Chain System Research Articles

CO2 Oil Displacement and Geological Storage Status and Prospects

ABSTRACTCCUS‐enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology relies on the unique properties of CO2 gas in the process of efficient oil displacement while achieving effective storage, which has become one of the most economical and effective measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in today's society and is important for helping to realize the global strategic goal of carbon neutrality. Based on previous research results, this review presents the oil displacement and geological storage mechanisms of CO2 in micropores in the oil and gas fields, and summarizes their respective influencing factors. At the same time, it also summarizes the current research status of CO2‐EOR and geological storage from the perspectives of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Moreover, it provides a detailed overview of four key technologies namely, miscibility improvement, swept volume expansion, storage potential assessment and storage safety monitoring, and their field applications. On this basis, this review compares the development status of field applications in Developed Countries and China, analyzes the problems of CCUS‐EOR technology in theoretical research, technology research and development and project industrialization, and points out the future development directions. Results are presented that research on CO2‐EOR and geological storage in Developed Countries such as the United States started early and developed rapidly. A relatively complete industrial chain system has been formed, and the scale and number of CCUS‐EOR projects are far ahead those in China. In China, relevant research started relatively late and developed slowly at the early stage. In recent years, due to the notable attention given to climate change and carbon storage, development efforts in China have gradually intensified. At present, there are more than 20 large‐scale CCUS‐EOR demonstration projects in operation, which are preliminarily ready for industrial promotion. Notably, the world has continued to increase its attention to CCUS‐EOR projects based on national conditions, further improving policy guidance mechanisms, strengthening research and development efforts, promoting the construction of the full‐process industry chain, achieving large‐scale and refined development, and providing theoretical guidance and technical support for realizing the strategic goal of carbon neutrality.

Data ecosystem framework proposal to implement Food Informatics systems in agri-food chains

Data ecosystem framework proposal to implement Food Informatics systems in agri-food chains

Development and Application of Sporadic Material Inventory Optimization Management System based on Artificial Intelligence

This paper introduces the overall framework of the intelligent electrical sporadic materials management system based on the ubiquitous Internet of Things. The system includes storage equipment and an intelligent management terminal. It makes optimal design for storage equipment and intelligent management terminals. The dynamic modeling of a three-layer supply chain system of power materials is constructed and composed of manufacturers, suppliers, and raw materials. The inventory control strategy of each link in the supply chain of power materials under different cooperation levels is studied by introducing the corresponding adjustment variables. Through the experiment and analysis of the system, it is proved that the system has good performance in label management, resource management, inventory management, disposal management, system management and essential management. The number of concurrent users, response speed, stability and other aspects of the system are excellent. The database is complete, independent, and secure. And the data is objectively reasonable and repairable. The system can lay a specific technical foundation for intelligent management of electrical sporadic materials.

An Evolutionary Game Model of a Regional Logistics Service Supply Chain Complex Network in a Blockchain Environment

Blockchain technology offers a novel solution to address the issue of information silos present in the complex network system of regional logistics service supply chains. Furthermore, enhancing the willingness of participants to engage in this system has emerged as a critical issue requiring urgent resolution. This study assumes bounded rationality and constructs an evolutionary game model to analyze the adoption behaviors of logistics service providers (LSPs) and logistics service integrators (LSIs) in a blockchain environment. The stability theorem of differential equations is employed to elucidate the inherent decision-making mechanisms present in the game. Acknowledging that traditional evolutionary mechanisms often neglect individual heterogeneity and the dynamic changes in the topological structures of complex networks, this study further involves the development of an evolutionary game model tailored for the complex network of a regional logistics service supply chain. After validating the effectiveness of the model, this research investigates how market environmental factors influence the adoption behaviors of LSPs and LSIs. Finally, through case simulations, the effects of key influencing factors on participatory behaviors within the regional logistics service supply chain are analyzed. The findings indicate that, in a blockchain environment, both prior to and following the adoption of complex network technology in the regional logistics service supply chain, the equilibrium stability of the network system is jointly determined by the total revenues of LSPs and LSIs. External factors in the blockchain environment significantly influence technology adoption strategies. Notably, when both the sensitivity coefficients of market demand relative to price and logistics service costs concerning quality enhancement are high, the willingness of supply chain participants to adopt the technology declines rapidly. As the quality elasticity increases, the technology adoption rates of providers and integrators initially stabilize and subsequently increase exponentially. Changes in the revenues of logistics service providers have no significant impact on technology adoption rates within the regional logistics service supply chain.

Sensorless Robust Anomaly Detection of Roller Chain Systems Based on Motor Driver Data and Deep Weighted KNN

Sensorless Robust Anomaly Detection of Roller Chain Systems Based on Motor Driver Data and Deep Weighted KNN

Research on the Integration of Internet of Things Assisted Blockchain and Supply Chain System in Agriculture

Research on the Integration of Internet of Things Assisted Blockchain and Supply Chain System in Agriculture

Evaluation and Management of Sustainable Supply Chain Systems with Carbon Emissions and Transport Damage Based on Multi-state System Reliability Assessment

Evaluation and Management of Sustainable Supply Chain Systems with Carbon Emissions and Transport Damage Based on Multi-state System Reliability Assessment

Study on reverse logistics and its significant importance – review

Reverse logistics (RL) has become increasingly significant in the field of supply chain and operation systems in recent years. One of the key components of operation and supply chain systems for carrying out business activities in a more methodical and effective manner to boost value addition for end users is reverse logistics. Returning final used goods from the customer's end to the manufacturer via a store is known as reverse logistics. The main purpose of reverse logistics is to make the final product flow from customer back to seller or manufacturer in order to reuse the product by recycling this reduces the cost of remanufacturing the product also it adds value to the customers through recycling the product. In this article attempt has been made to conduct extensive survey on logistics and its significant role in supply chain operations. In addition to that literature analysis is done by referring from various top-rated journals around the globe. The survey questions were prepared to collect the inputs from various customers to further reframe the design of Reverse logistics.

Determining the impact of blockchain technologies on the grain supply chain tracking system in the EU

The object of this paper is blockchain technology in the tracking system of grain supply chains. The current study considers the task of determining the impact of blockchain technology introduction on the tracking system of grain supply chains. The key problems in the system of grain supply chains have been identified and the tasks to solve them have been proposed. The characteristics of key technologies in the implementation of blockchain in the system of grain supply chains have been defined, such as smart contracts, the Internet of Things (IoT), interplanetary file system (IPFS), contactless tags (RFID), Ethereum platform (identified as the best for supply chain tracking). The influence of factors on the introduction of blockchain technologies into the grain supply chain tracking system was determined using a SWOT analysis. Strengths include transparency, increased trust, automation of processes and protection against falsification. Weaknesses include high implementation costs, difficulty scaling, and the need for staff training. Opportunities that open up through the use of blockchain include attracting new partners, increasing competitiveness, and developing new markets. Threats include legal difficulties, technical failures, high energy costs, and resistance from market participants. An assessment of the investment attractiveness of introducing blockchain technology into the grain supply chain tracking system was carried out by calculating such indicators as economic effect; net present value (NPV) of implementing blockchain technologies; payback period of investments. According to the results of analysis, the following data were obtained: NPV (150439 a.u.)>0, the payback period of investments is 2.8 years, which is acceptable for large agricultural holdings. Prospects for development have been determined, in particular, the unification of agricultural holdings for the joint implementation of blockchain technologies in the tracking system of grain supply chains, which would be a strategically beneficial solution for all participants in the supply chain

Advancing national security and economic prosperity through resilient and technology-driven supply chains

In today’s globally interconnected world, resilient and technology-driven supply chains are pivotal to ensuring national security, economic stability, and competitive growth. The complexities of modern trade, coupled with geopolitical tensions, natural disasters, and cybersecurity threats, have exposed vulnerabilities in traditional supply chain systems. These disruptions not only threaten critical infrastructure but also undermine economic prosperity by increasing costs and reducing efficiency. Advanced technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offer transformative solutions to these challenges. Blockchain enhances transparency and security by providing immutable records of transactions, ensuring accountability across supply chain networks. AI optimizes operations through predictive analytics, improving demand forecasting, inventory management, and risk assessment. Meanwhile, IoT enables real-time monitoring, allowing stakeholders to track assets, environmental conditions, and logistics with unprecedented precision. Together, these technologies empower supply chains to adapt dynamically, fostering resilience against disruptions. Beyond operational improvements, technology-driven supply chains hold strategic importance for national security. Secure and transparent supply chains mitigate risks associated with critical resources, such as semiconductors and energy, while fostering domestic manufacturing capabilities. Economically, these innovations enhance efficiency, create jobs, and enable businesses to remain globally competitive. This paper explores the intersection of technology and supply chain resilience, highlighting their contributions to national security, economic prosperity, and sustainable development. It emphasizes the need for robust policy frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, and scalable solutions to ensure the future of secure and efficient global trade systems.

Leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial intelligence (Al) to Optimize Supply Chain Systems

Some emerging technologies transforming supply chain management (SCM) include the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Their abilities provide the tools companies need to evolve and meet the changing needs and business conditions, ensuring they remain afloat. The challenge, however, is understanding how companies can incorporate the technologies into their systems. There are also concerns over the low adoption rates among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and the paper looks into the issue to assess the barriers and solutions. The other goal is to determine strategies companies use to optimize AI and IoT to ensure proper supply chain management. This paper contributes to supply chain management by providing a structured framework for integrating AI and IoT technologies to enhance operational efficiency, real- time decision-making, and supply chain visibility. It addresses barriers faced by SMEs, such as financial constraints and lack of skilled personnel, offering strategies like innovative leadership and collaboration through ecosystems to overcome these challenges. Additionally, the research highlights how AI and IoT strengthen supply chain resilience, optimize inventory, and ensure seamless operations, especially in adapting to post-pandemic vulnerabilities. The literature review was done on recent scholarly research papers and case studies. The findings showed that SMEs can overcome challenges such as limited funds and human resource constraints by collaborating with others and getting innovative leaders to lead the supply chains. Supply Chain Systems (SCS) that adopt AI and IoT can leverage them to ensure optimized inventory management, tracking and quality control, predictive analysis abilities, and continuous monitoring, which provide constant system improvement.

A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Replenishment Approach for Multi-Echelon Inventory Considering Cost Optimization

In the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, inventory management is a critical component of supply chain management because it directly impacts cost efficiency and customer satisfaction. For instance, effective inventory management can minimize overstocking and reduce replenishment delays, which are particularly important in multi-echelon supply chain systems characterized by high complexity and dynamic demand. This study proposes a method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) aimed at optimizing replenishment decisions in multi-echelon inventory systems for FMCG industries. We designed a Dynamic Replenishment FMCG Multi-Echelon Optimization (ME-DRFO) model and incorporated a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to model the multi-echelon inventory system. By applying an improved Soft Actor–Critic with an adaptive alpha and learning rate (SAC-AlphaLR) algorithm, which introduces adaptive temperature parameters and adaptive learning rate mechanisms, our approach not only dynamically adapts to environmental changes but also effectively balances exploration and exploitation, ultimately achieving global replenishment cost minimization while ensuring supply chain stability. Through numerical experiments, our method demonstrates excellent performance by reducing replenishment costs by 12.31% and decreasing inventory shortages to 2.21%, significantly outperforming traditional methods such as overstocking, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the standard Soft Actor–Critic (SAC). This research provides new theoretical insights into multi-echelon inventory optimization and practical solutions for effectively managing complex supply chains under uncertain and dynamic conditions.

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Grain Yield under the Grain Supply Chain in Heilongjiang

Limited agricultural production combined with the increasing food demand has led to the Grain Supply Chain instability and food supply conflicts, particularly in Heilongjiang province, a major grain-producing region of China. Increasing grain yield has become the key area of study among researchers. This study constructs a Multiple Linear Regression model based on Stepwise Regression analysis with R software and Eviews to investigate eight factors influencing grain yield in Heilongjiang province from 1992 to 2022 by utilizing methods such as White-test, Durbin-Watson Test, and Variance Inflation Factor to validate this model. According to the findings, an increase in Grain Sown Area, Effective Irrigated Area, and Value Added in Primary Industry, correlates with an increase in Grain Yield. In contrast, an increase in Disaster-Affected Areas and Employment in Primary Industry is associated with a decrease in Grain Yield. In addition, an in-depth analysis regarding the negative coefficient associated with Employment in the Primary Industry was conducted by integrating the Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns. It was concluded that the incompatibility of the initial hypothesis may be attributed to the educational level of Employment in Primary Industry and the efficiency of grain production. To establish a more stable, efficient, and flexible Grain Supply Chain system, it is recommended to enhance resource utilization, strengthen disaster monitoring, control inefficient labor productivity, and promote industrial collaboration to satisfy the increasing demand for boosted Grain Yield.

Study on” Distribution and Promotion of Amul Fresh Product” at Amul

This internship report explores the distribution and promotion strategies of Amul Fresh Products, a leading Indian dairy brand. The report examines the company's extensive distribution network, including urban, semi-urban, and rural areas, and the role of distributors, retailers, and wholesalers in ensuring timely delivery and maintaining product freshness through an efficient cold chain system. The report also explores Amul's promotional strategies, including TV and print advertisements, digital campaigns, and in-store promotions. It emphasizes the use of traditional and digital media to enhance brand visibility and engage with a diverse consumer base. The report also highlights the importance of consumer feedback and market research in shaping Amul's marketing efforts. Overall, the experience highlights the effectiveness of Amul's distribution channels and innovative promotional tactics in maintaining its strong market presence.

Study on the Path of Coordinated Development of the Yangtze River Delta Regional Economy Based on Credit-granting Mechanisms

Since the establishment of the Yangtze River Delta regional economy, a brand-new economic development model has appeared in front of our eyes. With the continuous development of economy and society, the advantages of regional economy gradually appear, but at the same time there are many development problems. Based on the background of the development of the Yangtze River Delta region in recent years, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of a number of chain coffee brands that have developed rapidly in the Yangtze River Delta region, explores the operation mechanism of small and medium-sized coffee shops with franchise and chain system, and points out the dilemma and problems that need to be solved for the further development of small and medium-sized coffee shops. And put forward the corresponding solutions and solutions to all walks of life, so as to realize the vigorous development of the Yangtze River Delta region, and further promote the process of national economic construction and common prosperity.

Staging value creation processes in short food supply chains of Italy

AbstractFarmers’ markets, as a short food supply chain system, are considered schemes that can contribute to local development, producing economic, environmental, and social value. These three facets of value can set the stage for building up the farmers' market value proposition. In the present study, we use the theoretical concept of the territorial staging system to identify farmers’ markets as sociotechnical contexts where producers and consumers interact to provide experiential resources and experiential engagement. This paper focused on the supply side of the proposed framework: by interviewing farmers markets’ directors and producers, an empirical analysis has been carried out with the purpose of identifying how these actors evaluate the three facets of value (economic, social, and environmental). The results show that, while directors emphasize economic value, farmers attribute higher importance to the environmental and, especially, social facet of value. These findings, which represent a primary research step that includes the consumers' contribution to the stage setting, highlight the diverging views of the actors involved. Results suggest that developing a stage that enhances consumer experience is a complex process and requires understanding different viewpoints.

Atomistic Simulations of Mechanical Properties of Lignin.

The mechanical properties of lignin, an aromatic heteropolymer constituting 20-30% plant biomass, are important to the fabrication and processing of lignin-based sustainable polymeric materials. In this study, atomistic simulations are performed to provide microscopic insights into the mechanics of lignin. Representative samples of miscanthus, spruce, and birch lignin are studied. At room temperature below the glass transition temperature, the stress-strain curves for uniaxial compression and tensile loading are calculated and analyzed. The results show that lignin possesses rigidity with a Young's modulus in the order of GPa and exhibits strain hardening under strong compression. Meanwhile, lignin is brittle and fails through the microscopic mechanism of cavitation and chain pullout under local tensile loading. In addition to the three common lignin samples, minimalist model systems of monodisperse linear chains consisting of only guaiacyl units and β-O-4 linkages are simulated. Systematic variation of the model lignin chain length allows a focused examination of the molecular weight effects. The results show that the molecular weight does not affect the Young's modulus much, but higher molecular weight results in stronger strain hardening under compression. In the range of molecular weight studied, the lignin chains are not long enough to arrest the catastrophic chain pullout, explaining the brittleness of real lignin samples. This work demonstrates that the recently modified CHARMM force fields and the accompanying structural information of real lignin samples properly capture the mechanics of lignin, offering an in silico microscope to explore the atomistic details necessary for the valorizaiton of lignin.

Analysis of the Interactive Game Between Manufacturers and Retailers Considering the Free-Riding Effect on the Internet

Against the backdrop of an increasingly sound supply chain system and thriving e-commerce, it is becoming increasingly common for retailers to introduce their own brands of products and for manufacturers to open up direct online sales channels. The existence of these two supply chain decisions is complex and involves interactions. Moreover, the introduction of online direct sales channels will bring about differences in prices and service quality between channels, resulting in a free-riding effect on the internet. However, existing related research rarely considers the role of network free-riding effect in this supply chain system. This article integrates the network free-riding effect into the supply chain model by setting the network free-riding rate. According to whether retailers introduce their own brand products and manufacturers open up online direct sales channels, four supply chain scenarios are formed, and the reverse recursion method is used to obtain the profit functions for each of these four scenarios. Then, a Stackelberg game model is established to determine the response strategies of manufacturers and retailers based on the changes in profits of manufacturers caused by retailer decisions and the changes in profits of retailers caused by manufacturer decisions. Through analysis, it was discovered that a key factor affecting decision-making within the supply chain system is the retailer’s channel advantage. When the channel advantage of retailers is strong, manufacturers will open up online direct sales channels to weaken the channel advantage of retailers. Retailers will not introduce their own brand products but are more inclined to cooperate with manufacturers. When the channel advantage of retailers is weak, retailers will attract consumers and consolidate their channel advantage by introducing high-quality, low-priced private label products, while manufacturers will maintain cooperation with retailers and adopt a strategy of not opening up online direct sales channels. We also analyzed the Nash equilibrium state under different channel advantages of retailers.

Economics, supply chain and advanced tolerance fuel requirement of very small modular reactors (vSMR): a case study for Saudi Arabia

Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is now among the few nations poised to benefit from nuclear reactor technology. For building nuclear reactors in a desert region like the Kingdom, one of the effective approach is to construct small nuclear power plants that can be swiftly deployed in remote areas. Key factors include the performance of these nuclear reactors, which encompasses their innovative design, safe operation, and economic viability. The research begins with a comprehensive analysis of the latest literature on very small modular reactors (vSMRs), including relevant policies and regulations. The reactors’ suitability for Saudi Arabia’s climate is also assessed. Considering the country’s extensive sustainable energy plan, the future energy market in Saudi Arabia is examined. The study covers the gasoline supply chain system, addressing both the front and back ends, safety features, development strategies, and implementation challenges. Additionally, technological advancements relevant to Saudi Arabia, such as control systems, computer platforms, and fuel tolerance during accidents, are explored. The research supports considering vSMRs as a viable addition to the nuclear fleet of KSA.

Benefit-Sharing Mechanism in Cross-Regional Agricultural Product Supply Chain: A Grounded Theory Approach

The accelerated development of economic globalization has given rise to the formation of supply chain networks for cross-regional agricultural products. However, the unequal rights and status of the partners and an imperfect benefit linkage mechanism have made it difficult to reasonably distribute and share benefits. Understanding how to establish a benefit-sharing mechanism among partners has been a popular topic in the industry, but thematic research and discussions are lacking in the academic community. Therefore, in this study, we utilized a grounded theory approach and selected five supply chain master enterprises with different supply chain systems as samples. We constructed a theoretical model of a benefit-sharing mechanism and systematically revealed the key elements and theoretical logic of benefit sharing. The results of this study showed that (1) the five elements of benefit creation, benefit integration, benefit distribution, benefit constraint, and benefit coordination have important impacts on benefit sharing in the supply chain; (2) the dimensions within these five elements are independent of each other, and these elements can be combined to demonstrate a common impact on benefit sharing. The dynamic interaction among the five elements constituted a self-regulating and self-optimizing cyclic system; (3) benefit integration and benefit distribution have a dynamic cyclic facilitating effect on benefit sharing. This study has refined the key elements of the benefit-sharing mechanism, and the results provide theoretical references for benefit sharing and in-depth collaboration among supply chain members.