System Design Research Articles

Online Library Management System

The Online Library Management System (OLMS) is a digital solution designed to manage and organize library resources efficiently. It allows users, including lecturers, students, and college management, to easily store and access book information such as title, author, edition, ISBN, and publication date. The system includes features to track reading progress, mark books as "read," save favorites, and provide URLs for additional details.Developed using SQLite for database management and SQLAlchemy for seamless ORM integration, the system ensures data consistency and scalability. The platform simplifies library operations, making it user-friendly for various stakeholders in educational institutions. By automating book management, it eliminates manual processes, increasing efficiency and reducing errors.This research explores the system's design, development, and its potential impact on improving library resource management in colleges and universities. Key Words: SQLite, SQL Alchemy, ISBN, Book Edition, Book Favorites.

Innovative public strategies in response to COVID‐19: A review of practices from China

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic presented unparalleled challenges to prompt and adaptive responses from nations worldwide. This review examines China's multifaceted approach to the crisis, focusing on five key areas of response: infrastructure and system design, medical care and treatment, disease prevention and control, economic and social resilience, and China's engagement in global health. This review demonstrates the effectiveness of a top‐down command system at the national level, intersectoral coordination, a legal framework, and public social governance. This study also examines medical care and treatment strategies, highlighting the importance of rapid emergency response, evidence‐based treatment, and well‐planned vaccination rollout. Further discussion on disease prevention and control measures emphasizes the importance of adaptive measures, timely infection control, transmission interruption, population herd immunity, and technology applications. Socioeconomic impact was also assessed, detailing strategies for disease prevention, material supply, livelihood preservation, and social economy revival. Lastly, we examine China's contributions to the global health community, with a focus on knowledge‐sharing, information exchange, and multilateral assistance. While it is true that each nation's response must be tailored to its own context, there are universal lessons to be drawn from China's approach. These insights are pivotal for enhancing global health security, especially as the world navigates evolving health crises.

MODELAREA MATEMATICĂ A FORȚEI NECESARE DEPLASĂRII PLATFORMELOR DESTINATE PRELEVĂRII PROBELOR DE SOL

Self-propelled platforms designed for soil sampling represent a remarkable technological advancement in the field of soil research, providing efficient and precise collection of essential data regarding soil composition. These platforms are equipped with advanced technologies and sophisticated sampling systems, offering researchers the opportunity to obtain detailed data in an automated and replicable manner. In this article, we will delve into the technical features of self-propelled platforms for soil sampling and their significance in advancing soil sciences research. In this paper, a mathematical model is described to aid in the design of the propulsion system of self-propelled platforms intended for soil sample collection under conditions of movement on horizontal or sloping terrain. With this mathematical model, the forces required for the platform to move can be calculated, considering the constraints specific to each project. When the project is completed, and key parameters such as the total weight of the platform, dimensions, payload weight, and transmission gear ratios are known, the minimum power required for the engine to move the platform can be calculated.

RETRACTION: Interoperable square‐circular coupled coils for wireless electric vehicle battery charging system with different misalignments

AbstractRETRACTION: C. S. Banothu, S. R. Gorantla, R. V. B. Attuluri, G. R. Evuri: Interoperable square‐circular coupled coils for wireless electric vehicle battery charging system with different misalignments. IET Power Electronics, 1–18 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12742The above article, published online on 1st July 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Volker Pickert, The Institution of Engineering and Technology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Concerns were raised in the article, regarding substantial text overlap with the following source:Design and implementation of an inductive power transfer system for wireless charging of future electric transportation.When the authors were contacted for an explanation, they have acknowledged the text overlap and have requested to retract the article. The authors apologise for the oversight.

Design and analysis of a telemonitoring system for high-risk pregnant women in need of special care or attention

BackgroundHigh-risk pregnancies, characterized by underlying health issues or unusual circumstances, pose increased risks to both maternal and neonatal health during pregnancy and childbirth. Global guidelines emphasize the importance of early identification, monitoring, and intervention to mitigate these risks.MethodWe decided to design and implement a telemonitoring system for remotely monitoring and managing pregnancies in women with conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or high-risk pregnancy. When a high-risk pregnant mom is discharged from the hospital, the Healthcare Center or Integrated Healthcare Services Center in her area is immediately notified via SMS to ensure her condition is monitored remotely. In addition to sending notifications, the patient’s medical record, post-discharge care recommendations, drug prescription, re-visit time, and contact details are also sent to them via the application. The high-risk pregnant mom is followed up and all her information is recorded in the application for further use. To evaluate the usability of the proposed telemonitoring system, we conducted a laboratory study involving 92 participants, including pregnant mothers’ care experts at hospitals, healthcare center experts, midwives at integrated healthcare services centers, and midwifery department experts with varying levels of digital skills. Participants performed activities related to the application’s services, while their satisfaction was measured using the QUIS 7.0 questionnaires covering multiple aspects of usability, including user interface, system capabilities, and online help, with ratings on a Likert scale.ResultThe usability evaluation revealed that the average satisfaction score across all usability dimensions was above 8, demonstrating a satisfactory level of system usage from all user perspectives. Additionally, the close alignment of mean and median scores, along with standard deviations below 1 for several dimensions, indicated consistent positive feedback among users.ConclusionOur telemonitoring system demonstrates promise for enhancing the management of high-risk pregnancies, facilitating better health outcomes for mothers and infants through effective remote monitoring and support. The usability test results underscore the platform’s effectiveness and user satisfaction, contributing valuable insights for future improvements in high-risk pregnancy care.

Supporting trade negotiations with sustainable development impact assessments

Abstract Concerns regarding equitable design of the trade governance system call for complex answers. One element of this reflection is to better assess the potential impacts of prospective trade commitments. Over the past three decades, models used to estimate potential gains from trade have overstated the gains and have failed to adequately account for the costs such as loss of tariff revenue, loss of market access, administrative costs, opportunity costs of directing government resources to trade administration, and more. This essay argues that a comprehensive approach to estimating the impacts of trade disciplines, particularly with respect to social and sustainability issues, could improve the outcomes of trade negotiations as well as the implementation of agreed-upon disciplines, particularly for developing countries. Specifically, sustainable development impact assessments could help developing countries build capacity and identify their policy needs ahead of trade negotiations as well as inform the course of negotiations. Once benefits and costs are better assessed, negotiations could focus on the allocation of these developmental and implementation impacts, particularly for the lowest-income and most capacity-constrained countries.

Design of automatic follicle detection and ovarian classification system for ultrasound ovarian images

Design of automatic follicle detection and ovarian classification system for ultrasound ovarian images

Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Marine Inorganic Carbon Removal.

In recent years, marine carbon removal technologies have gained attention as a means of reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. One family of these technologies is electrochemical systems, which employ Faradaic reactions to drive alkalinity-swings and enable dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) removal as gaseous CO2 or as solid minerals. In this work, we develop a thermodynamic framework to estimate upper bounds on performance for Faradaic DIC removal systems. To assess the fundamental mass balances of these systems, we first define unit operations in the DIC/total alkalinity (TA) space. By coupling a seawater speciation model to an electrochemical framework, we provide a generalized comparison of gas evolution and mineralization DIC removal routes, focusing on asymmetric charge/discharge systems. We then show how this framework can be extended to other processes, such as those employing dilution schemes. Finally, we provide a minimum energetic assessment of mCDR pathways relative to direct air capture. Overall, this thermodynamic framework aims to guide system and process design and to drive material discovery and engineering for future electrochemical marine DIC removal systems.

Performance Simulation and Optimization of Cylindrical Mirror-Spliced Parabolic Trough Solar Collector

This paper proposes a new type of solar trough collector with a spliced cylindrical mirror and develops a new ray-tracing method to predict and optimize its performance. The mirrors of this system are composed of multiple cylindrical mirrors whose centers are on a parabola, and the normal vector of the centers of each cylindrical mirror is consistent with the normal vector of the parabola point where it is located. The new ray-tracing method is based on the transverse distribution of solar radiation, and it has been validated with Soltrace, with the maximum intercept factor error in the calculations being less than 0.31%. This paper compares the spliced cylindrical mirror trough solar system with the conventional parabolic trough system and finds that the influence of cylindrical, spherical, and coma aberration can be reduced to negligible levels by adjusting the system design. At the same time, the slope error and cost of the cylindrical mirror are much less than the parabolic mirror so it has better performance from numerical simulation. The spliced cylindrical mirror system can be further optimized to achieve an annual net efficiency of 65.52% in the north–south horizontal axis tracking mode.

Extending Generalized Explicit Terms and Applying Euler–Bernoulli Beam Theory to Enhance Dynamic Response Prediction in Receptance Coupling Method

This paper presents a theoretical framework to enhance the prediction of dynamic responses in complex mechanical systems, such as vehicle structures, by incorporating both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Traditional receptance coupling methods often neglect rotational effects, leading to significant inaccuracies at higher frequencies. Additionally, approaches that implicitly include full dynamics frequently result in redundancy of generalized coordinates, especially at connection points. To address these limitations, the generalized receptance coupling method using Frequency-Based Substructuring is extended to explicitly account for rotational dynamics resulting in a refined GRCFBS approach. This extension enhances both the understanding and prediction of system responses, which are represented through the receptance matrix or Frequency Response Function. Building on Jetmundsen’s foundational work, the proposed framework introduces a practical, generalized formulation that explicitly incorporates full translational and rotational dynamics at each substructure node. This explicit definition provides deeper insights into system behavior, particularly for complex interactions between substructures under weak and strong coupling scenarios at interface points. The Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is employed to model rotational behavior at critical points, yielding reduced-order and explicit receptance matrices for substructures in the coupling process. The methodology’s accuracy and applicability in capturing resonance and anti-resonance modes are validated through two case studies: the coupling of two flexible subsystems and the integration of flexible and rigid components. Results are benchmarked against numerical finite element analysis, and all limitations and potential improvements are discussed. By directly incorporating rotational dynamics directly, this approach enables more reliable dynamic response predictions under multi-directional loading conditions, particularly for vehicle and machinery system design. The GRCFBS method offers a versatile and reliable tool for dynamic system analysis, with significant potential for vibration analysis over a broad frequency range.

Multi‐source PV‐battery DC microgrid operation mode and power allocation strategy based on two layer fuzzy controller

AbstractThe conventional DC bus signaling (DBS) coordination control strategy for islanded DC microgrids (IDCMGs) faces challenges in coordinating multiple distributed generators (DGs) and fails to effectively incorporate the state of charge (SOC) information of the energy storage system, reducing system flexibility. In this article, a two‐layer fuzzy control‐based coordination strategy is proposed for multi‐PV islanded DC microgrids. The first layer fuzzy logic controller (FLC) quantifies and selects the optimal system operating mode, adaptively adjusting the number of PV units operating in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode to manage system power surplus or deficit, thereby simplifying system design and enhancing flexibility. The second layer FLC adaptively adjusts the output of distributed energy sources based on SOC and current system conditions to better align the energy storage system's output with overall system operation, resulting in at least a 4% improvement in SOC level and effectively preventing overcharging or over‐discharging issues seen in traditional control. Additionally, for PV units operating in droop mode, the droop coefficient is recalculated based on their maximum generation capacity under changing external conditions, thereby achieving more efficient power distribution and preventing system instability caused by power exceeding the limits of individual PV units. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through RT‐lab hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulations.

A Study on the Exploration of the Development Process of Regenerative Applications of Energy Technologies in Industrial Warehouse Buildings: Bibliometric Research from 2004 to 2024

Due to the high energy consumption characteristics of industrial warehouse buildings, the demand for energy regeneration technology is increasingly urgent. In recent years, with the rapid development of building energy technology, warehouse building energy regeneration technology has made remarkable progress in energy conservation and sustainable development. A deep understanding of the previous research progress and trends can provide the scientific basis for guiding subsequent in-depth research. Through the bibliometric analysis of 145 journal articles collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database between 2004 and 2024, this research has studied the research trends and progress on the application of energy regeneration in industrial warehouse buildings. This study first revealed the overall development trend of energy regeneration technology in warehouse buildings through quantitative analysis, indicating that related research is growing rapidly. Core scholars in the field such as Lund H. and Mathiesen B.V., as well as major journals such as Energy and Sustainability, have been identified through the analysis of the literature. Five core research themes, including energy efficiency improvement and regeneration technology, renewable energy system design, life cycle sustainable technology, renewable energy utility assessment, and policy support and energy consumption simulation, were identified through cluster analysis. Through evolutionary analysis, this study demonstrates the development process of energy regeneration in warehouse buildings and the critical role played by advances in new energy technologies in the field of warehouse construction. On this basis, this study proposes current key research directions, including energy life cycle assessment, energy regeneration environment optimization, and energy system management. The research on the energy regeneration of warehouse buildings has gradually become an important cross-subject of architecture and energy technology, providing technical support for the transformation of low-carbon storage buildings. The analysis of the current research status, evolutionary logic, and research trends can provide scientific references for further in-depth research and technological applications in this field.

Enhancing Interoperability in the Web of Things: A Reference Architecture Approach

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) has fundamentally redefined the connectivity landscape by integrating physical devices with the Internet for data exchange. The Web of Things (WoT) takes this integration a step further by embedding IoT devices within the web, thus facilitating their interoperability. However, the inherent complexity of WoT architecture requires a layer of abstraction to simplify development and integration. Patterns and reference architectures (RAs) provide such an abstraction, modeling solutions for recurrent problems within this domain. In this paper, we aim to develop an RA for the WoT ecosystem. We use architectural patterns to build the RA of the WoT. Here, we present the WoT gateway pattern, which provides a clear and adaptable framework for integrating diverse IoT devices, ensuring seamless communication and functionality within the broader web ecosystem. The purpose of this pattern is twofold: to ensure the interoperability of WoT implementations and to serve as a foundational guide for developers navigating the multifaceted challenges of WoT system design. The pattern also paves the way for building an RA for IoT environments. KEYWORDS Architectural patterns, Internet of Things, reference architecture, web development, web science, WoT

Numerical Simulations of Thermodynamic Processes in the Chamber of a Liquid Piston Compressor for Hydrogen Applications

This paper presents the results of numerical simulations examining the thermodynamic processes during hydraulic hydrogen compression, using COMSOL Multiphysics® 6.0. These simulations focus on the application of hydrogen compression systems, particularly in hydrogen refueling stations. The computational models employ the CFD and heat transfer modules, along with deforming mesh technology, to simulate gas compression and heat transfer dynamics. The superposition method was applied to simplify the analysis of hydrogen and liquid piston interactions within a stainless-steel chamber, accounting for heat exchange between the hydrogen, the oil (working fluid), and the cylinder walls. The study investigates the effects of varying compression stroke durations and initial hydrogen pressures, providing detailed insights into temperature distributions and energy consumption under different conditions. The results reveal that the upper region of the chamber experiences significant heating, highlighting the need for efficient cooling systems. Additionally, the simulations show that longer compression strokes reduce the power requirement for the liquid pump, offering potential for optimizing system design and reducing equipment costs. This study offers crucial data for enhancing the efficiency of hydraulic hydrogen compression systems, paving the way for improved energy consumption and thermal management in high-pressure applications.

Study of Internal Flow in a Liquid Nitrogen Flow Decelerator Through Swirl Effect Consisting of a Jet-Type Cryogenic Injection System for Food Freezing

This article addresses the study of internal flow dynamics within a cryogenic chamber designed for freezing food using liquid nitrogen injection. The chamber features a circular section with strategically placed jet-type atomizers for this purpose. The primary objective is to extend the residence time of the cryogenic fluid within the chamber to ensure uniform and effective freezing of the passing food items. This is achieved by inducing a swirl effect through strategic deceleration of the flow using the atomizers. The meticulous placement of these atomizers at periodic intervals along the internal walls of the cylindrical chamber ensures prolonged recirculation of the internal flow. Internal temperature analysis is crucial to ensure the freezing process. The study is supported by numerical analysis in CFD ANSYS to assess the dynamics of the swirl effect and parameters associated with the nitrogen–air interface, from which we obtain a sophisticated analysis thanks to the design of a hexahedral mesh made in greater detail in ICEM CFD. This approach aims to understand internal flow behavior and its correlation with the complexity of cryogenic system design, utilizing variable nitrogen-injection pressures and strategic atomizer placement as fundamental parameters to optimize system design.

Challenges in Value-Sensitive AI Design: Insights from AI Practitioner Interviews

As AI systems become increasingly prevalent in critical domains, ensuring their alignment with stakeholders’ values is essential. However, recent studies have revealed deficiencies in socio-technical design processes and design activities for AI, particularly in eliciting diverse stakeholder values and integrating them into system design and development. To investigate these challenges empirically, we conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with AI practitioners. Our findings reveal several key challenges faced during AI design and development. Firstly, practitioners struggle with identifying and involving stakeholders due to uncertainties regarding user demo-graphics, and a lack of interdisciplinary expertise. Secondly, they encounter obstacles in integrating values into technologies, citing practical complexities, unclear responsibilities, and limited support. This paper presents a concept map detailing these four primary barriers and discusses potential strategies and recommendations for overcoming them. These strategies revolve around improving value elicitation practices, facilitating more meaningful stakeholder engagement, and understanding the impact of stakeholder values By qualitatively describing the barriers to integrating stakeholder values into AI systems, this study contributes to the emerging field of value-sensitive AI.

Applied fault diagnosis with distributed monitoring systems: Bridging theory with practice

We address the feasibility of the pragmatic implementation of monitoring systems for real-time distributed fault diagnosis in complex processes. We delve into the integration of theoretical distributed estimation methods and practical distributed embedded systems. This study emphasizes the merger of distributed computing and signal processing to augment fault diagnosis in dynamic systems. We introduce a generic mathematical model for distributed fault diagnosis algorithms, laying the groundwork for a reference network computing architecture that details the essential components, organization, and operational characteristics necessary for distributed monitoring systems. Subsequently, we evaluate existing software and hardware solutions that facilitate the realization of these systems. The theoretical framework and system design are empirically validated through an experimental setup involving a liquid-level control system, demonstrating the efficacy and applicability of our approach.

Workplace Aspects of Knowledge and Expertise Sharing Practices Supported by Augmented Reality Systems: Findings from a Design Case Study

AbstractIn this article, we present findings concerning how environment can both impact upon and be impacted by knowledge and expertise sharing practices (KES) supported by augmented reality (AR) systems. We draw on findings from a Design Case Study (DCS) carried out for the design and evaluation of an AR system to support KES in complex production contexts. Our results suggest that the proposed system not only changes the perception of the technical environment but is itself gradually perceived as an element of it. The results also reveal changes in the employees’ focus of attention when working with the AR-aid in question and how they individually adapt to it. Moreover, our findings suggest that the proposed system facilitates a change in the proximity between experts and non-experts, bridging spatial and temporal distances, fostering cooperation between those two categories of workers, at the same time that enhance their autonomy. Overall, the results highlight how changes in the social environment of digitised production cannot be separated from changes in the technical environment.

Historical Evolution, Logical Deconstruction and Future Trends in Marine Ecological Compensation Policies in China

The marine ecological compensation policy has become an important tool for China to protect the ocean and promote the construction of ecological civilization. However, problems such as a fragmented policy system structure and inefficient implementation still plague the sustainable development of marine ecological compensation policy. In the context of the high-quality development of the marine economy in the future, it is necessary to evaluate the current status of the construction of China’s marine ecological compensation policy system and explore the plans to improve the marine ecological compensation policy in depth. This paper takes the marine ecological compensation policies issued from 1982 to 2023 as the analysis sample, uses semantic network analysis to analyze the evolution of China’s marine ecological compensation policy and divides the evolution into four stages based on the focuses of the policies in different periods. This paper uses a policy element model to analyze the scope, direction and dynamic mechanism of the change in the marine ecological compensation policy. The study found that the policy elements at the abstract level remained stable for a long time, and the policy elements at the procedural level and operational level are heterogeneous at different stages; China’s marine ecological compensation has gradually developed in the direction of improved quality, land and sea coordination, full-process supervision and integrated management, and is affected by the macro-environment, institutional demand and supply and cost–benefit coordination and balance. The marine ecological compensation policies should start with the top-level design of the supplementary system, improve the supporting tools and coordinate multiple synergies to promote the improvement of the marine ecological compensation policy system.

Design of a computer vision system for accurate measurement of mango skin defects by surface image slicing

Abstract External features such as color, size, weight, and defect area are among the critical parameters for grading mangoes for export purposes. This paper describes a novel computer vision system (CVS) for the accurate measurement of mango skin defects. A novel algorithm called mango skin image slicing (MSIS) was developed to generate mango slices, each of which includes points of pseudo-equidistance from the camera to accurately calculate the defect area. Based on images captured from 360-degree views, defects on the entire mango surface can be detected. For the first time, a strategy for preventing multiple considerations of the same defects from 360-degree images was introduced based on MSIS. The experimental results revealed that recalculations of the same defects were avoided, and negligible minor defects were excluded, complying with the guidance of the mango exporting firms. The measurement accuracy was evaluated with artificial defects of 100 mm2, yielding a mean error of 6.0 ± 1.4 mm2, which was suitable for defect area measurement considering the mango grading standard. The CVS throughput of approximately 644 mangoes per hour was also a reasonable trade-off for the achieved accuracy and great potential of extending the CVS for more sophisticated classification of non-negligible defects based on the advantages of mango images captured at closer camera–object distances.