Fungal Infections Research Articles

The Cryptococcus neoformans STRIPAK complex controls genome stability, sexual development, and virulence.

This study focused on a highly conserved protein signaling complex known as STRIPAK, which is important for various developmental processes in fungi and humans. By investigating the functions of this complex in Cryptococcus neoformans , it was discovered to play crucial roles in maintaining genome stability, sexual development, and pathogenesis. In particular, mutations in the genes encoding two subunits of the STRIPAK complex were found to lead to significant defects, including abnormal growth and cell morphology, compromised stress response, and impaired virulence. Interestingly, mutation of a third STRIPAK complex subunit resulted in hypervirulence, characterized by increased thermotolerance, enhanced production of melanin pigment and polysaccharide capsule, and reduced survival in infected animals. Our findings reveal that the STRIPAK complex is an important regulator of growth and virulence of C. neoformans , highlighting its potential as a target for therapies aimed at combating fungal infections. This work furthers understanding of how the STRIPAK complex functions in Cryptococcus , and also in other organisms including humans, where related protein phosphatase complexes govern key cellular processes.

Microbial keratitis in north-western Spain: a review of risk factors, microbiological profile and resistance patterns.

To review the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and microbiological profiles of microbial keratitis cases, as well as the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in the region of Galicia, Spain. This retrospective case series includes patients with culture-positive non-viral microbial keratitis between 2010 and 2020, treated at nine hospitals within the region of Galicia, North-West Spain. The standard protocol involved Gram staining for bacterial infections and calcofluor white staining for fungal or amoebal infections, identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or microscopy, and antimicrobial susceptibility interpreted according to EUCAST or CLSI guidelines. 780 microorganisms were isolated from corneal scraping cultures from 654 patients. 36.9% resided in urban areas, and 63.1% in rural areas. Isolates were more frequently collected in spring and summer. The median time to corneal scraping was 0 days (IQR 0-2), and the median time to epithelialisation was 24.0 days (IQR 11-49). Most cases had a single corneal infiltrate (509 cases; 77.8%) and affected the stroma (432; 66.1%), with small (< 3mm) epithelial defects (347; 53.1%). Significant risk factors included contact lens wear (24.2%) and exposure to organic matter (4.9%). The most frequent bacteria was CoNS (207; 26.4). Fungi (77; 9.9%) and amoebae (6; 0.8%) were less common. Steroid use and eyelid disease increased resistance in CoNS species. An increase in the percentage of MRSA (compared to MSSA) was detected over the study period (p = 0.045). In Galicia (Spain), microbial keratitis was mostly attributed to CoNS. An increase in MRSA keratitis was observed. Analysis of risk factors may help in suspecting antibiotic resistance. Surveillance programs for detecting the development of antimicrobial resistance are necessary to provide treatment guidelines based on local data.

ADVANCING TOPICAL POSACONAZOLE DELIVERY: BOX BEHNKEN DESIGN MICROSPONGE HYDROGEL OPTIMIZATION AND EXTENSIVE IN VIVO INVESTIGATION

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to develop a novel hydrogel formulation containing Posaconazole (PCZ) encapsulated within microsponges. Furthermore, the study aimed to assess the permeation properties of this formulation in vivo using a mouse model. Methods: To achieve this aim, a series of seventeen trials were conducted using the Box Behnken Design methodology. These trials were designed to optimize the production of PCZ Microsponges (PCZ MS), which were subsequently incorporated into a hydrogel matrix. Skin permeation studies were then performed to evaluate the ability of the PCZ microsponge-based hydrogel to deliver the drug across the skin barrier. These studies involved comparison with a standard hydrogel formulation lacking microsponges. Results: This study assessed the efficacy of microsponge gel formulation PM-3 for drug entrapment, yield, and sustained release compared to a conventional gel. PM-3 displayed the highest entrapment efficiency of 98.5% and a yield of 95.62%, indicating a direct correlation with the 1:1 drug-polymer ratio. Moreover, PM-3 exhibited sustained drug release over 12 h, releasing 83.82% of PCZ compared to 65.31% with the normal gel, suggesting its potential for prolonged therapeutic action. These findings underscore the promise of microsponge-based hydrogels, like PM-3, in enhancing therapeutic outcomes through sustained drug release, warranting further exploration for clinical applications. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the promising potential of microsponge-based hydrogels as effective carriers for localized drug delivery, particularly in the context of treating skin fungal infections.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LULICONAZOLE NANOEMULGEL USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN APPROACH

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop and assess a Luliconazole-loaded nano emulgel for topical application. Methods: Nanoemulsion of Luliconazole was prepared by ultrasonication method. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed to determine the ideal ratio of oil and the surfactant/co-surfactant mixture for nanoemulsion preparation. The Box Behnken statistical design was utilized to optimize the nanoemulsion. The optimized batch of nanoemulsion was incorporated into the 1% Carbopol gel as nanoemulgel. It was evaluated for various parameters like globule size, zeta potential, pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, drug release, ex vivo permeation study, in vivo animal skin irritation study, and histopathology studies. Results: The optimized formulation showed a globule size of 130.5 nm and entrapment efficiency of 80% and the values were found to be within±5% of predicted values, indicating the suggested statistical model was significant at 95% of confidence interval. The zeta potential of the formulation was found to be-22.1 mV, indicating enhanced stability of the formulation. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the formulation had a smooth surface texture with a mean globule size meeting the nanoscale size range. The drug release study demonstrated a sustained release pattern for the formulation, with a maximum release of 74.93±0.8% over 8 h. The formulated gel exhibited appreciable ex vivo permeability. An in vivo skin irritation test on Wister rats showed no signs of skin irritation from the formulation. The histopathological examination further confirmed that the formulation was dermatologically safe, exhibiting no toxicity or irritation. Conclusion: The results of the present study concluded that Luliconazole-loaded nanoemulgel could be a potential topical drug delivery approach for the management of fungal infections.

Rapidly Developing and Elusive Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis

Purpose: To report a case of rapidly progressing rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis that was particularly difficult to diagnose, initially presenting as orbital apex syndrome. Major findings: In this case, a 59-year-old male patient with uncontrolled diabetes presented with a history of facial pain with no ocular involvement. Within 1 day of hospitalization, the patient developed complete ophthalmoplegia and total visual impairment of the right eye. Over the course of 2 hospital stays, several biopsies resulted in no significant histopathological findings, and several cultures resulted in growth of only a single colony of rhizopus mucor from the sinonasal mucosa. Given the high clinical suspicion of an invasive fungal infection, a universal PCR test was performed from a rapidly developing abscess in the frontal lobe and confirmed a diagnosis of mucormycosis. Conclusions: Orbital apex syndrome is a significant diagnosis that can be caused by a variety of factors, including those of fungal, bacterial, neoplastic, or inflammatory origin. Fungal infections, are a particularly concerning cause of orbital apex syndrome, given their ability to penetrate in and through the orbit to the brain, often resulting in an alarmingly high mortality rate. Mucormycosis, specifically rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis, is a very severe opportunistic invasive fungal infection, most often afflicting the immunocompromised. A clinician must be very thorough in their workup so as to not miss such a devastating diagnosis. Histopathology and cell cultures are currently the gold standard for diagnosis, with the potential to augment their technical success through the use of molecular techniques, such as universal PCR.

Combating Fungal Infections and Resistance with a Dual-Mechanism Luminogen to Disrupt Membrane Integrity and Induce DNA Damage.

Antifungal drug resistance is a critical concern, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. The dual-targeting mechanism of action (MoA), as an effective strategy to reduce drug resistance, has been validated in the design of antibacterial agents. However, the structural similarities between mammalian and fungal cells complicate the development of such a strategy for antifungal agents as the selectivity can be compromised. Herein, we introduce a dual-targeting strategy addressing fungal infections by selectively introducing DNA binding molecules into fungal nuclei. We incorporate rigid hydrophobic units into a DNA-binding domain to fabricate antifungal luminogens of TPY and TPZ, which exhibit enhanced membrane penetration and DNA-binding capabilities. These compounds exhibit dual-targeting MoA by depolarizing fungal membranes and inducing DNA damage, amplifying their potency against fungal pathogens with undetectable drug resistance. TPY and TPZ demonstrated robust antifungal activity in vitro and exhibited ideal therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of C. albicans-induced vaginitis. This multifaceted approach holds promise for overcoming drug resistance and advancing antifungal therapy.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antimicrobial Drugs in Children with Cancer: A New Tool for Personalized Medicine.

The risk of fungal, bacterial, and viral infections is higher in children with hematological and solid malignancies, particularly during periods of profound neutropenia. Although early administration of antimicrobial agents is common, optimizing pharmacological therapy in pediatric patients with cancer is challenging because of their variable pharmacokinetics compared with adults, including differences in body mass and augmented renal clearance, as well as chemotherapy-induced organ toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring, which involves measuring drug concentrations in serum or plasma at specific timepoints and adjusting doses accordingly, can be applied to various medications. While standardized targets for all antimicrobial agents in children are lacking, therapeutic drug monitoring appears to be beneficial in preventing serious toxicity and addressing treatment failure or non-compliance. This narrative review aims to analyze current perspectives on therapeutic drug monitoring for antimicrobial drugs in the special population of children with hematological or oncological diseases, including those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. The review provides evidence on the clinical benefits of this method and explores potential future developments in this area.

Natural Antimicrobial Monoterpenes as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Vaginal Infections: A Review

The recurrence and relapse of vaginal infections in women is a major issue and a challenging pathway to identify and develop new approaches to treatment. In the case of antibiotic therapy, contraceptives, and dietary changes, the recurrence of vaginitis is more common these days. Anaerobic bacteria, Candida spp., and trichomonas in the vaginal microflora cause both symptomatic and asymptomatic vaginitis, which includes vaginal inflammation. It changes the vaginal microbiota and decreases Lactobacilli spp. growth, which is maintaining the vaginal pH (3.5-4.5) through lactic acid production, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocin, and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances. The remarkable antimicrobial activity of plant’s producing metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids for several vaginal infections have been reported in previous studies. Presented review focuses on the pivotal role of monoterpenes, providing a detailed description of thymol, geraniol, limonene, eugenol, eucalyptol, and α-terpineol as antimicrobial molecules in the treatment of vaginal infections. These monoterpenes are very good at killing E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans which are the main microbes that cause vaginitis. Future research could explore the latent combinations of such monoterpenes as synergistic antimicrobial agents to treat bacterial and fungal vaginal infections, trichomoniasis, among other conditions.

Applications of Nanotechnology in Combating Fungal Diseases in Humans: An Updated Review

In recent years, fungal infections caused by filamentous fungi have posed a serious threat to public health worldwide. Fungi such as Aspergillus, Coccidioides, and Mucorales (the most common filamentous fungi), as well as Candida auris (a non-filamentous fungus), can cause infections in humans. It can cause serious life-threatening diseases in individuals with weakened immune systems, patients infected with HIV/AIDS, uncontrolled diabetes, blood disorders, organ transplants, and chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the available nan formulations (metallic and polymeric nanoparticles) that have been developed to enhance efficacy and reduce the number of adverse effects following the administration of conventional antifungals. The burden posed by fungal infections on human health is increasing worldwide. Fungi such as Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus are among the most common pathogens responsible for human diseases, accounting for over 90% of infection-related deaths. Moreover, effective antifungal treatments are not available, primarily due to host toxicity, pathogen resistance, and immunodeficiency. In recent years, nanomaterials have proven to be not only more efficient antifungal therapeutic agents but also capable of overcoming fungal drug resistance".

The role of ingrown hairs in persistent kerion of children: A clinical study.

Tinea capitis, a common public health problem in developing countries, has severe forms such as kerion. However, the underlying mechanisms and standard treatments for persistent cases of tinea capitis or kerion remain controversial. In this work, we investigate the ingrown hairs and corresponding treatment in persistent kerion of children. Children with persistent kerion were enrolled among 312 cases of tinea capitis at the Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2024. The presence of fungal infection was ascertained by direct microscopic examination under calcofluor white staining and routine culture. The structure of the ingrown hairs was observed directly by a dermatoscope, which was subsequently extracted using sterile tools. A total of six cases of persistent kerion among 312 cases of tinea capitis were enrolled. Ingrown hairs were ascertained under dermatoscopy and extracted by minor operation. Except for one patient who continued oral terbinafine, the other five cases were cured by removal alone. Ingrown hairs, induced by fungal infection, may be an aggravating factor of persistent course of tinea capitis. Our study demonstrated that the presence of ingrown hairs could be confirmed through direct dermatoscopy, and patients experienced significant improvement following removal treatment under dermatoscopy.

Antifungal Properties of Sargassum cinereum and Padina boergesenii Extracts Against Fungi Associated with Strawberry Fruits Concerning Mycotoxin Production

Strawberries are susceptible to decay and destruction while being harvested and stored. This study had the following objectives: (1) the documentation of fungi and mycotoxin production associated with infected strawberry fruits; (2) the evaluation of the primary phytochemicals of Sargassum cinereum and Padina boergesenii by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis to identify the active chemical composition of the seaweed extracts; and (3) the assessment of the antifungal activity of five extracts from brown seaweeds both in vitro and in vivo against fungal infections on fresh fruit under post-harvest conditions. The most common fungi were Aspergillus niger 14.36%, Botrytis cinerea 38.29%, and Mucor irregularis 16.88%. Padina boergesenii acetone extract had the highest in vitro antifungal activity. The methanol extracts of both S. cinereum and P. boergesenii were effective against the pathogenicity and aggressiveness (in vivo) on post-harvest strawberry fruits. B. cinerea could produce botrydial and dihydrobotrydial toxins with concentrations of 8.14 µg/mL and 4.26 µg/mL, respectively. A. niger could produce ochratoxin A with a concentration of 10.05 µg/mL. The present study demonstrates that the extracts of macroalgae S. cinereum and P. boergesenii contain secondary metabolites and antioxidants, indicating their potential utilization in antifungal applications.

Nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel-based carriers as advanced delivery tools for the treatment of oral diseases.

Oral diseases rank among the most widespread ailments worldwide posing significant global health and economic challenges affecting around 3.5billion people, impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. Dental caries, periodontal disease, bacterial and fungal infections, tooth loss and oral malignancies are among the most prevalent global clinical disorders contributing to oral health burden. Traditional treatments for oral diseases often face challenges such as poor drug bioavailability, breakdown of medication in saliva, inconsistent antibiotic levels at the site of periodontal infection as well as higher side effects. However, the emergence of nanoemulgel (NEG) as an innovative drug delivery system offers promising solutions where NEG combines the advantages of both nanoemulsions (NEs) and hydrogels providing improved drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery. Due to their minuscule size and ability to control drug release, NEGs hold promise for improving treatment of oral diseases, where versatility of these delivery systems makes them suitable for various applications, including topical delivery in dentistry. This review concisely outlines the anatomy of the oral environment and investigates the therapeutic potential of NE-based gels in oral disorder treatment. It thoroughly examines the challenges of drug delivery in the oral cavity and proposes strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy, drawing attention to previous research reports for comparison. Through comprehensive analysis, the review highlights the promising role of NEGs as a novel therapeutic approach for oral health management via research advancements and their clinical translation. Additionally, it provides valuable insights into future research directions and development opportunities in this area.

Development of a whole-cell SELEX process to select species-specific aptamers against Aspergillus niger

BackgroundSpores produced by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger are abundant in a variety of environments. The proliferation of this fungus in indoor environments has been associated to health risks and its conidia can cause allergic reaction and severe invasive disease in animals and humans. Therefore, the detection and monitoring of Aspergillus conidia is of utmost importance to prevent serious fungal infections and contaminations. Among others, aptamers could serve as biosensors for the specific detection of fungal spores.ResultsIn this study, DNA aptamers specific to conidia of A. niger were developed by optimizing a whole-cell SELEX approach. Three whole-cells SELEX experiments were performed in parallel with similar conditions. Quantification of recovered ssDNA and melting curve analyses were applied to monitor the ongoing SELEX process. Next-generation sequencing was performed on selected recovered ssDNA pools, allowing the identification of DNA aptamers which bind with high affinity to the target cells. The developed aptamers were shown to be species-specific, being able to bind to A. niger but not to A. tubingensis or to A. nidulans. The binding affinity of two aptamers (AN01-R9-006 and AN02-R9-185) was measured to be 58.97 nM and 138.71 nM, respectively, which is in the range of previously developed aptamers.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that species-specific aptamers can be successfully developed via whole-cell SELEX to distinguish different Aspergillus species and opens up new opportunities in the field of diagnostics of fungal infections.

Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Deferasirox: A Promising Strategy Against Invasive Aspergillosis

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a deadly fungal lung infection. Antifungal resistance and treatment side effects are major concerns. Iron chelators are vital for IA management, but systemic use can cause side effects. We developed nanoparticles (NPs) to selectively deliver the iron chelator deferasirox (DFX) for IA treatment. Methods: DFX was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs using a single emulsion solvent evaporation method. The NPs were characterized by light scattering and electron microscopy. DFX loading efficiency and release were assessed spectrophotometrically. Toxicity was evaluated using SRB, luciferase, and XTT assays. Therapeutic efficacy was tested in an IA mouse model, assessing fungal burden by qPCR and biodistribution via imaging. Results: DFX-NPs had a size of ~50 nm and a charge of ~−30 mV, with a loading efficiency of ~80%. Release kinetics showed DFX release via diffusion and bioerosion. The EC50 of DFX-NPs was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.001) than the free drug, and they were significantly less toxic (p &lt; 0.0001) in mammalian cell cultures. In vivo, NP treatment significantly reduced Af burden (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The designed DFX-NPs effectively target and kill Af with minimal toxicity to mammalian cells. The significant in vivo therapeutic efficacy suggests these NPs could be a safe and effective treatment for IA.

Identification of Some Fungi Causing Skin Infection and its Relationship with Some Blood Test of Tinea Patients in Tikrit City

Dermatophytes infection is a common problem worldwide and frequent in Iraq. Several reports and articles were published on prevalence, distribution, causes and treatment of dermatophytosis. The current study included the collection of 100 clinical samples (70 skin peels, 20 hair samples and 10 nail samples), as well as 50 blood samples from patients with dermatophytes and skin consultants in Tikrit City and 20 healthy blood samples for the period from November 2023 to March 2024. The results showed that the most common dermatophytes isolated was Microsporum canis and T.rubrum 10 (20 %) isolates from 50 total , followed by M.gypseum, 6(12%) and 5(10%) T.mentagrophytes and T.verrucosum and 4(8 %) isolates E. floccosum and T.erinacei and finally appeared 3(6 %) isolate T.schoenleinii and T.concentricum. The results of the statistical analysis showed non significant difference P &lt;0.05 in the total number of white blood cells and monocyte (5.15 ± 2.636, 0.89±0.51) in patients with dermatophytes compared with the group Control mean± SD (5.73±1.821, ± 0.69 ± 1.591) respectively. Lymphocytes significant decreased (1.82 ± 1.301) in patients with dermatophytes compared to control group (4.60 ± 1.35) P≤0.01. Furthermore granlocytes increased (2.30±1.591) in patients with dermatophytes compared to control group (0.33± 0.403) P&lt;0.01. The study concluded that perhaps the reduction of some of the body's WBCs parameters has an important role in the incidence of fungal infection in people infected with them when compared to healthy people.

Prevalence of Superficial Dermatophyte Fungal Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Fez, Morocco: An 8-Year Retrospective Study

Prevalence of Superficial Dermatophyte Fungal Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Fez, Morocco: An 8-Year Retrospective Study

Two distinct clinical progressions of P67phox-deficient CGD, both commencing with cervical lymphadenitis.

We present two rare cases of p67phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the NCF2 gene. They developed cervical lymphadenitis as the initial manifestation of CGD but had distinct clinical progressions. Patient 1 presented with aspergillous meningitis, an extremely rare manifestation of neurological involvement in CGD, which has not been reported before. Patient 2 presented with non-infectious inflammatory lymphadenitis is also very rare and has not been reported previously. These cases emphasize the importance of considering p67phox-deficient CGD in children with late-onset invasive fungal infections and non-infectious inflammatory lesions. Additionally, we also reviewed previous reports of Chinese patients with P67phox-Deficient CGD. Our objective is to raise awareness about the clinical, diagnostic, and genetic characteristics of P67phox-deficient CGD in China, to reduce misdiagnosis and improve the management and prognosis of the disease.

Batzelladine D, a Marine Natural Product, Reverses the Fluconazole Resistance Phenotype Mediated by Transmembrane Transporters in Candida albicans and Interferes with Its Biofilm: An In Vitro and In Silico Study

Numerous Candida species are responsible for fungal infections; however, Candida albicans stands out among the others. Treatment with fluconazole is often ineffective due to the resistance phenotype mediated by transmembrane transporters and/or biofilm formation, mechanisms of resistance commonly found in C. albicans strains. A previous study by our group demonstrated that batzelladine D can inhibit the Pdr5p transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the efficacy of batzelladine D in inhibiting the main efflux pumps of Candida albicans, CaCdr1p and CaCdr2p, as well as to evaluate the effect of the compound on C. albicans biofilm. Assays were conducted using a clinical isolate of Candida albicans expressing both transporters. Additionally, to allow the study of each transporter, S. cerevisiae mutant strains overexpressing CaCdr1p or CaCdr2p were used. Batzelladine D was able to reverse the fluconazole resistance phenotype by acting on both transporters. The compound synergistically improved the effect of fluconazole against the clinical isolate when tested in the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. Moreover, the compound disrupted the preformed biofilm. Based on the obtained data, the continuation of batzelladine D studies as a potential new antifungal agent and/or chemosensitizer in Candida albicans infections can be suggested.

Proline-Modified RWn Peptides: Enhanced Antifungal Efficacy and Synergy with Conventional Antibiotics for Combating Resistant Fungal Infections

Proline-Modified RWn Peptides: Enhanced Antifungal Efficacy and Synergy with Conventional Antibiotics for Combating Resistant Fungal Infections

The first report of rhinosinusitis by Rhizopus delemar in a patient with severe COVID-19 in Iran: a case report

BackgroundMucormycosis is a severe and fatal fungal infection in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by Mucorales. Here we present a case of a 63-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 infection, along with rhinosinusitis mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus delemar.Case presentationA 63-year-old Iranian man suffering from a coronavirus disease 2019 infection with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, and generalized body pain. On the basis of the clinical manifestations, such as headache, a history of black nasal discharge, nasal hypoesthesia, facial swelling, numbness, nasal obstruction, presence of necrotic lesions on the nasal passages on physical examination, and abnormal computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses, the patient underwent surgical debridement. Direct microscopy of specimens obtained from the paranasal sinuses, and subsequent isolation and identification, revealed a rhinosinusitis mucormycosis caused by R. delemar. Despite therapeutic measures, such as sinus debridement surgery and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B injection (50 mg/day), the patient died after 35 days of hospitalization.ConclusionIn this report, we present the first documented case of human infection with R. delemar in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 infection, who also exhibited rhinosinusitis mucormycosis. R. delemar appears to be an emerging agent of rhinosinusitis mucormycosis in this region. Furthermore, prompt diagnosis and the exploration of alternative antifungal treatments, beyond amphotericin B, may be crucial for effectively managing patients with R. delemar infections.