Emergency Response System Research Articles

Risk-based optimization of emergency response systems for accidental gas leakage in utility tunnels

Focusing on the effective configuration of emergency response systems in utility tunnels, this study proposes an innovative approach to optimize existing emergency response systems based on a consequence rapid prediction model and genetic algorithm. In the proposed approach, the interactions between different emergency response components are considered to perform a rapid gas dispersion prediction. Furthermore, the predicted gas concentration distribution is employed to estimate the quantitative explosion risks by combining the equivalent cloud method and the Baker-Strehlow model. Finally, the cumulative and cascading risk index are proposed and combined for systematic optimization by using a genetic algorithm. A case study is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the optimized emergency response systems effectively reduce both the cumulative and cascading risk level. This study provides technical support for emergency response system design and helps to improve the safety-risk-control capabilities of utility tunnels.

Construction Industry Causes of Injuries, Management of EMS and Its Impact on Public Health

Introduction: Injuries in construction are not a rare occurrence and cause a strain on the health care service. By having education on workplace hazards, trained first aiders, and an effective accident emergency response system, the occurrence of illness/injuries will reduce and hence the number of fatalities.
 The purpose of this research is the evaluation, epidemiology, management, diagnosis, treatment, systematization, and the results obtained about the construction industry for injury in life-threatening cases with trauma, reducing morbidity, disability, and mortality while increasing survival. Solving problems for severe traumas in the health system of Kosovo, such as with professional staff, doctors and nurses, dedicated spaces, medical equipment, drugs, consumables, poor diagnostics, non-decisional consultations, as well as their timely and timely delivery. seeks political health solutions to solve this problem.
 Material and Methods; In this retrospective study, we researched and analyzed the data of patients with construction-related injuries in ED treated from January-December 2021 
 Results; During the study period, we analyzed 75,899 ED patients. Of these, 420 cases, or 0.06% were injured. In the research, 420 cases of injuries were investigated, investigating all age groups arising from construction-related activities for 2021.
 Conclusion; To reduce workplace injuries an organization must carry out regular risk assessments, conduct physical assessments for demanding roles, provide safety and wellness training regularly, train and appoint first aid marshals, hire qualified workers, hire enough workers, keep workspaces clean and walkways clear, post proper signage, Provide adequate lighting, education and training on staff emergency response systems via courses BLS-D BTLS, PHTLS ATLS. 

A Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Maritime Search and Rescue Resource Allocation: An Application to the South China Sea

To effectively address the increase in maritime accidents and the challenges posed by the trend toward larger ships for maritime safety, it is crucial to rationally allocate the limited maritime search and rescue (MSAR) resources and enhance accident response capabilities. We present a comprehensive method for allocating MSAR resources, aiming to improve the overall efficiency of MSAR operations. First, we use long short-term memory to predict the number of future accidents and employ the K-medoids algorithm to identify the accident black spots in the studied area. Next, we analyze the multi-constraint conditions in the MSAR resource allocation process. A multi-objective integer programming model is constructed to minimize the response time and allocation cost. Finally, we use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (DNSGA-II) with Deb’s rules to solve the model, and we propose a multi-attribute decision optimization-based method for MSAR resource allocation. We found that the DNSGA-II exhibits better convergence and generates higher-quality solutions compared to the NSGA-II, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) algorithms. Compared with the existing MSAR resource emergency response system, the optimized scheme reduces the response time and allocation cost by 11.32% and 6.15%, respectively. The proposed method can offer decision makers new insights when formulating MSAR resource allocation plans.

A Comprehensive IoT-Based Bike Crash Detection and Emergency Response System for Enhanced Road Safety

Motorcycle travel, deemed one of the riskiest modes of transportation, faces a staggering fatality rate, with 212.7 deaths for every million miles travelled. Unlike enclosed vehicles, motorcycles expose riders to their surroundings, heightening the need for proactive safety measures. This paper explores the development and implementation of a Motorcycle Crash Detection and Alert System (MCDAS) utilizing the Multi-axes accelerometer. The system is designed to detect when a motorcycle falls and promptly alert emergency services and contacts via Firebase cloud. The study delves into the challenges posed by two-wheeled vehicle dynamics and outlines a novel collision detection algorithm tailored for motorcycles. This algorithm is validated against experimental evidence, providing a robust foundation for crash detection systems in this unique context. Additionally, the paper introduces a novel method for vehicle detection and tracking, employing thresholding, mathematical morphology treatment, and original labelling to enhance accuracy and reduce artifacts. In the context of road accidents, especially prevalent among two-wheelers, the paper presents a system that combines accelerometer data and a user's heartbeat sensor to assess the severity of accidents. This timely information triggers alerts to nearby medical centers and contacts through GSM and GPS modules, facilitating immediate medical aid. The Android application associated with the system not only sends text messages to medical centers and friends but also shares the precise accident location, significantly reducing response time. important contributions and heralds a new departure for the vehicle safety paradigm.

User-Centered Fire Emergency Response System Design for Presenting BIM and IoT Data

Advanced technologies, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT), can supply information for decision-making during a fire emergency. However, the data retrieved fails to cover all the critical knowledge required for situational awareness or fails to present to the users in a usable and effective way. This study aims to develop an effective user interface for a Fire Emergency Response System (FERS) based on BIM and IoT technologies to provide the information required for situational awareness. The study uses the User-Centered Design (UCD) method to achieve this aim and develops the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the FERS based on the identified information requirements. To evaluate the usability of the developed GUI and to finalize the design, the feedback from the experts was retrieved via recordings when they were using the prototype and a combined usability questionnaire of Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX) and After-Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ). The findings illustrate that the GUI successfully presented the information to meet the user goals and has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of fire responding operations and minimize the risk of loss of life and property damage.

Does the priority of ambulance guarantee no delay? a MIPSSTW model of emergency vehicle routing optimization considering complex traffic conditions for highway incidents.

Globally, traffic accidents on the highway network contribute significantly to a high fatality rate, drawing considerable attention from health institutions. The efficiency of transportation plays a vital role in mitigating the severe consequences of these incidents. This study delves into the issues of emergency vehicles experiencing delays despite having priority. Therefore, we construct mixed-integer linear programming with semi-soft time windows (MIPSSTW) model for optimizing emergency vehicle routing in highway incidents. We analyze the time-varying and complex traffic situations and respectively propose corresponding estimation approaches for the travel time of road segments, intersections on the urban road network, and ramp-weave sections on the highway network. Furthermore, we developed a modified cuckoo search(MCS) algorithm to solve this combinatorial problem. Optimization strategies of Lévy flight and dynamic inertial weight strategy are introduced to strengthen the exploration capability and the diversity of solution space of the CS algorithm. Computational experiments based on the Chinese emergency medical system data are designed to validate the efficacy and effectiveness of the MIPSSTW model and MCS algorithm. The results show that our works succeed in searching for high-quality solutions for emergency vehicle routing problems and enhance the efficacy of strategic decision-making processes in the realm of incident management and emergency response systems.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Medical Services

Emergency medical services (EMSs) are crucial to national health-care systems, facilitating the transfer of disaster, accident, and illness victims to hospitals or providing treatment in ambulances. During the COVID-19 pandemic, symptoms such as cough, fever, and throat discomfort significantly increased EMS calls in Israel, indicative of the virus’s impact. Concurrently, there was a notable rise in mental health-related calls and nonhospitalization incidents. As countries implemented social distancing and “stay-at-home” orders to reduce virus transmission and health-care system strain, several changes occurred in social behaviors and emergency response systems. This led to a reduction in emergency department (ED) visits, possibly due to fears of contracting COVID-19, suggesting that serious medical cases may have avoided seeking necessary care. Furthermore, in some regions, the high demand on EMS services resulted in prolonged response times. For instance, in Tijuana, Mexico, ambulance arrival times increased from 16.4 min in 2019 to 20.5 min during the pandemic’s peak. Similar delays were observed in New York City, including Manhattan and the Bronx. The global impact was also evident as ambulance response times, case volumes, and hospital wait times worsened even after lockdowns were lifted. In Italy, ambulance journeys that typically took 8 min extended to several hours. In addition, some trauma centers were unable to accept trauma patients due to a shortage of inpatient beds, further strained by the heightened demand for EMS amid the pandemic.

A proposal towards a VNS-based decision support tool for large scale location-covering-type problems

We describe a number of typical features, constraints and objectives, frequently appearing in spatial system-design of maximum covering-type, such as emergency response systems. We then indicate some heuristic local search methods topped by a Variable Neighbourhood Search to construct and search for good solutions. These ideas were intended to form the basis for a possibly multi-objective spatial decision support system.

Dynamic Communication in Emergency Response: A Data-Driven Evaluation with the Emergency Communication Test

This research provides a data-driven assessment of dynamic communication in emergency response, highlighting important findings supported by actual data. In comparison to police officers in law enforcement situations, EMTs responded to medical crises 25% quicker, according to the response time research. When it came to communication accuracy, firemen performed at a 96% accuracy rate during fire situations, compared to a 91% accuracy rate in law enforcement circumstances. When compared to law enforcement situations, there was a 3% improvement in the completeness of information shared in fire incidents. Additionally, compared to accident situations, police officers' communication efficacy in law enforcement occurrences was 2.3% greater. These results highlight how crucial customized communication plans, data-driven insights, and technology and training integration are to maximizing dynamic communication in emergency response systems.

Development of analytical model for managing emergency preparedness and response system to nuclear power facility accident

In this work, a control model of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was synthesized, a block diagram of the control system of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was developed, and the control vector of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was determined to achieve the required performance indicator of target emergency preparedness and response activities.

State of the review on integrated emergency response and telehealth systems for enhanced crisis management

State of the review on integrated emergency response and telehealth systems for enhanced crisis management

An Analysis of Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation in Ammonia Loading Systems

PT. X has several products produced for distributors and consumers. One of the products produced is a liquid chemical product, namely ammonia which is distributed via tank trucks or containers. If the ammonia gas reaches a volume of 16-17% and flies freely in the air, an explosion may occur which will become a source of fire for the ammonia spray that comes out at high pressure. From the hazard description, it proves that the process of filling and transporting ammonia through tank trucks has many risks that can cause work accidents for workers in the loading and transporting sector of ammonia. The specific aim of this research is to determine the company’s level of preparedness in dealing with disaster failure of the ammonia loading system on tank trucks or containers and determine mitigation steps. To assess the level of disaster preparedness or readiness assessment, this research uses a checklist. The standard used in making this checklist is CAR (Capability Assessment of Readiness) Emergency Management Function. After all the checklist data is obtained, a validity test and reliability test will be carried out. The results of the readiness assessment showed that the emergency preparedness level was 47% fully capable and 53% very capable. Mitigation preparation is proposed based on the results of the readiness assessment. The non-structural mitigation provided is that management should not only provide a regular schedule for worker training, but management must also pay attention to the material that will be delivered at the training; management is advised to make a regular schedule to provide emergency response system training to the community around PT. X; provision of safety equipment during an emergency is very important to note; management should carry out equipment control efforts during the design stage.

Implementing optimization and fine-tuning emergency response strategies in cryptographically enhanced IoT-infused medical infrastructure for rapid response

In today’s healthcare landscape, connecting medical facilities to the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to transformative changes. This study focuses on optimizing and refining emergency response strategies within IoT-enabled medical systems through cryptographic improvements. The proposed framework aims to strengthen rapid response mechanisms to better handle critical scenarios more efficiently. Using cryptographic techniques ensures the security and integrity of data transmission, protecting sensitive medical information. Our approach involves developing a sophisticated optimization algorithm tailored for emergency situations’ unique demands. This algorithm refines response strategies based on real-time data collected from IoT sensors, allowing dynamic adjustment to evolving conditions. Additionally, cryptographic protocols reinforce the communication channels, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or data manipulation. Through simulation and actual validation, the effectiveness of our proposed framework is demonstrated in enhancing medical infrastructure’s responsiveness during emergencies. By combining IoT capabilities with cryptographic measures, this research contributes to more resilient and secure emergency response systems’ evolution, ultimately advancing healthcare delivery’s effectiveness in critical situations.

Automated Monitoring and Emergency Response System for Sensitive Areas Along High-Speed Railway Lines

The safety of high-speed railroads is an important indicator of travelers’ trust, and it is also an important factor in determining whether or not the operation volume can reach the expected goal. Therefore, high-speed railroad companies in Europe, the United States, and Japan have invested heavily in establishing safety monitoring systems in order to avoid the occurrence of disasters and to strengthen the mechanism of crisis response and emergency treatment. High-speed railroad operation may occur in a variety of accidents, different disaster warning, emergency response and rescue, need to have different equipment, contingency measures, and well-trained personnel to deal with. Therefore, the safety standards for high-speed rail systems in advanced countries around the world are much higher than those for traditional train systems. The theories and technologies of disaster prevention and relief have matured both at home and abroad. This study combines the theories and technologies of disaster prevention with GIS, such as monitoring instruments, satellite positioning, remote sensing detection, radio transmission, the Internet, database management, and information management, to provide effective support for decision-making and analysis of commanders, to rapidly assist in crisis management, and to strengthen the mechanism of emergency response.

Opioid-Associated Emergencies: A Review of Their Management and the Utility of Naloxone.

Although pain is most effectively treated through a multimodal approach, opioids remain a mainstay of treatment for chronic pain despite their considerable adverse effect profile and associated risks. Through modulation of the μ-opioid receptors, opioids can cause respiratory depression, which may result in death if not treated. When used in conjunction with other sedative substances, the risk of respiratory depression is potentiated. If an opioid emergency is suspected, responders should activate the emergency response system as outlined by the American Heart Association. Prompt and appropriate naloxone administration is vital to appropriate emergency care. As a preventative measure, naloxone should be recommended to individuals who are at higher risk of an opioid overdose. Naloxone is available at most pharmacies, can be billed through an individual's insurance, and is now available over the counter without a prescription.

인공지능(AI)을 활용한 테러 예방 프로그램 구축 방안

The study explores the development of an effective counterterrorism program utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. Emphasizing the integration of various technical elements such as big data analysis, natural language processing, image and video analysis, and the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor technologies, the research investigates comprehensive approaches. Firstly, the utilization of big data analysis aims to collect and analyze data from diverse sources, identifying patterns associated with terrorism. The application of natural language processing and text mining extracts meaningful information from textual data, while image and video analysis detect unusual patterns or behaviors in visual information. Moreover, the study highlights the use of IoT and sensor technologies to establish an intelligent security system, collecting real-time environmental data to detect anomalous indicators. The implementation of an automated alert and emergency response system is also suggested, facilitating swift and effective responses upon detecting abnormal signs. In conclusion, the integrated use of diverse technologies in the proposed AI-based counterterrorism program enables rapid and accurate threat detection, contributing to the enhancement of public safety and national security.

Evaluation of seismic response of server cabinets through shaking table tests

Telecommunication system is one of the critical lifeline systems for national life and post-earthquake emergency response. Telecommunication equipment is the necessary components to preserve communication functionality of telecommunication system. The severe damage and functionality loss of data center buildings resulting from damage to telecommunication equipment are frequently reported following earthquakes. Thus, there is an increasing need to understand the performance of telecommunication equipment during earthquakes.Seismic investigation of three server cabinets in internet data center buildings are presented in this study. The seismic damage and dynamic characteristics of server cabinets were evaluated and explained in terms of the natural frequency, stress, acceleration, dynamic amplification factor, and deformation by triaxial shaking table tests. The input acceleration time histories were generated based on the required response spectra in YD 5083 code and AC 156 code, with seismic intensities ranging from 0.1 g to 1.2 g. Based on the test results, the effects of different mass distributions inside the cabinets and earthquake inputs were investigated. The seismic damage limit states of server cabinets were identified based on observed damage phenomenon. The corresponding seismic fragility models of server cabinets were developed based on shaking table test data. The results show that the Power Distribution Units inside the cabinets still worked normally and the output voltage was normal for all loading cases although the frame of cabinets suffered severe seismic damage. The normal functionality of server cabinets including more electronic devices and equipment should be carefully checked by shaking table tests.

Ambulance deployment without transport: a retrospective difference analysis for the description of emergency interventions without patient transport in Bavaria

BackgroundNot all patients who call the ambulance service are subsequently transported to hospital. In 2018, a quarter of deployments of an emergency ambulance in Bavaria were not followed by patient transport. This study describes factors that influence patient transport rates.MethodThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from all Integrated Dispatch Centres of the Free State of Bavaria in 2018. Included were ambulance deployments without emergency physician involvement, which were subdivided into ambulance deployments without transport and ambulance deployments with transport. The proportion of transported patients were determined for the primary reasons for deployment and for the different community types. On-scene time was compared for calls with and without patient transport. Differences were tested for statistical significance using Chi2 tests and the odds ratio was calculated to determine differences between groups.ResultsOf 510,145 deployments, 147,621 (28.9%) could be classified as ambulance deployments without transport and 362,524 (71.1%) as ambulance deployments with transport.The lowest proportion of patients transported was found for activations where the fire brigade was involved (“fire alarm system” 0.6%, “fire with emergency medical services” 5.4%) and “personal emergency response system active alarm” (18.6%). The highest transport rates were observed for emergencies involving “childbirth/delivery” (96.9%) and “trauma” (83.2%). A lower proportion of patients is transported in large cities as compared to smaller cities or rural communities; in large cities, the odds ratio for emergencies without transport is 2.02 [95% confidence interval 1.98–2.06] referenced to rural communites. The median on-scene time for emergencies without transport was 20.8 min (n = 141,052) as compared to 16.5 min for emergencies with transport (n = 362,524). The shortest on-scene times for emergencies without transport were identified for activations related to “fire alarm system” (9.0 min) and “personal emergency response system active alarm” (10.6 min).ConclusionThis study indicates that the proportion of patients transported depends on the reason for deployment and whether the emergency location is urban or rural. Particularly low transport rates are found if an ambulance was dispatched in connection with a fire department operation or a personal emergency medical alert button was activated. The on-scene-time of the rescue vehicle is increased for deployments without transport. The study could not provide a rationale for this and further research is needed.Trial registration This paper is part of the study “Rettungswageneinsatz ohne Transport” [“Ambulance deployment without transport”] (RoT), which was registered in the German Register of Clinical Studies under the number DRKS00017758.

Wireless Technologies on the road to effective Disaster Management: A survey

Over the past ten years, there have been more disasters and these catastrophes have a greater impact on communication networks' ability to function. An immediate emergency response is necessary in disaster scenarios. There is a lot of interest in wireless-based emergency response systems since wired emergency response systems have struggled to effectively operate in such time-sensitive circumstances. Several wireless systems and technologies, each having unique properties, advantages, disadvantages are suggested in this respect for application in diverse emergency response scenarios. This study focuses on how recent developments in wireless protocols and communication technologies, particularly mobile technologies and devices, might assist disaster management. In order to encourage the usage of technology using wireless for responding to emergencies, comparison of various wireless advances is presented. This study gives a general overview of how new telecommunications and technology advancements like Massive MIMO, Millimeter wave, Device to device, Non-Orthogonal multiple Access (NOMA) and Cognitive radio might enhance the potential of disaster management networks. It provides broad principles that will aid public safety organisations in selecting wireless technologies that are appropriate for each of them. In contrast to previous surveys, this one focuses on current research objectives and recent advancements in the field of disaster management by emphasising the usage of widely available mobile applications and devices.

Medical emergencies in a dental school clinic - A 12-year review and lessons learned.

The aims of this study were to estimate the type and frequency of different medical emergencies that occurred over the study period (twelve years) and discuss the lessons learned and the modifications made in the curriculum to better equip dental students and faculty in their management. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate all medical emergencies that needed activation of the response team at our school from 2008 to 2020. The emergency response system was activated 250 times during the 12-year period. There were 132 medical emergencies in the pre-doctoral clinic and 105 events in the post-doctoral clinic (p 0.0680). Most of the emergencies occurred in patients between 45 and 64 years of age. Syncope occurs most often followed by adverse cardiovascular, respiratory, anxiety, and hypoglycemic events. Medical emergencies occurring in a dental school provide a unique opportunity for students to gain experience in their management. The key lies in preparing the students and faculty to prevent them from occurring, but should these occur, then they should be able to promptly recognize symptoms and institute prompt intervention.