Special-purpose Systems Research Articles

Development Features of the FSES for Tiered and Continuous Higher Education

The article discusses the dynamics of the development of federal state educational standards (FSES) for the preparation of bachelors, masters and specialists in the field of photonics, instrumentation, optical and biotechnological systems and technologies over the past twenty-five years. The authors analyze the features, advantages and disadvantages of tiered and continuous higher education. Particular attention is paid to the development and improvement of state educational standards of higher education in the specialty “Electronic and Optical-electronic Devices and Special-purpose Systems.” The article substantiates the expansion of the scope of professional use of a specialist in the field of electronic and optoelectronic devices and systems and the need to introduce a new – information-analytical type of activity. based on the developed competency models of the results of mastering the educational programs of graduate, undergraduate and specialty studies, a comparative analysis of their orientation in various fields of activity is carried out. One of the main trends in the development of state regulation of training students in an enlarged group of specialties and areas of training “Photonics, Instrumentation, Optical and Biotechnical Systems and Technologies” is providing universities with greater freedom in the development of educational programs and the selection of applied educational technologies. It is shown that the main strategic task of the developer of the main professional educational program is to form a set of competencies that will allow the graduate to work in one of the areas of professional activity. At the same time, this set of competencies should be correlated with some labor functions formally described by professional standards and qualification requirements. It is concluded that the main result of the evolutionary development of educational programs of tiered and continuous higher education was the transition from their academic orientation to a practice-oriented character providing focus on certain professional qualifications and requirements of the employer.

МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД З ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ЗВ’ЯЗКУ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ

Найбільш характерними особливостями побудови систем зв'язку військового призначення є високий ступінь апріорної невизначеності стосовно оперативної обстановки та малий обсяг вихідних даних для планування зв’язку. У таких умовах важливий правильний вибір апарату оцінки прийнятих управлінських рішень, який дозволить посадовим особам органів управління системою зв’язку бути впевненим у правильності рішень, що приймаються. Прийняття рішення на побудову системи зв’язку будь-якого рівня, як правило, включає визначення мети її функціонування, вибір показників і обґрунтування критеріїв оцінки, синтез альтернативних структур і пошук раціонального варіанту розгортання системи зв’язку. Практика бойового застосування частин та підрозділів зв’язку переконливо показала, що в теорії та практиці організації зв’язку виникла необхідність в удосконаленні науково-методичного апарату, що буде відповідати сучасним умовам функціонування систем управління та забезпечувати більш адекватну оцінку ефективності систем зв’язку, що розгортаються. В зазначеній статті авторами запропоновано методичний підхід з оцінки ефективності системи зв’язку спеціального призначення. Запропонований підхід заснований на використанні показника доступності системи зв’язку спеціального призначення з першого разу. В ході зазначеного дослідження авторами використані основні положення теорії зв’язку, теорії завадостійкості та розвідзахищеності. Новизна запропонованого методичного підходу, на відміну від існуючих полягає в тому, що система зв’язку спеціального призначення оцінюється по узагальненому показнику доступності канальних та мережевих ресурсів системи зв’язку спеціального призначення, що є згорткою часткових показників оцінки ефективності системи зв’язку спеціального призначення. Практичне значення запропонованого методичного підходу полягає в тому, що запропонований підхід дозволяє оцінити систему зв’язку по більшій кількості часткових показників, визначити заходи щодо розгортання системи зв’язку та виробити заходи стосовно підвищення ефективності системи зв’язку спеціального призначення

Features of parachute systems testing during their creation

The article describes a number of stages in the creation of parachute systems for military and special purposes and some features of executing their testing. The necessity of development flight tests and their peak modes are analyzed in details. The feasibility of recovery parachute system creation for saving the weight model during the flight tests connected with checking of parachute systems strength is proved. The procedure of putting the recovery parachute system into the action scheme of the tested parachute system is suggested. The sequence and the stages of three-cascade recovery parachute system operation consisting of the auxiliary parachute, the drogue parachute and the main one are given. The analysis of this system operation considering the phase trajectories of the recovery parachute system and the tested parachute system movement is conducted. Development of possible emergency situations of the tested parachute system including the phase trajectories of motion at all stages is considered. The phase trajectories of motion are given taking into account test envelope with overlapping of the maximum operation conditions and acceleration modes. Development of emergencies is analyzed considering time buffer to put the recovery parachute system into operation. The article considers the example of creating the emergency detection system and its operating procedure when putting the recovery parachute system into action. Positive results from introduction of the recovery parachute system into the flight tests when creating parachute systems for different purposes are predicted. A new strategy of executing flight tests with the introduction of an updated (by the decision of the Chief Designer) test program is proposed. Extension of the test envelope will enable to significantly advance information awareness of the flight experiment, efficiency and quality of its results. Introduction of the emergency detection system will considerably improve reliability of the tested parachute system operation.

Методика диагностирования компьютерных инцидентов безопасности в автоматизированных системах специального назначения

Методика диагностирования компьютерных инцидентов безопасности в автоматизированных системах специального назначения

Совершенствование методологии управления развитием сложных агротехнических систем специ-ального назначения в современных условиях

Proper management of the agrobiological state of the soil environment is impossible without predicting the dynamics of changes in its condition. At the present stage, traditional monitoring systems based on laboratory analysis are most widely used. Such methods are quite accurate, but also cost-effective. Moreover, these systems have a rather large drawback – the speed of determining the agrobiological pa-rameters, in particular the nutrient content in the soil. All this ultimately affects the reliability and ef-fectiveness of decision making. However, even such information cannot provide the proper quality of technological operations in accordance with the agrobiological state of the soil environment. In this re-gard, there is an urgent need for the development and study of a methodology for managing the devel-opment of complex agrotechnical systems for special purposes in modern crop production technologies, the use of data that make it possible to ensure a given quality when performing a technological opera-tion. Based on the systematization of knowledge about managing the development of complex special-purpose systems, the features of their functioning in modern conditions, the directions of improving the management methodology, the principles of constructing a complex of methodological support for man-agement are determined, which implement closed cycles of developing control decisions and the organic relationship of long-term and current planning. As examples of complex special-purpose agrotechnical systems in this work, we use: agronomic (aerospace) monitoring systems for agricultural soils, precision farming systems using modern space navigation systems, and electrical conductivity monitoring sys-tems for agricultural soils.

МЕТОД СИНТЕЗА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ КОНТРОЛЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНО-РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ СВЯЗИ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ

The work is devoted to the development of an intelligent control system for geographically distributed communications systems of special purpose. The relevance of the study is caused by the fact that the evolutionary development of controlled telecommunications systems, on the example of special-purpose communication complexes characterized by a changing nature, application conditions in the course of their operation, large coverage and territorial distribution, structural, topological, as well as space-time heterogeneity should be taken into account and correlated with systems for monitoring their technical condition, taking into account the development of basic artificial intelligence technologies, which is conceptually important in the short term. Method of synthesis of intelligent control system characterized by multilevel architecture of construction and functioning, depending on the degree of emergency situation, in mode of express and complete control is presented, which involves use of databases (knowledge) and adaptation of control processes to the effects of destabilizing factors. The work shows the approach to processes of proactive inspection of parameters of objects, consists in adaptive adjustment of preventive tolerances for checked parameters and use of adaptive mechanisms for polling intelligent sensors based on polling models; taking into account the correlation of actuation of a group of sensors within the control object in emergency situations and contributing to an increase in the speed of recording and transmitting the alarm signal, and reducing redundancy of measurement information in the measurement path of the monitoring system. As a result of the synthesis of a multilevel intelligent control system, the system architecture is proposed, which allows determining the most rational ratio of measuring channels (intelligent sensors, analog-to-digital converters, sampling and storage devices), taking into account the noise immunity and throughput of measuring paths, as well as the required number of communication channels. The multi-level monitoring system architecture allows analysis of measuring information (alarms) at the sensor level of the system and online analysis of streaming data (telemetry messages) to quickly detect cases of possible failures, predict the residual resource of equipment of special-purpose communication systems.

METHOD FOR ASSESSING OF RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS IN DESIGNING OF FAILURERESISTANT REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS

For many years, real-time OS-based applications have been used in embedded special-purpose systems. Recently they have been used everywhere, from on-board control systems for aircraft, to household appliances. The development of multiprocessor computing systems usually aims to increase either the level of reliability or the level of system performance to values that are inaccessible or difficult to implement in traditional computer systems. In the first case, the question of the availability of special means of ensuring the fault tolerance of computer systems arises, the main feature (and advantage) of which is the absence of any single resource, failure of which leads to a fatal failure of the entire system. The use of a real-time operating system is always associated with equipment, with an object and with events occurring at an object. A real-time system, as a hardware-software complex, includes sensors that record events at an object, input / output modules that convert sensor readings into a digital form suitable for processing these readings on a computer, and finally, a computer with a program that responds to events occurring at the facility. The RTOS is focused on processing external events. It is this that leads to fundamental differences (compared with general-purpose OS) in the structure of the system as well as in the functions of the kernel and in the construction of the input-output system. The RTOS can be similar in its user interface to general-purpose operating systems, but it is completely different in its structure. In addition, the use of RTOS is always specific. If users (not developers) usually perceive a general-purpose OS as a ready-made set of applications, then the RTOS serves only as a tool for creating a specific hardware-software complex in real time. Therefore, the widest class of users of RTOS is the developers of real-time complexes, people designing control and data collection systems. When designing and developing a specific real-time system, the programmer always knows exactly what events can occur at the facility, and he knows the critical terms for servicing each of these events. We call a real-time system (SRV) a hardware-software complex that responds in predictable times to an unpredictable stream of external events. The system must have time to respond to the event that occurred at the facility, during the time critical for this event. The critical time for each event is determined by the object and by the event itself, and, of course, it can be different, but the response time of the system must be predicted (calculated) when creating the system. Lack of response at the predicted time is considered an error for real-time systems. The system must have time to respond to simultaneously occurring events. Even if two or more external events occur simultaneously, the system must have time to respond to each of them during time intervals critical for these events. In this study, as part of a network fault-tolerant technology, the RTOS becomes a special type of control software that is used to organize the operation of embedded applications, which are characterized by limited memory resources, low productivity and the requirements of a guaranteed response time (T<4 μs), high level availability and availability of auto-monitoring facilities.

Удосконалений метод розрахунку пропускної спроможності системи зв’язку спеціального призначення на інформаційних напрямках

One of the most actual scientific challenges in the area of military command while conducting an operation for the special-purpose communication system is the real-time data transmission in accordance with requirements for the service quality standards. This is because a great number of data flows are transmitted through the network, whose resource has to be apportioned between those flows. As the data to be transmitted differ in their nature and significance the mechanisms are necessary which should solve the problem of allocating the resource promptly and in accordance with characteristics of the data flows being transmitted at a specific point of time through the specific special-purpose nodes. Such mechanisms for the authorities planning the special-purpose communications systems have to be based on the enhances methods of resource allocation having high-degree scalability, operating speed, flexibility, low operating complexity and resource intensity.

Безперервні динамічні моделі надійності програмного забезпечення інформаційно-управляючих систем спеціального призначення

The possibility of using continuous dynamic models to assess the reliability of special-purpose information management systems is considered. With the achievement of high reliability, modern technology becomes efficient and competitive. It is the reliability indicator that the derivatives will be other, equally important indicators - quality, survivability, safety, availability - and these are the main indicators that determine the effectiveness of special-purpose information and control systems. The overwhelming majority of research in this direction highlights the concept of software reliability, because when applying the concepts of reliability to software, one should take into account the features and differences of these objects from traditional technical systems for which the theory of reliability was originally developed. The fundamental difference between programs and technology, and technical systems in particular, is that the program does not wear out over time, but rather, errors that were not found earlier are detected, the software improves and improves over time.

Development of an algorithm for complex processing of geospatial data in the special-purpose geoinformation system in conditions of diversity and uncertainty of data

The algorithm of complex processing of geospatial data in special-purpose geoinformation systems in the conditions of diversity and uncertainty of data is developed. The novelty of the algorithm is to ensure the functioning of the geoinformation system in conditions of scarcity of computing resources, taking into account the uncertainty about the status of the monitoring object (exploration object). This algorithm takes into account the coefficient of relative significance of occurring events in the processing of geospatial data circulating in the special-purpose geoinformation system. The proposed algorithm uses the developed complex indicator of occurring events, which characterizes the probability of performing the tasks by the geoinformation system, the completeness of their solution for the management cycle and taking into account the significance of emerging events. Complementary approaches to resource management of special-purpose geoinformation systems are proposed. The development of the proposed algorithm is due to the need to increase the speed of processing various types of information in geoinformation systems with acceptable computational complexity. The proposed algorithm allows to increase the efficiency of geoinformation systems due to complex processing of geospatial data circulating in it. This algorithm should be used in the development of software for special-purpose geoinformation systems to improve their efficiency by increasing the speed of information processing in special-purpose geoinformation systems. The proposed algorithm improves the processing speed of information in special-purpose geoinformation systems from 16 to 20 % depending on the amount of information about the monitoring object

Аналіз спеціального програмного забезпечення ГІС інформаційної інфраструктури Міністерства оборони України

The Program for the Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2020 and the goals set out in the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine define the tasks of creating combat control systems (C4ISR) and defense planning (DRMIS). It is important to focus on the role of a geographic information system (GIS), as a common core in the process of interaction of these systems. These issues are mostly solved in the leading NATO countries, in particular, in their framework architectures. The information infrastructure has all the hallmarks of the Unified Information Environment of special-purpose systems, so the choice of platform is quite a challenge. The purpose of the article is to analyze and compare special software GIS-platforms for the highest level of information infrastructure of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. It is considered that GIS has the following properties: saving, organizing, editing and analyzing geographic data; includes visual abilities to reflect geographic information; has some GIS tools, or uses a GIS platform in its decision; distribution or processing of cartographic attribute data and data from other sources. To compare these properties, the general needs for GIS technology from the Ukrainian Defense Forces are defined. They are due to the creation of a joint GIS-core decision support system for the C4ISR type system (Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) and the DRMIS type defense management planning system. As a result of a comparative analysis of software platforms ArcGIS and QGIS with special software deployed on their basis, it was found that these platforms meet all the requirements for GIS with support for all key functions. However, using most advantages, it has been found that ArcGIS is the best choice. Even considering the option of paying for licenses, this will reduce the risks of providing further support.

OPTIMIZATION METHOD BASED ON THE SYNTHESIS OF CLONAL SELECTION AND ANNEALING SIMULATION ALGORITHMS

Context. The problem of increasing the efficiency of optimization methods by synthesizing metaheuristics is considered. The object of the research is the process of finding a solution to optimization problems. Objective. The goal of the work is to increase the efficiency of searching for a quasi-optimal solution at the expense of a metaheuristic method based on the synthesis of clonal selection and annealing simulation algorithms. Method. The proposed optimization method improves the clonal selection algorithm by dynamically changing based on the annealing simulation algorithm of the mutation step, the mutation probability, the number of potential solutions to be replaced. This reduces the risk of hitting the local optimum through extensive exploration of the search space at the initial iterations and guarantees convergence due to the focus of the search at the final iterations. The proposed optimization method makes it possible to find a conditional minimum through a dynamic penalty function, the value of which increases with increasing iteration number. The proposed optimization method admits non-binary potential solutions in the mutation operator by using the standard normal distribution instead of the uniform distribution. Results. The proposed optimization method was programmatically implemented using the CUDA parallel processing technology and studied for the problem of finding the conditional minimum of a function, the optimal separation problem of a discrete set, the traveling salesman problem, the backpack problem on their corresponding problem-oriented databases. The results obtained allowed to investigate the dependence of the parameter values on the probability of mutation. Conclusions. The conducted experiments have confirmed the performance of the proposed method and allow us to recommend it for use in practice in solving optimization problems. Prospects for further research are to create intelligent parallel and distributed computer systems for general and special purposes, which use the proposed method for problems of numerical and combinatorial optimization, machine learning and pattern recognition, forecast.

ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF FORMATION OF MEASURING SIGNALS FOR THE CONTROL OF NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT BY MARINE TRANSPORT MEANS

The article presents the results of the analysis of the existing methods of forming measuring signals for monitoring the technical condition of navigation systems and systems for controlling the movement of ships on the example of radio systems. The results of the analysis of measuring signal generation methods for monitoring the technical condition of navigation systems and systems for controlling marine traffic, existing methods for measuring signals synthesis, allowed determining their shortcomings and substantiating the scientific problem of controlling the technical condition of navigation systems and systems for controlling marine traffic during actual condition. The necessity of implementation for determining the technical condition of navigation systems and complexes and controlling the movement of sea vessels of means of synthesizing polyharmonic measuring signals with improved characteristics is substantiated. Among certain advantages from using such signals, the most significant are a significant reduction in the time allotted for measuring parameters, increasing the calibration interval, improving the accuracy of reproducing a waveform, improving noise immunity and determining the parameters of special-purpose radio systems that are monitored their technical condition. The results of the work will allow solving the scientific problem of ensuring the reliability of control of the technical condition of navigation systems and systems and control of the movement of sea vessels with optimal temporal characteristics to ensure the timeliness and efficiency of determining possible failures during their operation and maintenance according to the actual condition. Therefore, it is proposed to use polyharmonic measuring signals to automate the process of monitoring the technical condition of navigation systems and systems for controlling the movement of marine transport means.

A Brawny hybrid FOFPID in MODA controller in HEVs

ABSTRACTControl system is the vital integrant in proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. The controllers are also planted in many special-purpose control systems. PID controller is often combined with logic, sequential functions, selectors, and simple function blocks to build the complicated automation systems used for energy production, transportation, and manufacturing. In the existing process, PID controller controls water level, speed, temperature, etc. Some of the issues arise while using PID controller can be easily solved by integrating fuzzy or with some other soft computing techniques. The major difficulty in PID controller is feedback system, with constant parameters and no direct knowledge of the process. Our proposed methodology has been introduced to control the speed of highly nonlinear hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) having an electronic throttle control system in the cascade control loop. In recent PID controllers, no such specific tuning methods are applicable. The proposed method uses fractional order fuzzy PID nonlinear controller that is used in the cascade control loop. Aging leader and challenger-aided multi-objective dragonfly algorithm is considered for controller optimization in closed loop. It is employed to enhance the gain of the controller for the reduction of integral absolute error, maximum overshoot, settling time elimination of disturbance, uncertainty model, and control HEVs.

Estimation of the boundaries of the region of stable functioning of elements of special-purpose information systems characteristic

In article the methods of imitating modeling realized in the conditions of ensuring unity and the required accuracy of results at assessment of stability of functioning of information structure of security system in the conditions of negative impacts are considered. Assessment of stability of functioning of information structure of security system in the conditions of negative impacts is initially made on the basis of development of model of information exchange of elements of information structures of security systems and negative impacts which is constructed on the basis of the set-theoretic approach allowing not only to describe features of creation of elements of the considered structures, but also to carry out formalization of process of functioning of models of security complexes in the form of creation of the discrete (matrix and vector) model differing in classifications of set of threats. On condition of the continuity of temporary parameters as information systems in the conditions of negative impacts it is possible to present process of functioning of information structures of security systems in the form of the integrated (dynamic) model constructed with use of the differential equations describing conditions of her elements that allows to estimate, in turn, borders of field of steady management of processes of interaction of the specified sets.

Generation of singlet oxygen when radiation interacts with molecular structures: review

This paper is devoted to the investigation of singlet-oxygen generation processes in solutions, suspensions, and solid-phase structures of fullerenes and other carbon structures, and on the surface of metal oxides and sulfides, as well as in the absence of photosensitizers, by the direct excitation of encounter complexes of molecular oxygen with the environment when test samples are irradiated by the light of pulsed and continuous optical pumping. This involves studying both singlet-oxygen generation processes and excited-state quenching mechanisms. The singlet-oxygen generation efficiency achieved in this project can be of practical interest both for physical-and-engineering systems such as a fullerene–oxygen–iodine laser and for a number of other usages of singlet oxygen—in particular, for biology and medicine and for systems for the cleaning and decontamination of air—both household systems and special-purpose systems.

Analysis of molecular dynamics simulations of 10-residue peptide, chignolin, using statistical mechanics: Relaxation mode analysis and three-dimensional reference interaction site model theory.

Molecular dynamics simulation is a fruitful tool for investigating the structural stability, dynamics, and functions of biopolymers at an atomic level. In recent years, simulations can be performed on time scales of the order of milliseconds using special purpose systems. Since the most stable structure, as well as meta-stable structures and intermediate structures, is included in trajectories in long simulations, it is necessary to develop analysis methods for extracting them from trajectories of simulations. For these structures, methods for evaluating the stabilities, including the solvent effect, are also needed. We have developed relaxation mode analysis to investigate dynamics and kinetics of simulations based on statistical mechanics. We have also applied the three-dimensional reference interaction site model theory to investigate stabilities with solvent effects. In this paper, we review the results for designing amino-acid substitution of the 10-residue peptide, chignolin, to stabilize the misfolded structure using these developed analysis methods.

Assessment techniques for psychophysiological state of special purpose systems operators

Assessment techniques for psychophysiological state of special purpose systems operators

Basic principles for the approval of elective parameters of the adaptive surface of collected vehicles of special purpose

The use of wheeled vehicles of special purpose systems pidresoryuvannya relevant class production cars leads, at best, with output down some of its elements. Therefore, there is a need to create a system of sprinkling with such power characteristics, which on the one hand would as much as possible satisfy the ergonomic conditions, and on the other hand - provided special characteristics (stability of motion, permeability, controllability, high efficiency of driving east, maneuverability when changing the location of personal warehouse). To substantiate the choice of the main power parameters of wheeled vehicles with an adaptive sprinkler system, a mathematical model of vertical fluctuations of its submersible part during a movement along the path with an arbitrary placed system of inequalities is constructed. It represents non-autonomic nonlinear differential equations of the second order. For the latter, a method for constructing the first approximation of the asymptotic solution is developed. The method is based on the general provisions of perturbation methods and the idea of using special periodic Ateb-functions for constructing the solutions of some classes of nonlinear differential equations. In the aggregate, the above resulted in obtaining analytical relations that describe the determining parameters of oscillations of the submerged part of the vehicles during the movement by means of a system of randomly placed inequalities. By analyzing the latter, in particular, it was found that the amplitude of the output of single inequalities for larger lengths of the latter is greater, and for smaller inequalities at higher speeds of the KTZSP. The obtained analytical dependencies can serve as the basis for the choice of the main power parameters of an adaptive suspension, which would minimize the dynamic loads on people and goods transported.

Real-time study of high-cycle fatigue damage using the averaged speckle dynamics

The theory of the method permitting a study of damage accumulation in high-cycle fatigue of reflecting and transparent objects using the time-averaged speckle images is briefly discussed. The formulas that relate the relative displacement vector of the scattering centres to the time-average intensity and the temporal autocorrelation function of this intensity at some observation point are presented. A technique identifying the component of the relative displacement vector as local plastic deformations emerge during fatigue testing is discussed. The issue of real-time recording and processing of the speckle images using the conventional personal computers and special-purpose video systems with function-oriented processors based on homogenous computing environment is discussed. Processors with homogenous architecture allow assurance of the highest possible image processing performance within the order of 10-teraflops/s. The specimens, the optical system, the equipment for fatigue testing, the USB camera and the software used in high-cycle fatigue experiments are discussed. The possibilities and prospects for application of this technique and equipment in evaluation of the remaining life of some object types are discussed.