Development Of System Research Articles

A Multi-Scale Approach to Early Fire Detection in Smart Homes

In recent years, advancements in smart home technologies have underscored the need for the development of early fire and smoke detection systems to enhance safety and security. Traditional fire detection methods relying on thermal or smoke sensors exhibit limitations in terms of response time and environmental adaptability. To address these issues, this paper introduces the multi-scale information transformer–DETR (MITI-DETR) model, which incorporates multi-scale feature extraction and transformer-based attention mechanisms, tailored specifically for fire detection in smart homes. MITI-DETR achieves a precision of 99.00%, a recall of 99.50%, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 99.00% on a custom dataset designed to reflect diverse lighting and spatial conditions in smart homes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MITI-DETR outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of these metrics, especially under challenging environmental conditions. This work provides a robust solution for early fire detection in smart homes, combining high accuracy with real-time deployment feasibility.

Prenatal Maternal Stress Suppresses Embryonic Neurogenesis via Elevated Glucocorticoid Levels.

Although it is known that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has negative influence on nervous system development in offspring, there has been no solid evidence showing the effect of PNMS on early neurogenesis during development. In this study, we established a chick embryo model to investigate how PNMS affects early neurogenesis by mimicking an intrauterine environment with high dexamethasone (Dex) levels. The results showed that Dex-mimicked PNMS significantly suppressed the development of gastrula embryos and increased the risks of neural tube defects and cranial deformity. Using immunofluorescence staining and Western blots to determine the expression levels of pHIS3, PCNA/Sox2, we found that PNMS significantly inhibited the proliferation of neural progenitor cells, and the downregulation of TGFβ signaling pathway might be responsible for the inhibition. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining and Western blots manifested that PNMS could suppress the differentiation of neural progenitor cells to neuronal lineages, but promote them to transform into neuroglial cells, which might be due to the restriction of expressions of key genes (BMP4, SHH, Wnt3a, Slug, and Msx1) related to neural differentiation. In summary, our data reveal that PNMS dramatically impacts the earliest stages of neural development, thereby greatly increasing the risk of physical and mental health problems in childhood or adulthood.

Can Historical Accident Data Improve Sustainable Urban Traffic Safety? A Predictive Modeling Study

Traffic safety is a critical factor for the sustainable development of urban transportation systems. This study investigates the impact of historical accident information on the prediction of future traffic accident risks, as well as the interaction between this information and other features, such as driver violations and vehicle attributes. Using a comprehensive dataset of traffic accidents involving passenger vehicles in a western Chinese city, we developed two predictive models: Model 1, which is based on vehicle information and driver violations, and Model 2, which integrates historical accident data. The results indicate that the inclusion of historical accident information significantly enhances the predictive performance of the model, particularly in terms of AUC (Area Under the Curve) and AP (Average Precision) values. Furthermore, through feature importance analysis and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) value evaluation, this study reveals the interaction effects between historical accident data and other features, and how these interactions influence model decisions. The findings suggest that historical accident data play a positive role in predicting future accident risk, with varying effects on risk mitigation. These insights provide a scientific basis for developing strategies to ensure the sustainable development of urban transportation systems.

THE INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH PROJECTS “MY FUTURE PROFESSION”

The article reveals the joint work of the authors on the creation of the Concept of integration of students’ professional and patriotic education in the preparation of individual research projects. The relevance of the Concept is substantiated through the study of the demands of society and the state, enshrined in the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the Concept is the formation of theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of a methodological system for the integration of professional and patriotic education of students of the 10th-11th forms. The didactic tool is independent mental work on an individual research project (IRP) “My Future Profession” in accordance with the technological and socio- economic profile. The authors of the article have developed conceptual provisions for the integration of professional and patriotic education of students when implementing the universal structure of the IRP “My Future Profession”, which contributes to the personal growth of students

The HVAC system engineering method for a new family of unified cabins of combine harvesters

BACKGROUND: Designing a combine harvester cabin climate system is a complex and multi-stage process that includes solving a set of tasks. To solve them, a design engineer must have knowledge and skills in various fields, starting with thermal engineering calculations and ending with experimental research methods and computer modeling, which requires a large amount of intellectual and time resources. Therefore, the task of creating a unified method of engineering of combine harvester cabin HVAC system is highly relevant. AIM: Development of the HVAC system for a unified cabin of a grain harvester and a forage harvester. The designed HVAC system is purposed to create a comfortable microclimate in the cabin of the combine for 2 people in summer and winter operating conditions. METHODS: The methodology of calculation and selection of the combine harvester cabin HVAC system, which includes the development of engineering calculation methods and mathematical modeling of thermodynamic and ventilation processes in the cabin, is considered. RESULTS: The main parameters were determined: heat intakes and heat losses for the grain harvester and forage harvester cabins, which amounted to 2.8 and 2.2 kW for the grain harvester, 2.9 and 2.35 kW for the forage harvester; the required air flow rate supplied to the cabin to ensure a comfortable temperature — 740 m3/h; the percentage of air recirculation regarding the conditions of absence of fogging and creation of excessive pressure in the cabin — 75%; the cooling and heating capacity of the HVAC system, taking into account the operating conditions of the combine, are 7.8 and 6.3 kW respectively. The selection of the main equipment of the HVAC system for a unified cabin for a new family of unified cabins of combines — the BUHLER 1000 MFWD evaporator-heater and the Valeo TM16 compressor are chosen. CONCLUSION: The HVAC system designed in accordance with the presented methodology is capable of ensuring a comfortable cabin air temperature in the range of 22–24 °C at various operating modes of the combine harvester in different regions. In addition, the HVAC system parameters eliminate fogging of the cabin windows and the penetration of dusty air inside due to the created excessive pressure.

Enhancing Mathematical Skills of Learners in the Early Childhood Phase Through Play-Based Learning: A Review of Literature

This theoretical article examines the crucial role of play-based learning (PBL) in enhancing the mathematical skills of children in the Early Childhood Phase, referred to as Foundation Phase (Grade R-3) learners, within a South African context. The article argues that the traditional approach to teaching early childhood mathematics, where teachers typically instruct while learners listen and repeat, is often rigid and lacks engagement. For learners to thrive in mathematics and truly comprehend the subject, they need to be actively involved in ‘doing’ mathematics. PBL is an approach to teaching and learning that uses various forms of play as a medium for learning. The objectives of the article are: a) to explore alternative methods for teaching mathematics to learners in the Early Childhood Phase, and b) to highlight the benefits and value of play as a mode for teaching and learning mathematics. As a theoretical paper, it does not include a methodology section; rather, relevant literature was analysed to support and justify the claims and to address the research questions. The study found that PBL can enhance the development of the vestibular system, which can positively impact learners’ cognitive abilities, including mathematical skills. The study is significant for both learners and teachers in the Early Childhood Phase, as it provides an opportunity for teachers to utilise alternative, play-related, and enjoyable methods to teach mathematics. The paper concludes that a child-centred, play-based curriculum encourages and promotes learning in a playful setting through discovery, investigation, problem-solving, imaginative thinking, and creative thinking.

Attack Reconstruction and Attack-Resilient Consensus Control for Fuzzy Markovian Jump Multi-Agent Systems

Driven by the rapid development of modern industrial applications, multi-agent systems (MASs), integrating computational and physical resources, have become increasingly important in recent years. However, the performance of MASs can be easily compromised by malicious false data injection attacks (FDIAs) due to the inherent vulnerability of the cyber layer. This work focuses on an event-triggered framework for secure reconstruction and consensus control in MASs subject to both sensor and actuator attacks. First, we introduce a class of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy multi-agent systems that relax the traditional Lipschitz condition and incorporate realistic system dynamics by considering parameter variations governed by Markovian jump principles. Second, an adaptive fuzzy estimator is developed for the simultaneous reconstruction of states and attacks in MASs. The derived estimates are utilized to design an attack-resilient consensus control strategy that compensates for the effects of FDIAs on the closed-loop consensus error dynamics. Meanwhile, the sufficient conditions for the convergence of both estimation and consensus errors are presented and rigorously proved. Finally, evaluation results on an experimental platform through multiple truck-trailer systems are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed approach.

Influence of the gamma source on the radiolytic stability of N,N,N′,N′-tetra-n-octyl-diglycolamide (TODGA)

Abstract In nuclear reprocessing, hydrolytic and radiolytic stability of ligands, extractants, diluents and solvents is of particular importance. The strength of extraction systems can only be fully exploited when process conditions are predictable and essential molecules, which are in close proximity to radioactive isotopes, are resistant to the radiation. During the development of novel extraction systems, testing of the radiolytic stability is often evaluated by exposing the molecules to high energetic gamma rays. In this work, the influence of the source of gamma rays is evaluated. TODGA was irradiated from 0–500 kGy using different sources of gamma rays, and its degradation was followed using UPLC-HRMS. Pool-type gamma irradiation facilities BRIGITTE B (Co-60) and GEUSE II (spent nuclear fuel) at SCK CEN were employed to serve as gamma sources. In this work, it is found that there is no significant influence on TODGA degradation which can be attributed to the origin of the gamma source.

Longitudinal change in the adjective intensifier system of Hexagonal French

Abstract Intensifiers are known for their dynamic nature, due in part to the expressive function they serve. However, while the quantitative patterning of English intensifiers has been studied extensively, the intensifier system of French has yet to be well documented. This study therefore examines intensifier use from a variationist sociolinguistic perspective in the ESLO corpus of spoken Hexagonal French. The quantitative distributions of adjective intensifiers are compared across two corpora collected in 1970 and 2010. Results show a significant decrease in intensification rate over time. Analysis of individual intensifiers show some to have decreased in use over time (e.g. très, tellement), others to have increased (e.g. vraiment, tout), and others to appear only in the later sample (e.g. super, hyper). Longitudinal change is also found in the adjectival function (predicative vs. attributive) and collocational width of intensifiers. Relating to social factors, no significant gender difference is found between female and male speakers’ intensification rate over time. Furthermore, très dominates as the preferred intensifier among older generations, while younger speakers favour more varied intensifiers. Analyzing such changes in the use of intensifiers over the past half century contributes to a better understanding of the structure and development of the French intensifier system.

Critical success factors for knowledge management systems in new product development

Critical success factors for knowledge management systems in new product development

Determining skill mix and optimal multidisciplinary team composition: A scoping review.

Holistic care models aligned to population care needs are needed to help leaders shed pre-existing mindsets when determining skill mix and Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) composition. Using a PRISMA flowchart, a narrow eligibility criterion, and a research question, this scoping review resulted in 9 frameworks/models published between January 2000 and September 2023. Analysis showed common methodological elements such as a population needs-based approach, a systematic process, engagement, three or more professions reporting task or competency level analysis, change advocacy, and reliance on population and workforce supply data. Key system enablers were sponsorship, access to population needs-based and workforce supply data, a learning management system for MDT development, and health human resource policies and governance to drive health system redesign to distribute an equitable workforce. This scoping review offers health leaders and policy-makers options and next-step considerations to inspire fresh thinking for making evidence-informed decisions about skill mix and MDT composition.

Comparison of Multi-Agent Platform Usability for Industrial-Grade Applications

Modern systems often employ decentralised and distributed approaches. This can be attributed, among others, to the increasing complexity of system processes, which go beyond the capabilities of singular components. Additionally, with the growth in demand for system automation and high-level coordination, solutions belonging to the decentralised Artificial Intelligence and collaborative decision-making are often applied. It can be observed that these concerns fall within the domain of multi-agent systems. However, even though MAS concepts emerged more than 40 years ago, despite their obvious advantages and continuous efforts of the scientific community, agents remain rarely used in industrial-grade applications. In this context, the goal of this contribution is to analyse the reasons for the lack of adoption of agent solutions in the real world. During the analysis, all pertinent aspects of the modern software development life cycle are examined and compared to what is currently available in the agent system domain. Specifically, the study focuses on identifying gaps that are often overlooked when it comes to scientific applications of MAS, but are critical in terms of potential for large-scale system development in practice.

The Political Impact of King Abdullah II's Second Discussion Paper on the Development of Jordan's Democratic System: An Analytical Study of Political Parties (2013-2024)

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the political impact of His Majesty King Abdullah II's Second Discussion Paper on the development of the democratic system in Jordan, with a focus on the state of political parties during the period from 2013 to 2024. The Second Discussion Paper served as the primary concept (independent variable), and its influence on the evolution of political parties (dependent variable) within Jordan's democratic system was critically examined. The study was divided into two sections: the first addressed key concepts and the trajectory of democratic development in Jordan, while the second analyzed the impact of the Second Discussion Paper on political parties and their role in Jordanian political life. Methodology: A political analysis approach was employed to understand and interpret the influence of the Second Discussion Paper on political parties in Jordan, framed within the context of democratic theory. The analysis focused on the direct effects of the Discussion Paper on Jordan's political system, specifically examining the evolving role of political parties. Findings: The study found that the Second Discussion Paper significantly strengthened the role of political parties in Jordan by fostering national dialogue and supporting political pluralism. The Paper contributed to increased political participation by parties, enhanced their influence within the democratic process, and encouraged the development and reshaping of party roles within Jordan's political system. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a strong correlation between the Second Discussion Paper and the development of Jordan's democratic system. The Paper contributed to empowering political parties, increasing their impact on political life, and reflecting the political leadership's commitment to ongoing democratic reforms.

Development of a material selection decision support system for an automotive application

This study presents the development of a material selection decision support system for an automotive rooftop tent. The system uses five parameters of material cost, formability, corrosion resistance, tensile strength and hardness to optimize material choice from a list of aluminium alloy options. This was done before production via the deep drawing process can commence. The parameters were quantified using the average market prices for each alloy, product requirements obtained from the case study and the performance data that was obtained from the uniaxial tensile and hardness tests. These inputs were combined with the developed material selection framework and then programmed into a web-based decision support system for automated, data-driven material selection. The output presents the recommendation for the optimum material that balances cost-effectiveness and performance. The decision support system was successfully used to select the optimum alloy for the rooftop tent. Results show that AA1050 is the optimum material, providing weight reduction at the minimum achievable cost without compromising the product requirements for the rooftop tent. The decision support system is also scalable, and this allows it to be used with larger datasets for different products and processes in the future.

Photothermal Induced Dual-Interface: Accelerating Sustainable Hydrogen Evolution from Formic Acid.

Formic acid (FA), a liquid hydrogen storage carrier, can release hydrogen via photothermal catalysis, providing a clean and sustainable solution toward a carbon-neutral energy cycle. Despite recent advances in the design of efficient catalysts, the development of advanced systems with high H2 yield, stability, and durability remains challenging due to the inefficient photothermal conversion and mass transfer in the traditional liquid-solid bulk system, as well as the trade-off between hydrogen storage density and dehydrogenation rate. Here, we address these challenges by creating a photothermal-induced dual-interface characterized by high spectral absorption and low heat loss, a facile supply of FA, and vaporization of FA to minimize the energy barrier of the reaction. As a result, a record hydrogen evolution rate (200.9 mmol g-1 h-1) is achieved in a high concentration (26 M) of FA, which is about 15 times higher than the liquid-solid bulk system. In addition, it can be operated continuously for more than 192 h without additive addition and energy consumption, providing a strategy for accelerating interfacial mass transfer to improve catalytic activity, and also presents a reference for sustainable hydrogen production.

Enhancing Student Access to Financial Aid: A Web-Based Approach to Scholarship Search and Application

This paper worked with a background of the existing harsh educational competition that leads to many challenges when searching for easily accessible scholarships to support a student’s educational needs. This paper presents the development of a user-friendly Web-based system aimed at simplifying the navigation through the selection of scholarships and the submission of applications. Due to its design, the site allows users to create personal accounts with options to incorporate secure means of logging in. Scholarship seekers are allowed to search for scholarships by various filters like the area of study, region, etc., after they register themselves to the website. That is why the presented platform applies a smart filter to provide users with the most relevant opportunities and to save time. Moreover, we direct them to the official scholarship sites through which they can apply and therefore get the most accurate information. This way of searching and accessing the scholarships is more effective to the users making it easier time to access scholarships they wish to apply for in line with their study goals.

Підходи до реформування спрощеної системи оподаткування в умовах реалізації Національної стратегії доходів до 2030 року

Introduction. Subjects of small and medium-sized enterprises in global fiscal practice can be taxed either under the general tax system or through simplified tax regimes. The application of such taxation regimes is determined by a number of their advantages and is established at certain stages of the socio-economic development of the state. Problem Statement. In the conditions of Ukraine's European integration and a critical shortage of financial resources, there is an urgent need to reform the simplified taxation system in Ukraine. The National Revenue Strategy until 2030 (hereinafter - the Strategy) outlines the reasons and main directions of reform. Its main objective, in this regard, is to establish incentives for business entities to transition from a simplified to a general taxation system. Purpose.To substantiate the approaches to the development and operation of a simplified taxation system, and to form proposals for its design in Ukraine in line with the implementation of the Strategy. Methods. The research employed a variety of general scientific and specialized methods, including logical analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, description, theoretical generalization, abstract-logical reasoning, critical analysis, comparison, and expert evaluation. Results. Based on the analysis of the negative and positive aspects of the operation of the simplified taxation system in Ukraine, the expediency of its preservation with the elimination of negative aspects and taking into account the needs of the socio-economic development of the state is substantiated. Key areas and approaches to the design of a simplified taxation system in Ukraine are determined. Proposals have been made to define individual elements of the simplified system in the context of the implementation of the Strategy. Conclusions. The study of the methodological foundations of the design of certain spheres of simplified taxation regimes reveals the existence of several alternatives in the selection of approaches to their formation. These approaches are influenced by the macroeconomic situation in the state and the choice of tasks to be achieved when introducing or reforming the simplified regime. The authors outlined proposals for the design of a simplified taxation system in Ukraine, highlighting key areas and evaluating the extent to which these proposals are reflected in the Strategy.

Limitations of beam-control compensation

In this paper, we use wave-optics simulations to explore the limitations of beam-control compensation. We evaluate performance in terms of the normalized power in a diffraction-limited bucket for the cases of no beam-control compensation, perfect phase compensation, and perfect full-field compensation. From these results, we are able to arrive at the following conclusions: (1) without any form of beam-control compensation, performance begins to degrade when D/r0 > 1; (2) with perfect phase compensation, performance begins to degrade when D/r0 > 1 and (λ/r0)/θ0 > 1; and (3) with perfect full-field compensation, performance begins to degrade when D/r0 > 1 and (λ/D)/θ0 > 1. Here, D is the aperture diameter, r0 is the Fried parameter, λ is the wavelength, and θ0 is the isoplanatic angle. We show (1)–(3) to be true for varying aperture diameters, uniformly distributed turbulence, and varying turbulence profiles. These findings will inform the development of future laser systems that need to sense and correct for the effects of atmospheric turbulence.

MIMR: Development of a Web-Based System for miRNA and mRNA Integrated Analysis

The human body is a complex network of systems that is harmonized with multiple biological components. To understand these interactions is very challenging. With rapid development of advanced sequencing technologies, massive amounts of data such as mRNA, miRNA are rapidly accumulated. The integrated analysis of mRNA–miRNA has brought an extensive understanding of complex biological systems and pathological mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that intricately regulate target gene products, resulting in the inhibition of gene expression. While these miRNAs play crucial roles in essential biological processes—ranging from immunity and metabolism to cell death—their specific impacts on diseases remain unknown. Recent studies have been focused on the integration of miRNA and mRNA expression to reveal the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms responsible for disease manifestation. We proposed a novel approach for integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression data and developed MIMR (Integrative Analysis of miRNA and mRNA), a web-based application that leverages the Random Walk with Restart (RWR) algorithm. MIMR incorporates both direct and indirect interactions by utilizing protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and experimentally validated mRNA–miRNA target interactions. MIMR provides comprehensive results, including novel pathological pathways associated with a specific disease and interactive network diagrams representing the mRNAs and miRNAs. We applied it to Alzheimer and breast cancer data and successfully identified the novel biological pathways related to these diseases. In summary, MIMR will offer a deeper insight into the hidden mechanisms of diseases and identify potential therapeutic strategies through integrated analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs.

Exploring Core Knowledge in Interdisciplinary Research: Insights from Topic Modeling Analysis

Although interdisciplinary research has garnered extensive attention in academia, its core knowledge structure has yet to be systematically explored. To address this gap, this study aims to uncover the underlying core knowledge topics within interdisciplinary research, enabling researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the knowledge framework, improve research efficiency, and offer insights for future inquiries. Based on the Web of Science (WoS) database, this study collected 153 highly cited papers and employed the LDA topic model to identify latent topics and extract the knowledge structure within interdisciplinary research. The findings indicate that the core knowledge topics of interdisciplinary research can be categorized into four major areas: the knowledge framework and social impact of interdisciplinary research, multidisciplinary approaches in cancer treatment and patient care, Covid-19 multidisciplinary care and rehabilitation, and multidisciplinary AI and optimization in industrial applications. Moreover, the study reveals that AI-related interdisciplinary research topics are rapidly emerging. Through an in-depth analysis of these topics, the study discusses potential future directions for interdisciplinary research, including the cultivation and development of interdisciplinary talent, evaluation systems and policy support for interdisciplinary research, international cooperation and interdisciplinary globalization, and AI and interdisciplinary research optimization. This study not only uncovers the core knowledge structure of interdisciplinary research but also demonstrates the effectiveness of the LDA topic model as a data mining tool for revealing key topics and trends, providing practical tools for future research. However, this study has two main limitations: the time lag of highly cited papers and the dynamic evolution of interdisciplinary research. Future research should address these limitations to further enhance the understanding of interdisciplinary research.