonial powers, in the process of the Japanese government’s response to the League of Nations’ Commission of Inquiry into Traffic in Women and Children in the East.
 On the one hand, the modern state-regulated prostitution system in Japan shows different aspects depending on the time, region, and political characteristics of the region within the sphere of influence called ‘the Empire,’ but existing studies have a tendency to neglect this fact. This negligence intersects with the methods of history denialists who deny the damages caused by ‘state-regulated prostitution’ and ‘comfort women.’ Substantial truths can be concealed amid the ‘authorized ignorance and strategic disregard’ of historical facts.
 The second objective of this paper is to reveal that such an attitude, which causes difficulty in discussing the historical character of the state-regulated prostitution system and the ‘comfort women’ system of the Japanese army, is shown by the inquiry of Japan by the League of Nations’ Commission and the response of the Japanese government. In other words, it is a contemplation on how the Commission of Inquiry, the Japanese government, and the Government-General of Joseon invisibilized the colonial state-regulated prostitution system, which was strongly associated with human trafficking even compared with Japan. This paper aims to disclose the fact that while Japan struggled to gain recognition in the international society as a late-starting imperialist nation, it steered away from the human trafficking problem of Japanese colonies from an imperialist point of view.

글로벌-로컬 혼종문화상품의 정체성과 진정성

This article examines the issue of whether hybridised cultural products created in the colonial Western-centric global-local world system can retain local cultural identity and authenticity through the case of African wax. African wax, a wax-printed fabric, is a raw-dye printed cotton fabric produced in factories by European textile companies based on batik, a traditional Indonesian fabric. It is a hybrid cultural product that is neither a traditional African fabric nor produced in Africa, but has acquired the attributes of African culture through its consumption in Africa. According to the conventional view that local culture should be locally generated and produced with originality, uniqueness, and purity, it is difficult to call hybridised wax prints made in Europe during the colonial period as African local culture. Therefore, based on transcultural theory, which interprets colonial local culture from a post-Western perspective, we found that the agency, creativity, and tradition of African local culture in the consumption process transformed the Indonesian-style European wax into African wax and made the wax print an African local culture. Furthermore, we suggest that if authenticity as a commodity is based on originality and genuineness in the production process, then authenticity as a culture should be based on usability, functionality, knowledge, and spirituality in the consumption process, so that Africans as consumers can recognise the cultural products created by wax prints, just as Europeans as producers naturally accept new cultural products such as fashion shows and exhibitions that reappropriate Africanness created by Africans. African wax is an important example of how hybrid cultural products created through the dynamic process of global-local production and consumption during the colonial period can define local cultural identity and authenticity, and what it takes to become new local global cultural contents today.

Факторы «напряженности» в англо-германских дипломатических отношениях в период 1904–1911 гг.

The content of the article analyzes the state of diplomatic relations between Great Britain and Germany in the period between 1904–1911. Special emphasis is placed on the designated period in order to identify and de-scribe the factors that caused the growth of political and economic contradictions. In this context, the buildup of Germany’s naval potential and its orientation towards strengthening its position in the traditional colonial sys-tem, considering the arms race between the two countries that began in the light of the events that took place, is considered in detail. Based on the analysis of the actions taken by the representatives of the British and Ger-man governments during the period in question, prepared on the basis of the study of research works and rele-vant sources, the author reveals the nature of the diplomatic aggravation and concludes on its role in the forth-coming military conflict.

Land, labour, and sovereignty in school: the Strelley mob and zones of contest in Indigenous education

ABSTRACT Schooling has been a site of harm for Indigenous people in settler colonial contexts, as a tool of dispossession, assimilation and separation from country and kin. However, schools have simultaneously been sites to work against this and build alternatives to settler colonial systems that nourish Indigenous futures. This article centers the connections between Indigenous labour, land, sovereignty and schooling. It focuses on the Strelley mob’s innovative remodelling of schooling during the first phase of national Australian government policies of Indigenous self-determination and self-management between 1972 and 1983. Working with Indigenous-authored texts and oral histories, I explain how the Strelley mob and supporters worked to exploit and reshape schooling to bring together and sustain their communities on their land, developing a practice of local control over repossessed country with an Indigenised schooling system at the heart. I show how the tensions centred on five ‘zones of contest’ where the Strelley mob clashed with norms of settler state governance in schools. I suggest these zones – political economy; school sovereignty; knowledges, technologies and temporalities; language and linguistic power; and spaces and lands – may provide an analytical tool for situating contests over Indigenous schooling within wider contests over land, labour and sovereignty.

Establishing Colonial Rule in a Frontier Encomienda: Chile’s Copiapó Valley under Francisco de Aguirre and His Kin, 1549–1580

AbstractThis article explores how Francisco de Aguirre used the Copiapó Valley encomienda to negotiate political power during the transition from conquest to colonial rule in northern Chile. Simultaneously, we analyze the circumstances of how a native society was incorporated into the Spanish Empire after a decade of fighting and resistance on the fringes of the empire. The strategic use of the fear of native rebellions to close the road from Peru to Chile gave Aguirre enough power to negotiate an important political position, which in the future would clash with the colonial authorities. Copiapó Valley’s peripheral location in the southernmost Atacama Desert constituted a political gray zone for the colonial administration. This space contributed to consolidating power for Aguirre and enabled locals some negotiation power within the possibilities afforded by the colonial system.

Reproductive benefits and reduced investment in parental care behavior associated with reproductive groups of males in Abudefduf troschelii.

Fishes of the family Pomacentridae present a wide diversity of mating systems, ranging from polygyny to promiscuity and from individual territorial defense to the establishment of reproductive colonies of males. The damselfish species Abudefduf troschelii has a reproductive colony mating system, in which males temporarily aggregate in reproductive areas to court and attract females. Males defend an individual territory where they receive eggs and perform paternal care behaviors for their offspring. The present study evaluated the advantages of the colonial mating system in A. troschelii. During an entire reproductive period, in a breeding colony within a rocky reef, we located, marked, geo-referenced, and measured the distances between the territories of all males. We quantified the variance among males in their patterns of paternal care investment, eggs acquired, hatching success, reproductive success, body size, and changes in body coloration. We found that males spatially distributed their nests in groups or independently (i.e., solitary nests). Nesting groups are formed by larger males that show intense nuptial coloration during the entire receptivity period. They are located centrally to the colony and consist of three to six males whose territories overlap. In contrast, small solitary males that fail to acquire or maintain nuptial coloration during the receptivity period establish their nests peripherally to the colony, away from the territories of other males. Our results highlight that the reproductive benefits of colonial nesting are unequal for males, as the spatial distribution of nests within the colony determines the reproductive success of males. Group nesting confers the highest reproductive benefits to males regarding eggs obtained, hatching success, and relative fitness and also enables males to reduce their parental investment in brood care behaviors. The preference of females for oviposition could be associated with greater intrasexual competitiveness, defense ability, body condition, or experience of group-nesting males located at the center of the colony or because their progeny will have a lower probability of predation than they would in solitary nests males.

Short-term effects of Brevibacillus laterosporus supplemented diet on worker honey bee microbiome: a pilot study

In the current study, honey bees’ diet was supplemented with spores of Brevibacillus laterosporus BGSP11 at concentration of 108 CFU/ml in sucrose solution and its short-term effects on their micro- and mycobiota have been analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Obtained results indicate that this treatment does not lead to potentially harmful changes in the bacterial microbiome of worker bees, slightly affecting the composition of core microbiota. Moreover, several potentially beneficial changes have been observed. The treatment has led to a significant increase in the abundance of Snodgrassella alvi, and species from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera which play important roles in protection against several honey bee pathogens. Simultaneously, B. laterosporus enriched diet have led to almost complete eradication of Enterobacteriaceae family, the taxon that contains several putative pathogen species. On the other hand, the treatment affected mycobiota more profoundly, which was expected considering the greater instability compared to microbiota. Although the observed changes in honey bee mycobiome cannot be considered a priori beneficial or harmful, since the interaction between the bee and its mycobiome has not been sufficiently studied, certain beneficial consequences of the treatment have been observed. They are primarily reflected in the reduction of phytopathogenic fungi that can affect the organoleptic and techno-functional characteristics of honey. In addition, before introducing B. laterosporus in beekeeping practice as a biological agent for pathogen control it is necessary to perform more thorough studies of the impact on the honey bee microbiome, immune system, physiology and economic characteristics of honey bee colonies.

Engaging First Nations People at Work: The Influence of Culture and Context

The paper seeks to understand organisational context and culture’s influence on engaging First Nations People in Canada in work. Organisations have many opportunities to attract and engage Indigenous people, who have distinct worldviews and unique cultural customs not necessarily reflected in a North American workplace. Indigenous people also grapple with the historical and ongoing disparate impacts of settler colonialism that intersect colonial systems in most every area of their lives. This study worked within Indigenous research principles to encourage the articulation of deeply felt experiences and points of view of how First Nations people viewed and interacted with their work. The findings reviewed the experiences of twelve First Nations individuals working in non-Indigenous organisations. Through anti-colonial and critical organisational theoretical lenses, the study reveals how the context and culture that defined this sample of First Nations people shaped their views of what is essential to engaging them in the workplace. The findings illustrate what First Nations people would like to see in a workplace culture, what they feel needs to be recognised as part of their unique Indigenous context, and the approaches and practises that are most important for engaging them. Understanding the effect of context and culture on positive work interactions provides new information for organisational leaders, managers, diversity officers, and Human Resource practitioners to better support First Nations engagement in the workplace. It may also offer an approach to better engaging other culturally diverse organisational groups. The results add value to the fields of critical theory, anti-colonial theory, critical management studies, and Indigenous wholistic theory. The results further the discussion on the processes of decolonization and the recognition of Indigenous and minority rights in the workplace.