Car System Research Articles

Navigation System of Electric Car with Faster R-CNN for Pediatric Patient Transportation

The use of electric cars as a means of transportation for pediatric patients has the main purpose of having a positive effect on the psychology of pediatric patients before surgery. Therefore, it is expected to accelerate the healing process. An electric car navigation system that can recognize the environment is needed. This article aims to develop a camera-based semi-autonomous navigation system using the faster R-CNN method to detect markers as electric car direction. This method optimizes the range of interest (RoI) layer to produce optimal features. Faster R-CNN is faster in generating accurate region proposals compared to R-CNN and Fast R-CNN. Various Faster R-CNN models were tested in image data processing for marker detection as the electric car steering system. Test results on FPS variations show that the best results were obtained when using the Faster R-CNN MobileNet V3 Large 320 FPN model with a value of 11.3f ps for the forward marker, 18.9 fps for the stop marker, 22.6 fps for the left turn marker and 11.1 fps for the right turn marker. With this model, the results obtained are quite good in testing the performance of the car navigation system. The results obtained in the success of the test are 70% for the forward marker test, 100% for the stop marker test, 90% for the left turn marker and 100% for the right turn marker.

Real-time multi-sensor fusion for object detection and localization in self-driving cars: A Carla simulation

Research on integrating camera and LiDAR in self-driving car systems has important scientific significance in the context of developing 4.0 technology and applying artificial intelligence. The research contributes to improving the accuracy in recognizing and locating objects in complex environments. This is an important foundation for further research on optimizing response time and improving the safety of self-driving systems. This study proposes a real-time multi-sensor data fusion method, termed "Multi-Layer Fusion," for object detection and localization in autonomous vehicles. The fusion process leverages pixel-level and feature-level integration, ensuring seamless data synchronization and robust performance under adverse conditions. Experiments conducted on the CARLA simulator. The results show that the method significantly improves environmental perception and object localization, achieving a mean detection accuracy of 95% and a mean distance error of 0.54 meters across diverse conditions, with real-time performance at 30 FPS. These results demonstrate its robustness in both ideal and adverse scenarios

Horizontal vibration and control methods in high-speed elevator car systems: a review

Horizontal vibration and control methods in high-speed elevator car systems: a review

Research on explicit model predictive control method for horizontal vibration of high-speed elevator car system

Research on explicit model predictive control method for horizontal vibration of high-speed elevator car system

Very high-power short-duration radiofrequency ablation in patients with typical atrial flutter: rationale and design of the FASD-HP randomized trial.

The aim of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent flutter ablation is the bidirectional conduction block of the CTI. Very-high-power short-duration (vHPSD) radiofrequency ablation aims to minimize conductive heating and increase resistive heating to create shallower but wider lesions in a very short time, while reducing the risk of collateral tissue damage. Experimental studies have shown that it produces effective transmural lesions with an equal or better safety profile compared to conventional parameters. There are published and ongoing trials studying long-term outcomes of this technique for pulmonary vein isolation, but there is a lack of evidence regarding its use in flutter ablation. Multicenter 1:1 randomized, single-blind study. Two CTI ablation strategies are compared: (1) conventional treatment arm consisting of 25-40-W applications of unlimited duration until reaching the minimum value of one of the currently accepted lesion markers (Ablation Index > 500 at the anterior half of the CTI and > 400 at the posterior half with CARTO3 system); (2) experimental treatment arm consisting of CTI block using point-by-point applications of very-high-power (90 W) short duration (4s). The primary objective is to evaluate the non-inferiority of the efficacy and safety of vHPSD ablation in patients undergoing typical flutter ablation. Secondary objectives include comparison of total radiofrequency time, number of applications, number of steam pops, percentage of reconnections, procedure duration, pain during the procedure, and time to flutter recurrence. The FASD-HP trial is the first clinical trial to investigate the non-inferiority of CTI ablation with vHPSD in patients with typical atrial flutter. The study was registered at http://www. gov (NCT05777850) on March 21, 2023.

Dynamic Allocation Strategy for the Car Rental Industry with Multiple Rental Channels

This paper addresses the rental car allocation problem in which a car rental company rents its cars through various channels. This study proposes a constrained model based on the nested-allocation structure to allocate the rental cars to the car rental system to maximize the total rental revenues. The nested allocation strategy uses the concept of whether the number of sales accumulated to a certain level exceeds a threshold corresponding to that sharer. This approach allows the quota of low-profit channels to support the leasing demand of high-profit channels at any time, thereby increasing revenue. The proposed model can dynamically adjust the nested strategy as the dynamic programming model. However, it avoids the issues of ample storage space and long calculation time commonly encountered by the dynamic programming model. Computational results show that the proposed nested approach substantially outperforms the traditional exclusive allocation approach.

ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER CARS FAILURES

The article is devoted to the technical condition analysis of the structural elements of passenger cars of the "Passenger Company" branch. The cars were operated by the regional branch "Odessa Railway" of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia". The vast majority of domestic passenger cars have been in operation since the end of the last century and have already exhausted their resource. The service life of such cars has been repeatedly extended taking into account the condition of the body and frame. But the issues of the condition of the internal equipment of carriages, the level of its environmental safety, the compliance of comfort systems with modern requirements of the European Union have always remained outside the attention of researchers. The comfort systems in passenger cars, which were designed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century, do not meet modern EU requirements. This concerns both environmental standards and material and labor costs for their maintenance in working condition. The low level of comfort causes dissatisfaction among passengers, who choose other carriers. The existing passenger economy system must ensure repair and restoration work during the technical maintenance of cars between trips. To carry out these works, it is necessary to have a sufficient number of spare parts and equipment. During operational planning, heads of the department must take into account the labor intensity of the performed work. Currently, the calculation of these indicators is carried out using some averaged values. They do not take into account either the degree of wear of the car equipment, nor the place and nature of its operation. The lack of reliable information about the actual level of wear and damage of life support systems leads to unjustified overspending of material resources. In order to ensure the rational operation of the Passenger Company departments that prepare passenger trains for trip, it is necessary to create a solid scientific basis for the rational planning of repair and restoration work during maintenance based on factual information on the technical condition of the elements of the internal equipment and life support systems of passenger cars. At the same time, the required number of spare parts and equipment must be provided to restore operability when preparing a car for a trip. The results of the study will be used by the administration of the Passenger Company to develop organizational and technical solutions to restore the functionality of the cars.

COMBINED DECISION SUPPORT MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF THE KYIV CAR TUNNEL NETWORK

An analysis is conducted for the opportunities to reduce climate (ecological), technogenic and safety risks in the Kyiv transport infrastructure in case of construction of the car tunnel system envisioned in the Kyiv city General plan. The involved structural and functional factors included district type in the potential tunnel’s area, downtown factor, population density, daily pendular movement, arterial network density, aver-age traffic speed at peak hours, surface connectivity of the exits (portals) of the tunnel by automobile roads, surface road throughput, criticalness of the transport infrastructure object, and vulnerability in case of military attacks or terrorist acts. The modified morphological analysis method was applied in the research, that con-sidered groups of climate (ecological) and techogenic risks, and also the military (terrorist) threats. This be-came the basis for construction of the decision support model regarding the evaluation of priorities and rank-ings (rational order) of tunnel construction. Additionally, a combination of morphological analysis with analyt-ical hierarchy process was proposed that provided alternative viewpoints with a different ranking compared to the basic model, depending on the given priorities (weights) of risk factors during decision making. This approach may be useful for development of the transport policy with the goal of approaching climate neutrality for big cities, as well as maximum protection of urban transport infrastructure in conditions of wartime threats.Using the developed system tools and combined models, the urban society can become safer and more resilient, managing transport policies on the basis of the system approach, and multi-criteria analysis of im-pact factors.

THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES PRODUCTION

BACKGROUND: Many approaches to the development of modern automotive products are based on methods inherited from the 70-80's of the XX century from a country with a radically different economic system (USSR). Advanced modern approaches rely on the fact that the manufacturer is in constant contact with the сlients and is engaged in the development of its processes in order to organize the creation of the best product to increase its own market share and competitiveness. The article discusses the proposal of a new model of the car creation system. AIM: The purpose of the study is to develop a system for creating motor transport products that meets modern requirements and modern competitive approaches. METHODS: The study analyzed the existing modern methods and approaches to the development of automotive products. RESULTS and scientific novelty. A system for the development of vehicles products that meets modern requirements in the field of product development is described. The system differs from the existing ones with elements that allow improving the quality, properties and characteristics of the products being created. CONCLUSIONS: Practical significance. It is advisable to use the proposed system in the development of modern vehicles. It is also possible to use the system in the development of other high-tech products.

Extended music listening systems in cars: the process of curating, performing and remembering in heavy metal musicians

ABSTRACT Music listening continually shapes our emotional, cognitive and social experiences. In this article, I present an extended and ecological model of music listening in which the listening experience extends across the listener, the music and the world. Applying autoethnographic methods, I discuss personal experiences of listening in a distinct sociocultural context; two friends, heavy metal fans and musicians listening together in a car. I identify a variety of dimensions, including curation, or the selection process; embodied performance; and shared history.

Robot Tracking Navigation Based on Visual SLAM

Visual Simulation Localization and Mapping technology is an important research direction in the fields of computer vision and robotics. The research background of this technology mainly stems from the insufficient accuracy of traditional positioning and map construction methods in the face of environmental changes. With the development of artificial intelligence, this technology has been involved in multiple disciplinary fields. Since 2015, researchers have begun to focus on the combination with deep learning to improve algorithm robustness, dynamic scene planning and other aspects. This article which introduces the existing tracking car system and visual SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) system framework explores the robot tracking and navigation technology based on visual SLAM. Visual SLAM technology provides robots with an autonomous navigation solution that does not require external sensors through feature extraction, real-time positioning, mapping, and closed-loop detection. This article also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of visual SLAM navigation, and offers insights into the future development of VSLAM technology in robot tracking navigation.

Auto Mobilize Pro

A car rental analysis solution uses current data analytics to simplify and enhance rental operations management. It consists of numerous modules that monitor vehicle utilisation, client preferences, and operational effectiveness. The system employs big data and machine learning algorithms to forecast demand trends, increase fleet utilisation, and enhance customer satisfaction through tailored recommendations. It also provides real-time insights into maintenance requirements, which reduces downtime and costs. The system also includes financial analysis tools for analysing sales, expenses, and profitability, resulting in a comprehensive view of organisational performance. Overall, a car rental analysis system enhances decision-making, boosts operational efficiency, and encourages business expansion.

The influence and development of artificial intelligence on automobile emergency system

In the automobile industry, the application of artificial intelligence is more and more extensive, among which the emergency hedging system of automobile is one of the important fields of artificial intelligence application. With the increasing growth of automobiles, traffic road safety has become a topic often talked about in People's Daily life. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, many automobile companies begin to use artificial intelligence to help the car emergency hedging system. Artificial intelligence will greatly enhance the timeliness, accuracy and safety of the automobile emergency system. This paper aims to discuss the influence and development of artificial intelligence on automobile emergency avoidance system, and analyze its advantages and disadvantages and future development trend. Which has a very obvious help to the automatic driving technology, but also laid the development of automatic driving technology.

A state-space fuzzy control model to enhance the lifespan of hybrid storage systems

Renewable energy sources have become a priority in developing electrical systems due to growing environmental concerns over fossil fuel-based energy and its consequences. Much emphasis has been paid to integrating green energies, especially wind and solar power, with energy storage systems in microgrids and electric car systems. The lifespan of a battery system (BS) is usually short due to irregular charging patterns and frequent deep discharging cycles. This study presents a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and energy management strategy (EMS) based on the designed state-space fuzzy control (SSFC) technique that uses a combination of state-space as an input to the fuzzy control to improve the HESS lifespan. The state space translates the system's digital computation, provides the allowance of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) into the system, gives zero state response to the system and describes the internal state of the system. The designed SSFC system is built to limit the degradation rates, equalize the state of charge (SoC), and monitor the temperature. Those factors are used to prolong the lifespan of the proposed hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and to improve energy management systems. The SSFC is simple to use with nonlinear and time-varying systems, and it offers a more comprehensive and precise representation of the behavior of the system. The system is modelled using MATLAB for coding and Simulink for system simulations. The comparison of the proposed SSFC, optimal, and fuzzy models show a considerable improvement in the parameters that affect the lifespan of the HESS. Therefore, this study can serve as a catalyst model for the optimal design and sizing of hybrid storage systems.

Analysis of the Selected Design Changes in a Wheel Hub Motor Electromagnetic Circuit on Motor Operating Parameters While Car Driving

The drive system of an electric car must meet road requirements related to overcoming obstacles and driving dynamics depending on the class and purpose of the vehicle. The driving dynamics of modern cars as well as size and weight limitations mean that wheel hub motors operate with relatively high current density and high power supply frequency, which may generate significant power losses in the windings and permanent magnets and increase their operating temperature. Designers of this type of motor often face the need to minimize the motor’s weight, as it constitutes the unsprung mass of the vehicle. Another limitation for motor designers is the motor dimensions, which are limited by the dimensions of the rim, the arrangement of suspension elements and the braking system. The article presents two directions in the design of wheel hub motors. The first one involves minimizing the length of the stator magnetic core, which allows for shortening of the axial dimension and mass of the motor but involves increasing the thermal load and the need for deeper de-excitation. The second one involves increasing the number of pairs of magnetic poles, which reduces the mass, increases the internal diameter of the motor and shortens the construction of the fronts, but is associated with an increase in the motor operating frequency and increased power losses. Additionally, increasing the number of pairs of magnetic poles is often associated with reducing the number of slots per pole and the phase for technological reasons, which in turn leads to a greater share of spatial harmonics of the magnetomotive force in the air gap and may lead to the generation of higher power losses and higher operating temperatures of permanent magnets. The analysis is based on a simulation of the motor operation, modeled on the basis of laboratory tests of the prototype, while the car is driving in various driving cycles.

Design of Car Based on 5G Network Control

The role of smart cars is pivotal, and this project designs and implements a four-wheel vehicle control system leveraging 5G communication technology. The system aims to enhance the portability of smart cars, reduce their costs, enable remote control functionality, and improve mobility to meet the needs of modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The system integrates an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module with the Blinker IoT platform to enable remote, real-time control of car movement via a smartphone app. Using Access Point (AP) mode for fast network configuration, users can input Wi-Fi credentials and a Blinker key through a web interface for easy setup. Through the custom app interface, users can send commands to control the car’s forward, backward, turning, and stopping actions, as well as adjust speed and operation delay. Additionally, the system includes Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) data storage to ensure the persistent saving of configuration information, and it features a remote wireless camera for external monitoring of the car’s surroundings. The Android-based remote control design allows users to monitor and control the car’s movement anytime and anywhere. Experimental results show that the system is stable, provides smooth control, operates at low cost and low power consumption, and offers good portability. Therefore, this intelligent car control system offers valuable insights for smart car development and application. It can also be integrated with popular smart homes, IoT, and other emerging technologies, offering broad application potential and promising development prospects.

Analysis of electromagnetic force characteristics and wheelbase design of Maglev car based on double permanent magnet electrodynamic wheels

With the advantage of “suspension-drive” integration, the Maglev car has broad application prospects in fields, such as Maglev highways. Currently, a laboratory-scale Maglev car prototype has been built by one of the groups of Southwest Jiaotong University equipped with four permanent magnet electrodynamic wheels. A full-scale Maglev car is planned for design. The distance between the front and rear electrodynamic wheels (EDWs) of a Maglev car will directly affect the safety of the entire car system operation; therefore, it is necessary to explore the wheelbase design. This paper first analyzes the relationship between the electromagnetic force of double EDWs (DEDWs) and the wheelbase under the size of a scaled prototype through 3D simulation and verifies the effectiveness of the simulation model through experiments. Furthermore, the electromagnetic force characteristics of full-scale DEDWs were explored through finite element simulation methods. Finally, we provide the wheelbase design standards for the Maglev car of any size. The findings indicate that the electromagnetic force of DEDWs first rapidly decreases and then stabilizes with increasing wheelbase. The ratio of the inner and outer radius of the DEDWs, and the material and thickness of the conductor plate do not affect the critical value of the wheelbase, while the rotation speed and air gap of DEDWs are the parameters affecting the design of the wheelbase. This article provides a new idea for the wheelbase design of the Maglev car, which is expected to provide some reference for the structural design and parameter optimization of multi-EDW devices.

DEVELOPING A CONTROLLER FOR AN ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC) SYSTEM: UTILIZING DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING (DRL) APPROACH

The addition of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) to vehicles enables automatic speed adjustments based on traffic conditions after the driver sets the maximum speed, freeing them to concentrate on steering. This study is dedicated to the development of a passenger car ACC system using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). A critical aspect of this ACC system is its capability to regulate the distance between vehicles by taking into account preceding and following vehicle speeds. It considers three primary inputs: the memory-stored speed of the following vehicle, the lead time specified by the driver, and the radar-measured distance. By adapting speed in different traffic scenarios, the system contributes to averting potential accidents. This research delves into constructing a controller that utilizes the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm and compares its outcomes with those from the DQN algorithm. The DDPG controller supervises the longitudinal control actions of a vehicle, enabling it to execute stopping and moving maneuvers safely and efficiently.

Static and Dynamic Analysis of Automated Car Parking Tower Systems

Background: Our country has dramatically evolved over the decades, and now we have a large number of well-connected roads, public buildings and a rising number of automobiles. With the passage of time, the manual car parking system in commercial spaces has become a stumbling block and wastes time. As a result, it requires a solution that can address these issues. Automated car parking systems are the answer to these issues. Methods: In this study, the static and dynamic response spectrum approach was used to analyze G+13 storey automated car parking by using ETABS-2018 systems Results: The storey displacement, storey stiffness, storey shear and overturning moment of steel and Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) automated car parking tower subjected to static and dynamic load for seismic zone III and zone IV in India have been determined. Conclusion: The RCC automated car parking tower was found to be not only stiffer but also lowered the displacement of construction.

СИСТЕМА ВІДДАЛЕНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ТА КЕРУВАННЯ ФУНКЦІЯМИ АВТОМОБІЛЯ

The article presents a system of remote control and management of car functions, developed using innovative technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless networks. During the development of the system, technologies such as sensors for monitoring the technical condition of the car, a website for remote access, and microcontrollers for data processing and remote control of the car's functions were used. The use of these technologies allows vehicle owners to monitor vehicle parameters such as fuel level, tire pressure and condition, cabin air quality, climate control system, and perform remote operations such as opening doors or windows or starting the engine. This system increases the safety and convenience of using cars in the modern world. Keywords - car remote control system, wireless networks, Internet of Things, sensors, car safety, remote control.