Energy Production Systems Research Articles

Technical and economic evaluation, comparison and optimization of a Carnot battery with two different layouts

Integrating energy storage systems into electricity distribution systems can improve flexibility, stability and reliability. This issue becomes even more important in renewable resources-assisted energy production systems; because such systems are less reliable due to the intermittent nature of renewable resources. Carnot battery energy storage is a relatively new and emerging approach that is able to solve many challenges of available storage technologies (cost and geographical dependencies). In this regard, in the present article a Carnot battery based on pumped thermal energy storage system (PTESS), organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and vapor heat pump (VHP) has been assessment and discussed in two different modes from the perspectives of thermodynamics, exergy, costing and optimization. In the first case, both charge and discharge modes have a waste heat recovery process (using a regenerator). However, in the latter case, both mentioned modes do not have a waste heat recovery process. Therefore, the purpose of the current article is to examine and compare two different modes of a Carnot battery. Additionally, the minimum value of Levelized cost of storage (LCOS) (as an objective problem) is determined based on the artificial bee colony algorithm. The outcomes revealed that at 120 °C, the LCOS and net investing cost values for the considered storage configuration were almost 0.293 USD/kWh and 5450 thousand USD. Furthermore, a comparison of the considered storage configuration with the no-regenerators mode confirmed that the embedding of regenerators in both the charge and discharge sub-cycles could reduce the LCOS value by nearly 10 %.

Piezoelectric Textile Facade for the energy supply of active sensor technology with regard to data management for circular economy in building construction

The high GWP potential of construction requires a holistic approach such as circular economy. Currently, common joining, construction and planning practices result in heterogeneous assemblies of different components that are difficult to deconstruct. Furthermore, there is currently little information and data on building components used and the climatic impacts on them. In this context and with the intention of recording long-term (circular) processes in construction, the Piezo-Klett basic research project (FFG no. 879459) funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) deals with the energy supply of active sensor technology in construction by combining the hook and loop fastener with piezoelectric components. The aim is to open new perspectives on sustainable energy production systems by transforming buildings into energy carriers and generators, analogous to a “battery”. To this purpose, the result presented in this conference paper is a description of the constructive structure (climatic impacts, construction, piezo technology) of a “Piezoelectric Textile Facade” as well as test results on piezo tapes. This opens new possibilities in the context of the application of hook-and-loop fasteners, the energy supply of active sensor technologies as well as in the field of data acquisition and data management.

Historical Buildings Potential to Power Urban Electromobility: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) Microgrids

The growing need for electric energy is forcing the construction industry to greater integrate energy production systems based on renewable energy sources. The energy ought to be used not only to support functions of the building but also to charge electric vehicles, whose number has been increasing for the last few years. However, implementation of RES (Renewable Energy Sources) systems in already existing buildings is problematic. Basing on an example of a historical building, the article presents the conversion of a facility into a nearly zero-energy building, where energy surplus may be used to charge EVs (Electric Vehicles). Interdisciplinary research describes energy consumption of the EV in real driving conditions, taking into consideration changing weather conditions and an option of energy being produced by buildings operating in an urban agglomeration: it stipulates the time needed to charge the vehicle, depending on the charging We removed dot, according to email in submitting system, please confirm.method, as well as an energy potential of adapting the solution in selected periods of building operation. The summary presents how electromobility can be supported by the construction industry.

Applicable Smart City Strategies for a Smart Sustainable City to Ensure Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Integration: Casablanca Case Study

A Smart city is essentially expected to diminish the utilization of assets and upgrade efficiencies. In practically any region, effectiveness brings about energy saving, diminished energy force, supportable monetary turn of events, upgraded usefulness, a safeguarded climate, and in particular, participation with the environmental change fight. In spite of the fact that financial plan, innovation, and the necessary framework are significant imperatives for helpless urban areas to accomplish shrewd and economical city objectives, the advantages of brilliant urban areas are numerous for helpless urban areas contrasted with creating and created urban areas. Helpless urban areas accomplish worked on living conditions, security, wellbeing, financial turn of events, administration, and personal satisfaction as well as accomplishing supportable energy objectives, and this study tries to distinguish those shrewd sustainable power and energy production systems that are monetarily achievable and in fact relevant in helpless urban communities. Renewable energies are a sustainable, unlimited, and decarbonized solution to address future energy challenges. In this context, Morocco has considerable lead vantage to position itself on this promising market. Furthermore, renewable energies have been highlighted as a key strategic source for the country’s green growth. Morocco has adopted the renewable energy path through a strategy targeted at the development of solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to boost its energy policy by adapting it to the challenges posed by today’s world. Nowadays, Morocco is facing a challenge to reach 52% by 2030 of its total renewable energy capacity, which will exceed 42% by the end of 20221

Shared Energy System Construction Scheme of PV Array and Energy Storage Technology

My country's ecological and environmental problems are fundamentally the problems of high-carbon energy structure and high-energy-consuming, high-carbon industrial structure, which must must be solved from the source of energy structure and industrial structure transformation and upgrading. Energy consumption patterns for operation, production and living, build a high-level energy and resource-saving society, further strengthen the intensive and efficient use of fossil energy, improve the electrification level of the whole society, and build a cleaner and more efficient green and low-carbon energy production, supply and consumption system. On this basis, we propose a shared energy system construction plan of photovoltaic array and energy storage technology: taking electricity as the main energy, combining the park's photovoltaic energy storage system with shared energy storage to achieve source-grid-load-storage Coordinated and optimized to meet the user's own electricity demand and the rational use of energy.

Bypass diode effect and photovoltaic parameter estimation under partial shading using a hill climbing neural network algorithm

In recent decades, population growth and industrial evolution have led to a significant increase in the need to produce electricity. Photovoltaic energy has assumed a key role in responding to this need, mainly due to its low cost and reduced environmental impact. Therefore, predicting and controlling photovoltaic power is an indispensable task nowadays. This paper studies how photovoltaic power can be affected under non-uniform irradiance conditions, i.e., when the photovoltaic energy production system is under partial shading. Concretely, the effect of bypass diodes on the current-voltage characteristic curve, according to the shaded area, was studied and the power loss under partial shading was quantified. In addition, electrical characteristics and the temperature distribution in the photovoltaic module were analyzed. Furthermore, we propose a hill climbing neural network algorithm to precisely estimate the parameters of the single-diode and double-diode models under partial shading conditions and, consequently, predict the photovoltaic power output. Different shading scenarios in an outdoor photovoltaic system were created to experimentally study how partial shading of a photovoltaic module affects the current-voltage characteristic curve. Six shading patterns of a single cell were examined, as well as three shading patterns of cells located in one or more strings. The hill climbing neural network algorithm was experimentally validated with standard datasets and different shading scenarios. The results show that the hill climbing neural network algorithm can find highly accurate solutions with low computational cost and high reliability. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrates that the proposed approach has an excellent performance and can be a promising method in estimating the photovoltaic model parameters under partial shading conditions.

VaclavSmilHow the World Really Works: A Scientist's Guide to Our Past, Present and FuturePenguin, 2022, 325 p., $28.00.

VaclavSmilHow the World Really Works: A Scientist's Guide to Our Past, Present and FuturePenguin, 2022, 325 p., $28.00.

Abstract P3048: Establishing The Mitochondrial Citrate Transporter As A Regulator Of Cardiac Development

Introduction: Mitochondria are essential to provide oxidative energy to fuel excitation-contraction coupling of the postnatal heart. The role of mitochondrial energy production systems in the hypoxic environment of the embryonic heart is less clear, but defects in mitochondrial energy production machinery are associated with ventricular wall defects such as left ventricular noncompaction. In developing models to study mitochondrial function specifically in the postnatal mouse heart, we uncovered an unexpected embryonic-lethal knockout model that suggested roles for mitochondrial function in heart development. Uncovering mechanisms connecting mitochondrial function to the tightly regulated process of ventricular wall morphogenesis could reveal novel roles for mitochondria during development and guide further studies of developmental heart defects. Hypothesis: The mitochondrial citrate carrier (SLC25A1), a mitochondrial inner membrane transporter implicated in regulating mitochondrial function in neurons, is essential for ventricular wall morphogenesis and cardiac development. Methods and Results: We investigated the role of the mitochondrial citrate carrier (SLC25A1) in cardiac development. Slc25a1 knockout mice display impaired growth and do not survive past embryonic day (E) 18.5. Hearts from E18.5 Slc25a1 knockout embryos display a striking array of cardiac malformations including persistence of an expanded zone of trabeculated myocardium, reduced compact myocardium, and ventricular septal defects. Analysis of mitochondrial structure and function revealed that loss of Slc25a1 causes mitochondrial ultrastructural defects and depressed mitochondrial respiration. Conclusions: Our results highlight a novel role for SLC25A1 in cardiac development with specific roles in regulating both ventricular wall development and mitochondrial energetics during heart morphogenesis. Ongoing work will identify the mechanisms by which SLC25A1—a mitochondrial transporter that is not a primary component of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system—regulates mitochondrial energetics, which will help us delineate new pathways connecting mitochondria to heart development.

Renewable hydrogen production perspective in Serbia via biogas generated from food processing wastewaters

Renewable hydrogen produced from the waste streams can be a good option for clean energy production and reduction of greenhouse gases emissions into the environment. In this study, the potential for hydrogen production from the food industry wastewaters in Serbia and the further use of the calculated potentials were investigated. This was performed through two technological routes including the biogas steam reforming process and the electrolysis after biogas cogeneration process. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of these processes were considered. The total hydrogen potential via the biogas steam reforming process was 4094.70 tons, while the total hydrogen potential via the electrolysis after biogas cogeneration process was 1751.08 tons. These potentials can be used for direct energy production in the food industry, electricity production for the national electric grid, transport, injection in the natural gas grid and/or as a resource in the chemical industry. Regarding the Greenhouse Gas emissions reduction, hydrogen production by both routes represents a promising pathway. The results of this work can serve the decision makers to plan hydrogen application in the energy sector of the Republic of Serbia defining supporting measures for its application. Also, the presented analysis is enforceable in the Western Balkan countries for the application of hydrogen as an energy source in their systems for energy production, transport and economy.

Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems – A Short Review

Electrochemical energy production systems – including fuel cells and electrolyzers – are vital technologies to address energy security and environmental demands. Also, their combination for improved performance is essential for future commercial applications. However, their real utilization (and integration with other alternative energy sources) goes beyond efficiency; large-scale penetration of renewable energy in the existing electrical grid systems is challenging due to destabilization possibility. Thus, electrochemical energy storage systems (e.g., electrochemical supercapacitors) are necessary for managing power generation intermittency and grid reliability. Therefore, this ultra-short review provides a brief overview of some of the most promising electrochemical devices for electrochemical energy production and storage for future systems in an engagement scenario.

Residential renewable energy adoption. Does financial literacy matter?

Clean energy production systems are the most effective and sustainable ways of protecting the natural environment from pollution. Sadly, fossil fuels remain a significant energy source in most emerging economies primarily due to financial challenges. Using Ghana's renewable energy policy initiatives as a case analysis, the study adopted a multiple-stage random sampling approach to sample household heads (N = 413) across two regions in Ghana to assess the adoption of renewable energies' impact of financial literacy among urban households by applying the two-stage residual inclusion technique. The study's findings depict that household income and RE cost are more significant variables impacting RE adoption, whereas the focal study variable, i.e., financial literacy, has some positive effect but at a lower level than these two variables (household income and RE cost). The heterogeneous analysis regarding household income level shows that financial literacy increases the ability to adopt renewable energy in high-income households than low-income households, confirming the significant impact of household income on RE adoption. The study results imply that policymakers in low-income countries should provide tax incentives for importers of renewable energy products/appliances and subsidize the prices for consumers to improve renewable energy technology use. Also, the provision of job opportunities and income diversification strategies education to improve household incomes should be a priority. Moreover, financial literacy through financial education programs in the formal education sector and the mass media to improve citizens' financial skills and knowledge should be prioritized. These recommendations have the potential to advance the financial and economic wellbeing of citizens in facilitating renewable energy transition.

Environmental assessment of medium-size solar organic Rankine Cycle cogeneration plants

The development of new clean energy production systems is one of the research priorities in the energy sector. There are numerous works that evaluate the efficiency of new energy production plants from the environmental point of view. Among them, large-scale Concentrated Solar Power plants occupy a relevant place. However, medium-size plants, between 100 KW and 10 MW, have not been evaluated as intensively, resulting in a lack of knowledge in the estimation and dissemination of inventory data and environmental assessments, especially those including Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). This work evaluates the environmental impacts caused by two solar ORC cogeneration plants that supply electrical and cooling energy for a shopping centre located in Zaragoza (Spain), using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. One system is hybridized with a biomass boiler and the ORC operates at full load, the second one is not hybridized and the ORC can operate at partial load depending the availability of the solar energy. The selected life cycle impact assessment methods are Global Warming Potential, ReCiPe 2016, and Cumulative Energy Demand. The results allow for evaluating and comparing the environmental loads of the two medium size cogeneration systems in order to help different stakeholders to make well-informed decisions with regard to the environment. The system without hybridization presents better environmental performance in all the applied methods, 76.7 % of CO2 emissions, 67.5% of environmental impacts according to ReciPe and 5.7% of cumulative energy demand with respect to the system with hybridization. The findings show the importance of the impacts caused during the manufacturing phase of the equipment, which are more relevant than those produced during the operation phase of the plants for all environmental indicators analysed.

Understanding social innovation activities for energy transition: Evidence from experiences of social innovation agents in South Korea

Even though social innovations activities have been garnering global interest, their implications on energy transition remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to define social innovation activities that can support energy transition. We interviewed 19 social innovation agents, and the grounded theory (GT) method was applied to define the social innovation activities applicable for energy transition through inductive reasoning. Our results revealed that social innovation activities for energy transition could be defined as the entire interaction process between the pragmatic actions of agents and the participation of citizens. Notably, social innovation activities for energy transition could increase citizen participation and help economies to transition from conventional to alternative energy production and use systems. Thus, these activities lead to significant changes in the behaviors and attitudes of citizens, which are the prime factors when incorporating a subsequent structural change. Our study can provide a reliable framework to understand social innovation activities for energy transition and guide both agents and policy practitioners in decision-making, to improve and smoothen energy transition in South Korea.

Improved control for DFIG based wind power system under voltage dips using ADRC optimized by genetic algorithms

Many countries have focused on the study of the electrical energy production using wind generators. These studies include maintaining the production under disturbed conditions at the grid connection point of wind farms, and maintaining production during voltage dips. Electrical grid operators have established different requirements for connecting renewable energy production systems to electrical grids. In this research paper, we are interested in the study of the wind power system based on the Doubly Fed Induction Generator during a voltage dip. We are also developing a control approach based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control and Genetic Algorithms, which aims to control the stator flux variations which should be taken into account during the current controllers computing. This control strategy will allow the wind power system to remain connected to the grid under voltage dips, and to resume the normal operation after the fault disappearance. The model of the wind power system and the proposed control strategy, are tested in the MATLAB-Simulink software.

Review on 2D Arsenene and Antimonene: Emerging Materials for Energy, Electronic and Biological Applications

AbstractMonoelemental 2D materials such as arsenene (As) and antimonene (Sb) are creating great interest in materials research (since 2014) for designing various optoelectronic devices, energy production, and storage systems such as sensors, electrically modifiable displays, transistors, and catalysts owing to their unique properties like high surface area, optical, electrical, mechanical properties, and bio‐compatibility. Here in, an attempt has been made to write a comprehensive review on recent progress of monoelemental arsenene and antimonene focusing on tuning of properties through various techniques and their potential applications in different fields. The review is designed to explain the fundamental structures and properties in the beginning, followed by different preparation methods like exfoliation, ball milling, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, and plasma‐assisted synthesis. Furthermore, the details on density functional theory studies of As an Sb and their applications in various fields such as photocatalysis, electronic and optoelectronic fields, solar cells, hydrogen evolution reaction, supercapacitors, batteries, biological applications, sensing, and electrochemical devices are reported.

An experimentation on the limits and potential of Renewable Energy Communities in the built city: buildings and proximity open spaces for energy decentralization

Energy Transition commonly refers to changes during the time of a specific geographical unit, but rarely considers changes in the spatial organization of the energy system and how urban area, place and scale can shape it. Considering the geographies of a low-carbon energy transition means not only understanding and mapping the consequences of the policies implemented in a place, but also assuming some significant implications, such as the spatial differences of places and the interactions that take place within them at different scales, thus activating creative processes of change.In this context, the paper explores the potentialities and limitations of decentralized energy production systems in urban environments. With the aim of implementing climate mitigation actions, it analyzes how the structure and the spatial organization of some different built-up urban districts in Rome can affect the configuration and the sizing of a decentralized renewable energy production system.The results of the first analysis in the pilot cases of Testaccio, Balduina and Prima Porta show the impact of scale difference on the configuration of Renewable Energy Communities. Investigating how the organization of the built-up urban districts can influence the decentralized energy system, the paper highlights not only the supply of renewable energy but also the balance between demand and supply of energy for different local uses and the reciprocal role between buildings and proximity open spaces could have a key role in the urban energy transition process. Inevitably, this balancing act will depend on the specific characteristics of the urban patterns and, therefore, each urban landscape will condition the organization of the energy system.

A Review – Home Renewable Energy Management Systems in Smart Grids

This paper presents a review on the Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) for renewable energy production and used optimization methods. The HEMS is an important Smart Grid application. It is used to monitor and optimally manage the energy flows in buildings including renewable energy production, energy storage and smart home appliances. In this paper, two different methods for the optimal HEMS are selected and compared: Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). As a conclusion, the RL method can overcome the disadvantages of the MCP in the highly dynamic environment of buildings and renewable energies, and is a promising method for HEMS in Smart Grids. Finally, an experimental set-up of the hybrid renewable energy system is presented and its operation is discussed under the Time-of-Use energy management strategy.

The Viability of Energy Transition Companies

Various phases of economic development have been characterized by traditional energy transition from one predominant energy source to another. However, S&P Global, (2020) refers to Energy Transition as a global energy sector shifting from a fossil fuel-based system of energy production and consumption, including crude oil and natural gas, coal to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, as well as lithium-ion batteries. The production and consumption of fossil fuel energies contribute disproportionately to global GHG emissions, with undesirable effects on a widespread, rapid, and intensifying climate change. To achieve a low carbon economy, society needs to deliberately reduce the use of fossil fuels. This has translated to energy supply uncertainties, posing substantial investment risk for energy suppliers and investors. On the other hand, these challenges have also created opportunities to produce and consume energy in a sustainable manner. This paper reviewed various reasoning on financial viability of energy transition companies, attributes, and its theoretical basis, with supported practice of Orsted Energy’s enterprises to put forward several directions for further study. In this regard, the viability of transition from oil and gas companies to renewable energy companies by Orsted Energy, was analysed. Financial statements collected from Orsted Energy Company’s website from the period 2013 to 2020. From the data, Orsted Energy's financial performance highlighting its profitability, revenue, and leverage metrics were critically reviewed to appreciate the financial viability of Orsted Energy. This shows that Orsted Energy displayed strong financial viability since its flip energy transition strategy. Therefore, enablers for energy transition were deduced from the findings, whereby seek to inform policymakers, emerging and existing energy services providers for decision making to further achieve the Net-zero target in 2050. Keywords: Energy Transition, Financial Performance, Orsted Energy, Renewable Energy, and Conventional Energy . DOI: 10.7176/JETP/12-2-05 Publication date: July 30 th 2022

Path Dependence in Energy System and Ecological Footprint in Pakistan: Evidence from Time Series Data

Path dependence refers to the consumption of fossil fuels in energy production system. This study empirically examines the effect of path dependence in energy systems on ecological footprint of Pakistan from 1981-2014. Unit root test determines the integrated order of variables, while Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model investigates the existence of a long-run association between variables. The negative and significant speed of adjustment coefficient ensures the adjustment of the model used in long run after unexpected shocks. Fossil fuel consumption significantly increases ecological footprint in Pakistan. If fossil fuel consumption increases by 1 percent, ecological footprint rises by 2.07 percent. Increase in biocapacity increases ecological footprint by 1.1 percent. Urbanization and population density significantly decrease ecological footprint as 1 percent increase in population density decreases ecological footprint by 0.96 percent and one percent rise in urbanization reduces ecological footprint by 3.28 percent. Foreign direct investment does not show any significant association with the ecological footprint. Standard diagnostic tests support the empirical results of the study and confirm that no heteroscedasticity and serial correlation exists. The policy implication is to implement measures to diminish the usage of fossil fuels in energy systems and increased usage of alternative and renewable energy sources. This can abate the burden on environment and biocapacity of Pakistan making it feasible to reduce ecological footprint levels in Pakistan.

Designing an automated control system for changing NPU energy release compensating for arising internal disturbing factors based on their approximation model

The necessity of keeping in working condition the sources of traditional electricity generation for dispatching the supply of electricity from the capacities of "green" electricity generation has been realized. Potentially, one of these sources may be nuclear power plants. An obstacle to their use as a participant in dispatching is the impossibility of maneuvering with power in a wide range. One of the reasons for limiting the range is the complexity of automatic compensation for the reactivity of the xenon oscillation reactor. Existing physical and mathematical models for calculating the parameters of processes in the reactor due to changes in its power because of its complexity cannot be used in operational automatic control systems. The task of constructing an approximation linear model of processes in the reactor in the form of a transfer function is set. To build an approximation model, the inverse problem is solved. The desired model is based on the condition of coincidence at some time interval of the results of solving it with the results of a detailed physical-mathematical model. To this end, a number of sequential actions are performed, including approximation of the results of the expanded physical-mathematical model using a series, the application of the Laplace transformation to this series, as well as Pade approximation obtained in the space of the images of the series. The method of control was proposed and an automatic control system (ACS) for energy production of nuclear power plant has been synthesized. To this end, the management system was integrated with the approximation model of the active zone, which provided the possibility for adjusting the quantitative degree of stability of the active zone. ACS consists of three control circuits. Such a structure has made it possible to compensate for the xenon oscillations that occur. Additionally, ACS reduces the movement of adjusting rods in the active zone, which reduces local power surges in nuclear fuel and leads to an increase in its durability