State Of System Research Articles

Nonuniform Bose-Einstein condensate. I. An improvement of the Gross-Pitaevskii method

Abstract A nonuniform condensate is usually described by the
Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, which is derived with the help of
the c-number ansatz $\hat{ \Psi}(\mathbf{r},t)=\Psi (\mathbf{r},t)$.
Proceeding from a more accurate operator ansatz
$\hat{\Psi}(\mathbf{r},t)=\hat{a}_{0}\Psi (\mathbf{r},t) \sqrt{N}$,
where $N$ is the number of Bose particles, we find the equation
$i\hbar \frac{\partial \Psi (\mathbf{r},t)}{\partial t}=-\frac{\hbar
^{2}}{2m}\frac{\partial ^{2}\Psi (\mathbf{r},t)}{\partial
\mathbf{r}^{2}}+\left( 1-\frac{1}{N}\right) 2c\Psi
(\mathbf{r},t)|\Psi(\mathbf{r},t)|^{2}$, which we call the GP$_{N}$
equation. It differs from the GP equation by the factor $\left(
1-1/N\right) $. We compare the accuracy of the GP and GP$_{N}$
equations by analysing the ground state of a one-dimensional system
of point bosons with repulsive interaction ($c>0$) and zero boundary
conditions. Both equations are solved numerically, and the system
energy $E$ and the particle density profile $\rho (x)$ are
determined for the mean particle density $\bar{\rho}=1$, different
values of $N$ and of the coupling constant $\gamma =c/\bar{\rho}$.
The solutions are compared with the exact ones obtained by the Bethe
ansatz. The results show that the GP and GP$_{N}$ equations equally
well describe the many-particle system ($N\gtrsim 100$) being in the
weak coupling regime ($N^{-2}\ll \gamma \lesssim 0.1$). But for the
few-boson system ($N\lesssim 10$) with $\gamma \lesssim N^{-2}$ the
solutions of the GP$_{N}$ equation are in much better agreement
with the exact ones. Thus, the multiplier $\left( 1-1/N \right) $
allows one to describe few-boson systems with high accuracy. This
means that it is reasonable to extend the notion of Bose-Einstein
condensation to few-particle systems.

Abstract 4132149: Elevated Levels of Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPS) in Humans and Dogs with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Background: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with increased inflammatory response that contributes to progressive worsening of the HF state. Potential endogenous triggers of this process include damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs originate from within cells following tissue stress or injury and activate pattern recognition receptors of the immune system, triggering an inflammatory response. Mitochondria are the major cell organelles that release DAMPs into the circulation. Chronic HF is associated with multi-organ mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury and death. Purpose: The present study sought to quantify differences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) DAMPs in the setting of HFrEF in humans and dogs compared to normal humans and dogs. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from 9 HFrEF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% and 9 age-matched healthy subjects, and from 6 dogs with coronary microembolization-induced HF (LVEF ≤35%) and 6 normal dogs. DNA fragments were isolated from 1 ml of plasma using a commercially available kit. Quantitative PCR and specifically designed primers were used to measure the amount of DNA in plasma from COX1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1), ND1 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1) and ND6 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6) using an Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast-PCR unit. The relative abundances of plasma mtDNA DAMPs were expressed as threshold cycles (C T ). Results: Compared to normal human subjects, mtDNA DAMPs levels of COX1 , ND1 and ND6 in plasma of HFrEF patients was 4-fold, 9-fold and 8-fold greater, respectively. Similarly, compared to normal dogs, mtDNA DAMPs levels of COX1 , ND1 and ND6 in plasma of HFrEF dogs was increased 48-fold, 12-fold and 4-fold, respectively. Conclusions: These findings indicate a marked increase of mtDNA DAMPs in plasma of humans and dogs with HFrEF. The increase of mtDNA DAMPs is consistent with the elevated systemic inflammatory state of HFrEF. The results underscore mitochondrial abnormalities as integral players in the progressive worsening of HFrEF.

Adaptive state-feedback control for nonlinear systems with input delay and state constraints

This paper investigates the adaptive tracking control for more general nonlinear systems that encompass input delay, state constraints, and parameter uncertainty. Firstly, the parametric nonlinearities of the system are addressed by adaptive control and parameter separation technique. By integrating the Pade approximation method with the barrier Lyapunov function in a unified framework, the uncertainties arising from input delay and state constraints are effectively tackled. Then, an adaptive state-feedback control strategy is constructed based on the backstepping design procedure and rigorous stability analysis. It is verified that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded, the tracking error of the system converges to a compact set of the origin, and the system state constraints are never violated. Finally, the designed controller is applied to a single-link robot system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Neural observer-based output feedback control for electrohydraulic cylinder systems with state constraints and input saturation

The output feedback control for electrohydraulic cylinder systems with state constraints and input saturation is investigated in this paper. For the unmeasured state information, a neural observer is constructed to estimate the velocity and acceleration of electrohydraulic cylinders. Considering the physical limitations of electrohydraulic cylinder systems, the time-varying barrier Lyapunov function is employed to guarantee that the system states are confined within the preset region. In addition, a dynamic auxiliary system is designed to deal with the issue of input saturation. On this basis, an output feedback controller is presented to realize the displacement tracking of the reference trajectory by employing the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed control algorithm can ensure that the control system remains semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). The simulation results also showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The Electron‐Density Distribution of UCl4 and Its Topology from X‐ray Diffraction

AbstractThe chemistry of electrons in actinide complexes and materials is still poorly understood and represents a serious challenge and opportunity for experiment and theory. The study of the electron density distribution of the ground state of such systems through X‐ray diffraction represents a unique opportunity to quantitatively investigate different chemical bonding interactions at once, but was considered “almost impossible” on heavy‐atom systems, until very recently. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the electron density distribution in UCL4 crystals and comparison with the previously reported spin density distribution from polarized neutron diffraction. All approaches provide a consistent picture in terms of electron and spin density distribution, and chemical bond characterization. More importantly, the synergy between experiments and quantum‐mechanical calculations allows to highlight the remarkable sensitivity of X‐ray diffraction to electrons in materials.

Enhancing Resonant Second-Harmonic Generation in Bilayer WSe2 by Layer-Dependent Exciton-Polaron Effect.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials serve as exceptional platforms for controlled second-harmonic generation (SHG). Current approaches to SHG control often depend on nonresonant conditions or symmetry breaking via single-gate control. Here, we employ dual-gate bilayer WSe2 to demonstrate an SHG enhancement concept that leverages strong exciton resonance and a layer-dependent exciton-polaron effect. By selectively localizing injected holes within one layer, we induce exciton-polaron states in the hole-filled layer while maintaining normal exciton states in the charge-neutral layer. The distinct resonant conditions of these layers effectively break interlayer inversion symmetry, thereby promoting resonant SHG. This method achieves a remarkable 40-fold enhancement of SHG at minimal electric field, equivalent to conditions near the dielectric-breakdown threshold but using only ∼3% of the critical breakdown field. Our results highlight SHG sensitivity to carrier density and type, offering a new tool for manipulating SHG and probing quantum states in 2D excitonic systems.

PECULIARITIES OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND PREDOMINANCE OF PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY

The use of orthodontic treatment for patients with generalized periodontitis enhances the effectiveness of comprehensive care. However, it is important to consider the reduced capacity for alveolar bone regeneration in these patients. Therefore, as part of the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis, the inclusion of medications to support alveolar bone regeneration is essential. The course of various diseases can be influenced by the state of the patient’s autonomic nervous system. In this study, medications were administered to normalize parasympathetic nervous system activity in patients with generalized periodontitis undergoing orthodontic treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment in patients with generalized periodontitis, particularly those with a predominance of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity. This was assessed by the supplementary use of a combination of drugs designed to stimulate alveolar bone formation and regulate parasympathetic nervous system function. Materials and methods. This study involved 35 young patients (aged 18-35) with generalized periodontitis and a predominance of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity, all of whom presented with displacement of the maxillary frontal teeth. These patients underwent orthodontic treatment. To correct the state of the autonomic nervous system over the treatment of generalized periodontitis, patients were prescribed to take a complex of medicines including the preparation “Calcinova” for stimulating osteogenesis. A comprehensive periodontal examination, including the assessment of hygienic indices, was conducted to evaluate periodontal status throughout the treatment. Results. The periodontal examination revealed that almost all patients demonstated an improvement in oral health. Noticeable dynamics in the pathological process were observed as a result of the complex treatment. The analysis of these findings underscores the importance of orthodontic treatment for patients with generalized periodontitis, particularly when combined with methods to correct parasympathetic nervous system activity and promote osteogenesis. This approach was shown to positively affect periodontal tissues and enhance the effectiveness of generalized periodontitis treatment. Conclusions. Correction of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system function enhances the effectiveness of therapy. In this study, a complex of medications was used to improve parasympathetic nervous system activity. The addition of “Calcinova” to stimulate osteogenesis further contributed to achieving more stable treatment outcomes in patients with generalized periodontitis.

Adaptive Generalized Extended State Observer for a Single Phase PV Grid-connected System Operating Under the Sudanese-Sahelian Climate of Cameroon

Knowing the health of a system allows to guarante its efficiency and sustainability. The state observer is one of several techniques used by authors to estimate system state. This paper focuses on the problem of simultaneous states estimation of DC (Direct Current) and AC (Alternating Current) sides of a single-phase Photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected operating under the Sudanese-Sahelian climate of Cameroon. A generalized extended state observer (GESO) has been designed to simultaneously estimate the three states and the three disturbances of the system. A good estimation of the state and disturbances is achieved by the appropriate choice of the observer gain and the disturbance compensation gain resulting from the correct pole placement. The GESO robustness has been tested by varying the PV voltage and grid voltage. When there are no input fluctuations, the estimation errors of nominal states and disturbances converge to zero. The fluctuation in PV voltage resulting from partial shading has a significant impact on the boost converter current. The boost converter current varies proportionally with the drop in voltage due to partial shading from 55% to 59%. Under the grid voltage fluctuation, the boost converter current remains stable while the DC bus voltage and inverter current are significantly affected. The proposed GESO prove its robustness to perturbations from the PV array and grid side into the Single-Phase PV Grid-connected System. This paper contributes to the study of observers applied to the PV system and points the way to future work on diagnosing faults in PV systems operating in Cameroon's Sudanese-Sahelian climate.

Adaptive third-order integral sliding mode control for the mobile petroleum crane-form pipelines system with input bounded

The mobile petroleum crane-form pipelines (MPCFP) system is one of the most important mechanical equipment in the petrochemical industry, consisting of rigid pipelines and rotating elbows, mainly used for loading and unloading petrochemical fluids. This paper proposes a novel neural network adaptive third-order integral sliding mode tracking control strategy with bounded inputs to achieve automatic alignment between the MPCFP system and the inlet of the tank truck. The proposed strategy replaces normal system inputs with the time derivative of the control torque. Although there are discontinuous terms in the derivative of the control torque, the integrated control torque is continuous. This unique feature ensures finite-time convergence of system state errors and eliminates sliding mode chattering. To address the issues of bounded input and modeling error, a state compensation method is introduced, and a neural network adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the modeling error. The stability proof process employs the Lyapunov function method, demonstrating that the system state error can converge to zero. Numerous simulation experiments validate the effectiveness of this control strategy.

Difficulties in differential diagnosis of preeclampsia and acute surgical pathology

Aim: to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome among patients hospitalized in surgical departments with complaints of pain in the epigastrium, right hypochondrium and/or nausea and vomiting. Material and methods. An analysis was carried out of visits from pregnant women over 20 weeks to the surgical department in 2023 and 42 cases of hospitalization of pregnant patients with suspected acute surgical pathology hospitalized in surgical departments No. 6 and No. 7 of the Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after. N.I. Pirogov." The following parameters were assessed: age, gestational age, complaints at the time of admission, general blood test data, urine, biochemical blood parameters (ALT, AST, total protein, creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, LDH, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, CRP), the presence of protein in urine, the state of the hemostatic system, the condition of the fetus according to ultrasound, ultrasound, CTG, the presence of obstetric and gynecological pathology and somatic diseases. Results. Patients with acute appendicitis (7 out of 42 pregnant women) were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 35 patients, the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome was made in 3 cases (8.6%), in 2 cases gestational hypertension or protineria (5.7%) - the main group. Cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis - in 2 cases (5.7%), in other cases the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made - 28 patients (80.0%). The work provides a comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters of patients in two groups - with obstetric and surgical pathology. An clinical case of a combination of severe PE with the development of HELLP-syndrome and cholecystitis is also presented. Conclusions. Based on numerous literature data and the results of our work, we can confidently say that the differential diagnosis between obstetric complications such as PE and HELLP syndrome and acute surgical pathology still remains a pressing interdisciplinary problem. Severe forms of PE can take the form of acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, or exacerbation of chronic diseases of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. According to the results of our observation, this phenomenon occurred in 15% of patients hospitalized in surgical departments.

Longitudinal dynamic behavior study of a vibrating rod connected through an elastic nonlinear single degree freedom coupler

This research explores the efficacy of integrating nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems in the vibration control of rod coupling systems. By interlinking two rods with a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom system as the intermediary, the study employs the Lagrange method (LM) to forecast nonlinear vibrational behaviors. The findings, substantiated by numerical analyses, affirm the precision of LM in gauging the amplitude responses when such a nonlinear system is utilized. The nonlinear dynamics, characterized by intricate vibrational patterns, peak jumping phenomena, and the migration of resonance zones, are induced by the nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom system. By fine-tuning the system’s parameters, significant alterations in the vibrational states of the rod coupling system are achievable. This suggests that the application of a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom system is a viable strategy for modulating vibrations in rod systems. Furthermore, optimal parameterization of this system is proven to effectively dampen vibrations, showcasing its potential as a sophisticated mechanism for vibration suppression in coupled rod configurations.

An Improved Gold(I) Catalytic System for the Preparation of Coumarins via Intramolecular Cyclization.

A catalytic system comprising a gold(I) complex with an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand in an ionic liquid as solvent exhibits higher catalytic efficiency compared to state of the art systems in the title reaction, which enables using down to 0.01 mol % gold. A commercial gold(I) catalyst such as IPrAuNTf2 can be employed for this purpose. In the case of less reactive substrates bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at the phenol moiety, a tailor made NHC-gold(I) precatalyst exhibits improved reactivity and can be advantageously employed compared to the commercial one.

Comparison of the effectiveness of drug therapy and non-drug technology of post-COVID rehabilitation of workers with intensive computer load

Currently, there is sufficient evidence of the importance and clinical effectiveness of non-drug therapy. The scientific discussion on the priority of the clinical application of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of rehabilitation of patients with mononeuropathies has acquired particular importance against the background of neurological post-COVID complications in patients with COVID-19. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of drug therapy and non–drug technology of post-covid rehabilitation of workers with intensive computer workload based on the study of clinical and laboratory parameters. Scientists have conducted a survey of two groups of workers with intensive computer workload who underwent rehabilitation after COVID-19 with the use of drug therapy and non-drug technologies, including balneotherapy, drinking narcotherapy, aerosol inhalations, low-frequency magnetic therapy. The authors have evaluated the effectiveness of therapy based on the results of studies of asthenization, degree of fatigue, latent coronary insufficiency, the state of the blood microcirculation system, immune status, the state of the POL-AOSIS system and endogenous intoxication of patients. Asthenization, the degree of fatigue, and latent coronary insufficiency decreased in the majority of the examined patients after post-COVID non-drug measures. Whereas in patients of the drug group, a decrease in these indicators was noted in a small number of examined patients. The indicators of the immune status of patients after non-drug therapy returned to normal, after drug therapy they only approached the limits of the norm, but did not reach it. After the treatment, the indicators of lipid peroxidation in the group of patients undergoing post-COVID rehabilitation using non-drug technologies decreased more significantly than in the group receiving drug treatment. The content of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and ceruloplasmin and the fat-soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol after treatment increases in both groups, but in the group of drug treatment they do not reach the lower limit of the reference intervals. The decrease in the content of medium-molecular peptides is more pronounced when using non-drug technologies. The application of the proposed non-drug technology for the rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID syndrome who are subjected to intense computer loads during work showed a significantly more pronounced normalization of asthenization, fatigue, latent coronary insufficiency and the state of the blood microcirculation system, immune status, the state of the POL-AOSIS system and endogenous intoxication of patients. The data obtained indicate a high therapeutic effect of the use of non-drug technology. Limitations. The surveyed groups included only persons permanently registered in Kislovodsk. Ethics. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of biomedical ethics and approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupation Health, Moscow (Protocol No. 4 dated 04/14/2021). Each participant of the study submitted a voluntary written informed consent signed by him after explaining to him the potential risks and benefits.

Predictive observer–based control for lower triangular time-delay systems subject to mismatched disturbances

This paper develops a predictive observer–based control (PO-BC) scheme to address the output stabilization problem of a class of time-delay systems subject to mismatched complex disturbances. Initially, a novel predictive observer is proposed to anticipate future information related to both disturbances and system states. By integrating these predictions, a composite controller is constructed, comprising feedback and feedforward compensation. A systematic approach for selecting control parameters is presented to facilitate easy implementation. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that as long as appropriate parameters are selected, the predictive observer can accurately predict both disturbances and system states, and the system’s output can asymptotically converge to zero. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through sufficient simulations.

Understanding Electric Current Effects on Tribological Behaviors of Instantaneous Current-Carrying Pair With Recurrence Plot

Abstract Armature–rail instantaneous current-carrying friction in electromagnetic launchers refers to a sliding electric-mechanical impact friction and transition-induced arc erosion on a millisecond time scale. To reveal the electric current (50–300 A) effects on friction behavior and wear mechanism, the instantaneous current-carrying friction tests were performed with Al 1060 and Brass H62. Given the short nonlinear friction-induced signals, the friction behavior, including the time-domain information and system state, was comprehensively analyzed via frictional sound pressure (FSP), recurrence plot (RP), and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). The wear topography was observed and characterized by the multifractal spectrum. Recurrence analyses demonstrate that as the current increases, the nonstationarity of the system state weakens, and the complexity and unpredictability enhance. Higher currents reduce the FSP amplitude, i.e., enhance the interfacial lubrication effect, but intensify electrical wear and surface roughness. This signifies a wear mechanism transition from abrasive wear and slight adhesive wear to arc ablation, fatigue wear, and severe adhesive wear. The widening spectrum width implies that the irregularity and fluctuation of the topography are enhanced with the current. RP patterns and RQA quantifiers correlate with the wear damage state. The results provide a reference for antiwear design and online degradation tracking of the rail.

Steerability detection of quantum states in qubit-qutrit systems via machine learning

Steerability detection of quantum states in qubit-qutrit systems via machine learning

Dynamic event-triggered fault-tolerant control for nonaffine systems with asymmetric error constraint

This paper focuses on the problem of dynamic event-triggered fault-tolerant control (FTC) for nonaffine systems with unmeasurable state and asymmetric error constrain. At first, an adaptive failure compensation observer is designed to calculate unpredictable state of the nonaffine systems. Then, a dynamic event triggering strategy (DETS) is constructed to adjust the control signal and make it more flexible in transmission. Next, a new error-dependent conversion function (EDCF) is designed to confine tracing error, which can ensure that the designed Lyapunov function is always positive definite, and extend the symmetric constraint boundary to the asymmetric constraint boundary. The tracking performance and stability of closed-loop systems are proven through Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, the availability of this method is verified by simulation experiments.

PROBLEMS OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL HEALTHCARE (based on materials from the administrative department of Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks))

The article reveals health problems in the City of Gorky and Gorky Region in the period of 1945 – early 1950s. Topicality of the study is connected, first of all, with the insufficient development of this topic in historiography. On the other hand, the secrecy of a number of archival funds and the gradual work on declassifying socially significant documents require their timely involvement in scientific circulation. The source base is the materials of the State Socio-Political Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region and the Central Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region. The City of Gorky and the regional centres of Gorky Region, especially Dzerzhinsk, were important industrial centres in the post-war period. Gorky was also one of the major transport hubs. The article notes that these factors directly influenced the development of regional medicine. With the outbreak of the Cold War, medical documentation became closed. The author focuses on the analysis of medical documents of the administrative department of Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Data on the state of health care in the region is just at the moment being introduced into scientific circulation. The research is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and determinism. Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative historicism, chronology were used. The novelty of the research lies in obtaining new knowledge about the conditions of the state, functioning and reform of the health care system of Gorky Region, as well as about the organisation of fighting social diseases, such as venereal ones and tuberculosis, in the post-war period. The author highlights the main problems of regional medicine of the period under study and the proposals of Party bodies to resolve socially significant issues.

Implementation of basic education management in Grobogan district: Analysis and model development

Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System states that citizens have the right to obtain basic education for children aged seven to fifteen years. In addition, it is also a commitment to the implementation of Grobogan district’s regional regulation No 5 of 2019 on education implementation, especially article 12 related to the obligation of local governments to ensure the implementation of basic education according to their authority. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the basic education management program in Grobogan district; analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the basic education management program in Grobogan district; formulate a model for implementing the basic education management program in Grobogan district. The method used in this research is qualitative. This method was used to analyse the phenomenon of policy implementation of the basic education management program in Grobogan district. The research site was in Grobogan district. The informants are policy actors who know a lot about the basic education program in Grobogan district. The results show that the implementation of the Grobogan district education office’s policy on basic education management consists of three areas, namely (1) equalization and expansion of access to education; (2) improvement of quality, relevance and competitiveness; (3) education governance and accountability. These three areas aim to achieve the national standards of education and the minimum service standards of education.

Clipper: Online Joint Client Sampling and Power Allocation for Wireless Federated Learning

Communication overhead is a main bottleneck in federated learning (FL) especially in the wireless environment due to the limited data rate and unstable radio channels. The communication challenge necessitates holistic selection of participating clients that accounts for both the computation needs and communication cost, as well as judicious allocation of the limited transmission resource. Meanwhile, the random unpredictable nature of both the training data samples and the communication channels requires an online optimization approach that adapts to the changing system state over time. In this work, we consider a general framework of online joint client sampling and power allocation for wireless FL under time-varying communication channels. We formulate it as a stochastic network optimization problem that admits a Lyapunov-typed solution approach. This leads to per-training-round subproblems with a special bi-convex structure, which we leverage to propose globally optimal solutions, culminating in a meta algorithm that provides strong performance guarantees. We further study three specific FL problems covering multiple scenarios, namely with IID or non-IID data, whether robustness against data drift is required, and with unbiased or biased client sampling. We derive detailed algorithms for each of these problems. Simulation with standard classification tasks demonstrate that the proposed communication-aware algorithms outperform their counterparts under a wide range of learning and communication scenarios.