System Compliance Research Articles

Longer respiratory events in childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome constitute a trait of older children with excessive daytime sleepiness.

The objective was to evaluate the determinants of desaturation during apnea and apnea-hypopnea duration's links with the endotypes (pharyngeal compliance, loop gain) of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and with heart rate variability (HRV) indices. We retrospectively selected 35 otherwise healthy children (median age: 10.6 years, 16 females) with moderate to severe OSA who had measurements of pharyngeal compliance (acoustic pharyngometry), loop gain (awake tidal ventilation with calculation of controller and plant gains), and respiratory system impedance (impulse oscillometry system). HRV indices were obtained from the whole-night ECG of polysomnography. The slope of desaturation (0.64%.s-1) during apnea was related to baseline end-tidal PO2 (r2 = 0.74; p < 0.001), which is influenced by small airway disease (reactance at 5Hz and its area). The mean durations of apnea and hypopnea in NREM and REM sleep were combined into the mean apnea-hypopnea duration (MAD4), which positively correlated with age, sleepiness, and HRV indices. The MAD4 correlated with two endotypic traits, controller and plant gains. In conclusion, arterial desaturation during apnea is related to alveolar PO2. Longer respiratory events constitute a trait of older children with excessive daytime sleepiness, higher HRV, and adaptive responses of ventilatory control to maintain its stability.

Solutions of a Class of Switch Dynamical Systems

In this paper, the solutions of a class of switch dynamical systems are investigated. The right-hand side of the underlying equations is discontinuous with respect to the state variable. The discontinuity is represented by jump discontinuous functions such as signum or Heaviside functions. In this paper, a novel approach of the solutions of this class of discontinuous equations is presented. The initial value problem is restated as a differential inclusion via Filippov’s regularization, after which, via the approximate selection results, the differential inclusion is transformed into a continuous, single-valued differential equation. Besides its existence, a sufficient uniqueness condition, the strengthened one-sided Lipschitz Condition, is also introduced. The important issue of the numerical integration of this class of equations is addressed, emphasizing by examples the errors that could appear if the discontinuity problem is neglected. The example of a mechanical system, a preloaded compliance system, is considered along with other examples.

P-1717. Perception and Practice of Physicians' Antibiotic Use at Tertiary Military Hospitals in Bangladesh

Abstract Background Inappropriate use of antibiotics, which contributes to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is common in healthcare settings across the globe, especially in low-resources settings. Antibiotics are widely and inappropriately used without adherence to international guidelines in Bangladesh, which may contribute significantly to the development AMR. Military hospitals are known for better compliance of health care system. We sought to investigate the perceptions of Physicians of Tertiary military hospitals in Bangladesh regarding appropriate antibiotic use and prescribing approach. Physicians' AMR perception Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire and data collected through face to face interview from 84 Military doctors of two major tertiary military hospitals of Bangladesh – Combined Military hospital (CMH) Dhaka (1650 bedded) and Jashore (500 bedded) between September 2020 and January 2021. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the data and for interpretation Approach of physician to prescribing antibiotic Results Out of 84 respondents, 70% of the physicians considered AMR is a significant concern worldwide, but only 26.7% Physician of Dhaka CMH and 11% of Jashore CMH considered it as a problem in their hospital. Two-third respondent (66%) considered that inappropriate use of antibiotic is the main cause of rising AMR, followed by Over prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics by 62.2%, and Easy access to antibiotics without a prescription by 58.8%. Around 36.2% opined that poor IPC practices by health professionals are also important factor. Total 72.6% respondent ensure that they routinely step down I/V antibiotics to oral antibiotics as earliest, 13.4% physicians considered cost affordability of the patient affects their choice of antibiotics. Over half of the physicians (51.2%) use prophylactic antibiotic for 3 to 7 days after any surgical procedure of a clean-contaminated case without signs of infection, where only 7.3% doctor use single dose antibiotic prophylaxis. Use of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical procedure Conclusion Physicians' perception on AMR and rational antibiotic prescription were found fall of short of the standard. Strict compliance of antibiotic use and trade guideline, Introduction of formal antibiotic stewardship program in Bangladesh may be a useful intervention Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Evidence for prognostic yield of dynamic arterial compliance in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis

Abstract Introduction Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is a part of a continuum that may also include a reduction in systemic arterial compliance (Ac). Lower Ac affects cardiovascular prognosis but there are scarce data concerning AS and especially during exercise. Purpose Aim of the study was to assess the prognostic role of calculated Ac at rest (R) and during supine ergometry (Ex) in the outcome of asymptomatic severe AS. Methods Forty eight AS patients, followed-up on valve clinic in a tertiary center (age 66±12 years), were referred for Ex. AS-related cardiac events (independent decision for surgery, occurrence of AS-related symptoms) during a follow-up of 33±21 months occurred in 19 patients (EV group). The following parameters were estimated noninvasively both at R/Ex: LV ejection fraction (EF:%), strain (SR:%), transmitral E/e ratio, peak transtricuspid systolic pressure (TRPG: mmHg), AV mean gradient (meanGR: mmHg), valvuloarterial impedance (Za: mm Hg·ml-1m2), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR: Wood units) and arterial compliance (Doppler stoke volume/pulse pressure=Ac: ml/mmHg). Results Event (EV) and non-event (nEV) groups had similar % target heart rate at Ex, (96±17 vs 100±12%), age (66±12 vs 66±12 years), women/men ratio (9/19 vs 14/29), EF-R (55±8 vs 56±7%), ST-R (15.0±4.0 vs 14.5±3.5%), TRPG R/Ex (35±14 vs 30±8 and 60±15 vs 54±11mmHg), SR-Ex (16.0±5.0 vs 17.0±4.0%) but lower EF-Ex (59±9 vs 64±6%, p=0.03). EV group had greater meanGR at R (45±16 vs 37±12mmHg, p=0.03), but similar Za both at R/Ex (2.3±1.0 vs 2.0±0.8 and 2.7±0.8 vs 2.7±1.0mm Hg·ml-1m2 ). PVR at R/Ex was similar (29.3±12.0 vs 32.0±13.0 and 20.5±6.0 vs 22±9.0 Wood). Ac was similar between the 2 groups at R but it showed a greater reduction during Ex in EV group (R: 0.85±0.44 vs 0.92±0.60 and Ex: 0.70±0.60 vs 0.84±0.40, p=0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis for events, including the different parameters between groups (meanGR, Ac-Ex, EF-Ex), selected only EF-Ex [exp(b)=1.15 (1-1.3 p=0.02] as independent predictor. ROC analysis for event provided a cut off for Ac-Ex of 0.56 (area 0.65, sens=0.72, spec=0.60). ROC classification for events was better for age&amp;gt;70 years (cut off 0.52, area 0.82, sens=0.88, spec=0.77-figure 1). Kaplan Meier event analysis for a greater Ac-Ex than 0.56 provided an increased hazard ratio (log rank =8, p=0.003 figure 2). Conclusion Arterial compliance provides prognostic yield for the outcome of asymptomatic severe AS especially in the aged population. The additive value becomes evident when this parameter is calculated during supine ergometry.

Oxygenation improvement and duration of prone positioning are associated with ICU mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients

BackgroundProne position has been diffusely applied in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Our aim is ascertaining the association between the physiologic response and the length of the first cycle of prone position and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality.MethodsInternational registry including COVID-19 adult patients who underwent prone positioning. We measured the difference for arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired fraction of oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2), ventilatory ratio, and respiratory system compliance (Crs) between baseline supine position and at either the end of the first cycle of prone position (Delta-PP) or re-supination (Delta-PostPP).ResultsWe enrolled 1816 patients from 53 centers. Delta-PP and Delta-PostPP for PaO2/FiO2 were both associated with ICU mortality [OR (95% CI) 0.48 (0.38, 0.59), and OR (95% CI) 0.60 (0.52, 0.68), respectively]. Ventilatory ratio had a non-linear relationship with ICU mortality for Delta-PP (p = 0.022) and Delta-PostPP (p = 0.004). Delta-PP, while not Delta-PostPP, for Crs was associated with ICU mortality [OR (95% CI) 0.80 (0.65, 0.98)]. The length of the first cycle of prone position showed an inverse relationship with ICU mortality [OR (95% CI) 0.82 (0.73, 0.91)]. At the multivariable analysis, the duration of the first cycle of prone position, Delta-PP and Delta-PostPP for PaO2/FiO2, and Delta-PostPP for ventilatory ratio were independently associated with ICU mortality.ConclusionIn COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and prone positioning, the physiological response to prone position is associated with ICU mortality. Prolonging the duration of the first cycle of prone position is associated with improved survival.

The Future of AI in Governance: Building Self-Adapting GRC Systems

The potential of artificial intelligence to revolutionize the creation of self-adapting Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) systems is explored in this article. It discusses how organizations are transitioning from traditional, manual GRC processes to sophisticated AI-driven solutions that can autonomously adapt to evolving regulatory landscapes. The article illustrates how reinforcement learning, adaptive algorithms, and neural networks reshape GRC practices by examining current implementation challenges, technological foundations, and future opportunities. It also discusses critical implementation factors across technological, regulatory, and organizational aspects while highlighting real-world applications in intelligent policymaking, predictive risk management, and ongoing compliance monitoring. The article addresses future developments in GRC technology, such as enhanced ecosystem creation, advanced analytics, and integration capabilities. Analyzing prospects and challenges provides valuable insights for companies implementing self-adapting GRC systems while maintaining robust governance frameworks.

On a Preloaded Compliance System of Fractional Order: Numerical Integration

In this paper, the use of a class of fractional-order dynamical systems with discontinuous right-hand side defined with Caputo’s derivative is considered. The existence of the solutions is analyzed. For this purpose, differential inclusions theory is used to transform, via the Filippov regularization, the discontinuous right-hand side into a set-valued function. Next, via Cellina’s Theorem, the obtained set-valued differential inclusion of fractional order can be restarted as a single-valued continuous differential equation of fractional order, to which the existing numerical schemes for fractional differential equations can be applied. In this way, the delicate problem of integrating discontinuous problems of fractional order, as well as integer order, is solved by transforming the discontinuous problem into a continuous one. Also, it is noted that even the numerical methods for fractional-order differential equations can be applied abruptly to the discontinuous problem, without considering the underlying discontinuity, so the results could be incorrect. The technical example of a single-degree-of-freedom preloaded compliance system of fractional order is presented.

The impact of pneumoperitoneum on respirtory system: complications and managment strategies in laparoscopic surgery

Laparoscopic surgery, a cornerstone of contemporary surgical practice, revolutionizes traditional surgical techniques by employing minimally invasive procedures. However, this innovative approach poses intricate challenges, particularly in respiratory management, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its physiological implications. Pneumoperitoneum involves insufflating the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide (CO2) to create a suitable working space. The introduction of CO2 into the peritoneal cavity elevates intra-abdominal pressure, prompting physiological adaptations that compromise respiratory function. These alterations, including increased peak inspiratory pressure, decreased dynamic respiratory system compliance, and the promotion of intraoperative atelectasis, underscore the intricate interplay between pneumoperitoneum and respiratory physiology.Amidst these challenges, positive end-expiratory pressure emerges as a crucial intervention for mitigating the adverse effects of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory mechanics. By maintaining airway patency and preventing alveolar collapse during expiration, positive end-expiratory pressure helps counteract the reduction in functional residual capacity associated with elevated intra-abdominal pressure. Additionally, positive endexpiratory pressure serves to optimize lung recruitment, thereby improving ventilation-perfusion matching and enhancing oxygenation.Mechanical ventilation during laparoscopic procedures further complicates respiratory management, potentially exacerbating lung injury. The application of protective lung ventilation strategies, such as low tidal volume combined with judicious positive end-expiratory pressure titration, represents a cornerstone in mitigating ventilator-induced lung injury and reducing postoperative pulmonary complications. However, the optimal implementation of these strategies remains a subject of ongoing debate, highlighting the need for personalized approaches tailored to individual patient characteristics and surgical contexts.Understanding the pivotal role of positive end-expiratory pressure in mitigating the adverse respiratory effects of pneumoperitoneum underscores its importance as a cornerstone intervention in laparoscopic surgery. By optimizing positive end-expiratory pressure levels based on patient characteristics and procedural requirements, healthcare practitioners can effectively mitigate the risk of pulmonary complications and enhance surgical outcomes.

Integration of Law and Business: The Collaborative Construction of Legal Regulation of Commercial Contracts and the Contract Management System in Enterprise Business

Against the backdrop of globalization and the rapid development of the market economy, the intersection of commercial contract legal issues and the construction of corporate business management systems has become increasingly important. The organic integration of law and business management can effectively promote the improvement of corporate compliance and management efficiency. This article explores the integration and synergy of law and business management by analyzing the legal risks in commercial contracts and the legal protection needs in the construction of corporate management systems, and proposes a comprehensive interdisciplinary management model. Research shows that the optimization of a company's legal compliance system, risk control mechanism, and contract management system is the key to promoting the long-term and stable development of the company.

Pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan, Penerapan Self-Assessment System dan Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing, knowing and confirming the influence of tax sanctions, implementation of the self-assessment system and taxpayer awareness of SMEs taxpayer compliance (Study of Individual SMEs Taxpayers at KPP Pratama West Tangerang). This research uses primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to individual SMEs taxpayers at KPP Pratama West Tangerang. The respondents in this research were 100 individual SMEs taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama West Tangerang. The scale used in this research uses a Likert scale. The research design used in this research is causal research. This research uses quantitative methods. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling. The data analysis method used in the research is descriptive statistics and processed using SmartPLS 4 software. The data analysis technique uses measurement testing (Outer Model) and structural testing (Inner Model). The research results show that tax sanctions have no effect on taxpayer compliance, while the implementation of a self-assessment system and taxpayer awareness have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance.

The Effects of Endurance Training and High-Intensity Resistance Training on Pulse Wave Velocity and QT Dispersion.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of endurance and high-intensity resistance training on arterial stiffness and ventricular repolarization in elite athletes. Methods: A total of 50 male athletes from different sports disciplines (volleyball, football, judo, and wrestling) and a sedentary group of 30 males participated in this study. Data collected from all participants included age, height, body weight, cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters, arterial stiffness parameters, and ECG measurements. Results: There was no significant age difference between the athlete group (20.42 ± 1.903 years) and the control group (20.97 ± 1.771 years) (p > 0.05). However, body mass index (BMI) values in the control group (24.83 ± 2.22 kg/m2) were significantly different from those in the athlete group (22.39 ± 2.663 kg/m2) (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the athlete and control groups in QT dispersion, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and central pulse pressure values (p < 0.05), while similar results were obtained for arterial stiffness parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lack of a difference in pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (AIx) values between the athletes and the control group suggests that athletes do not bear additional risks regarding arterial stiffness. However, increased systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and central pulse pressure, among the hemodynamic parameters, indicate potential variations in vascular wall compliance and hemodynamic responses in the cardiovascular system. The increase in QT dispersion suggests that athletes may exhibit a heterogeneous repolarization process and an elevated risk of ventricular arrhythmias compared to the general population.

Compliance system of an educational organization: problem analysis

In the modern world, the compliance system is an integral part of all areas of activity, including education. It helps ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, as well as improve the quality of educational activities. However, the compliance system in education has its own characteristics and problems that need to be explored. Therefore, this topic is relevant and in demand at the present time. Current higher education has become an integral part of human life, since education is the basis for further social and professional development of an individual. In addition to a wide range of educational programs, special attention is paid to issues of safety and quality of education, which implies not only compliance with standards, but also compliance with legal requirements. This issue has become especially relevant amid changes in legislation and the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic.

Semantic Logical Relations for Timed Message-Passing Protocols

Many of today’s message-passing systems not only require messages to be exchanged in a certain order but also to happen at a certain time or within a certain time window . Such correctness conditions are particularly prominent in Internet of Things (IoT) and real-time systems applications, which interface with hardware devices that come with inherent timing constraints. Verifying compliance of such systems with the intended timed protocol is challenged by their heterogeneity —ruling out any verification method that relies on the system to be implemented in one common language, let alone in a high-level and typed programming language. To address this challenge, this paper contributes a logical relation to verify that its inhabitants (the applications and hardware devices to be proved correct) comply with the given timed protocol. To cater to the systems’ heterogeneity, the logical relation is entirely semantic , lifting the requirement that its inhabitants are syntactically well-typed. A semantic approach enables two modes of use of the logical relation for program verification: (i) once-and-for-all verification of an arbitrary well-typed application, given a type system, and (ii) per-instance verification of a specific application / hardware device (foreign code). To facilitate mode (i) , the paper develops a refinement type system for expressing timed message-passing protocols and proves that any well-typed program inhabits the logical relation (fundamental theorem). A type checker for the refinement type system has been implemented in Rust, using an SMT solver to check satisfiability of timing constraints. Then, the paper demonstrates both modes of use based on a small case study of a smart home system for monitoring air quality, consisting of a controller application and various environment sensors.

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure guided by transpulmonary pressure on oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: a prospective study

The use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) plays a critical role in managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Various methods for setting PEEP have been proposed, but the efficacy of these strategies is unclear. Our study evaluates the effect of oxygenation and respiratory mechanics on PEEP settings guided by transpulmonary end-expiratory pressure (PL-exp) in ARDS patients. The prospective study included ARDS patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from November 2021 to October 2023. Patients were ventilated according to the ARDSNet strategy, with PEEP adjustments based on PL-exp using esophageal pressure manometry. Primary outcomes were the partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio and respiratory mechanics at 48 hours. Secondary outcomes included hemodynamic parameters at 48 hours, ventilator days, and ICU length of stay. A total of 46 patients were enrolled, with PEEP settings guided by positive PL-exp. Significant improvements were observed in PaO2/FiO2 ratio (135.8 [Interquartile range (IQR) 100.5–169.8] to 203.6 [IQR 149.0–267.9], p&lt;0.001), respiratory systems of compliance (from 23.8 [IQR 19.7–27.7] mL/cmH2O to 26.7 [IQR 22.2–32.2] mL/cmH2O, p&lt;0.001) at 48 hours post-PEEP adjustment. The mean increase in PEEP was 2 cmH2O, with no significant alterations in hemodynamic parameters and ventilator days. Our findings suggest that esophageal manometry is a minimally invasive tool for setting PEEP-guided PL-exp and shown to improve oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in moderate to severe ARDS patients. These results highlight the need for further targeted research to optimize PEEP settings in ARDS management.

Conceptual framework for advancing regulatory compliance and risk management in emerging markets through digital innovation

Emerging markets face significant regulatory compliance and risk management challenges, including economic instability, inadequate infrastructure, and rapid globalization. Digital innovation offers transformative potential to address these issues through advanced tools such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and data analytics. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for integrating digital tools into compliance systems to enhance efficiency, transparency, and scalability. The framework highlights three core components: technology adoption, regulatory collaboration, and data integration. These elements collectively streamline compliance processes, enable proactive risk management, and foster stronger relationships between businesses and regulators. While the framework offers substantial benefits, including improved accuracy and scalability, its implementation is hindered by high costs, limited infrastructure, and resistance to change. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, regulatory bodies, and businesses to overcome these barriers, including investments in digital infrastructure, regulatory sandboxes, and capacity-building initiatives. By adopting this framework, emerging markets can achieve more effective compliance and risk management systems, contributing to sustainable economic growth and global competitiveness.

EXTRACURRICULAR SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS IN A PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the organization and development of extracurricular scientific activity (ESA) of students at the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (HSPUR). The idea of the importance of ESA in the preparation of future teachers is substantiated in connection with the increasing demands on the quality of training of teaching staff, the compliance of the higher education system with the challenges of modern times and the need to strengthen the role of scientific activity in the educational process. Based on the analysis of data collected during an in-depth interview, in which leading specialists from various structural divisions of the university who supervise the extracurricular scientific activity of students took part, the mechanisms and forms of organization of ESA at HSPUR are revealed. The main attention is paid to the functioning of student scientific societies (SSS), which are key elements of the system of extracurricular scientific initiatives. It is emphasized that SSS have a flexible structure and are the most successful form of student self-government, allowing to combine individual scientific interests of students with the tasks of the educational program. The article provides a detailed description of the main functions of the Student Scientific Society, such as developing students' research competencies, supporting scientific events and assisting in the publication of scientific papers. The problems that arise in the process of organizing the Student Scientific Society are discussed, including low motivation of a significant portion of students and a lack of resources for conducting full-fledged scientific research. The article presents proposals for improving the organization and development of ESA. Among them, measures are highlighted to attract students to the scientific life of the university from their first years, increase the attractiveness of scientific research activities, support and improve the incentive system, as well as create conditions for the effective functioning of the institutional infrastructure of student science.

INFLUENCING FACTORS AND IMPROVEMENT PATH OF TAX COMPLIANCE IN CHINESE SMES

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influencing factors and improvement paths of tax compliance in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through semi-structured interviews with the staff of 12 SMEs, this study finds that the failure to establish a tax compliance system, the lack of professional competence of SMEs' tax staff, the failure to use tax incentives correctly, and the complexity of tax laws and regulations are the main obstacles affecting SMEs' tax compliance. Based on the results of the study, this paper puts forward targeted suggestions to improve the tax compliance level of SMEs, with a view to providing references for the government to improve tax policies and SMEs to improve their tax management level.

The Legal Conditions for Implementing a Compliance Management System in Public Administration

The implementation of compliance management systems is surely related to the introduction of integrated compliance management models which will be adopted separately in business and in the public administration sector. The introduction of legal changes in the form of the Whistleblower Protection Act should be followed by a prompt adoption of legal regulations concerning the implementation of the compliance system in public administration. A prerequisite to the successful implementation of the compliance management system in public administration is to undertake measures aimed at promoting compliance culture in public administration.

Верификация сезонных прогнозов температуры поверхности океана и ледовых характеристик на основе модели Земной системы ИВМ РАН

The accuracy of seasonal forecasts of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice characteristics is assessed. Forecast skill scores are calculated for two versions of the INM RAS Earth system model (INM-CM5 and INM-CM6) differing in the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric and aerosol modules and in some parameterizations of physical processes: cloudiness, indirect aerosol effects, snow cover evolution. It is shown that in most cases the skill scores of SST and ice characteristics forecasts based on the INM-CM6 version are higher than those for the INM-CM5. The scores are comparable with those in foreign centers, confirming the compliance of the forecasting system based on the INM RAS model with the world level of accuracy of seasonal forecasts.

ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER CARS FAILURES

The article is devoted to the technical condition analysis of the structural elements of passenger cars of the "Passenger Company" branch. The cars were operated by the regional branch "Odessa Railway" of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia". The vast majority of domestic passenger cars have been in operation since the end of the last century and have already exhausted their resource. The service life of such cars has been repeatedly extended taking into account the condition of the body and frame. But the issues of the condition of the internal equipment of carriages, the level of its environmental safety, the compliance of comfort systems with modern requirements of the European Union have always remained outside the attention of researchers. The comfort systems in passenger cars, which were designed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century, do not meet modern EU requirements. This concerns both environmental standards and material and labor costs for their maintenance in working condition. The low level of comfort causes dissatisfaction among passengers, who choose other carriers. The existing passenger economy system must ensure repair and restoration work during the technical maintenance of cars between trips. To carry out these works, it is necessary to have a sufficient number of spare parts and equipment. During operational planning, heads of the department must take into account the labor intensity of the performed work. Currently, the calculation of these indicators is carried out using some averaged values. They do not take into account either the degree of wear of the car equipment, nor the place and nature of its operation. The lack of reliable information about the actual level of wear and damage of life support systems leads to unjustified overspending of material resources. In order to ensure the rational operation of the Passenger Company departments that prepare passenger trains for trip, it is necessary to create a solid scientific basis for the rational planning of repair and restoration work during maintenance based on factual information on the technical condition of the elements of the internal equipment and life support systems of passenger cars. At the same time, the required number of spare parts and equipment must be provided to restore operability when preparing a car for a trip. The results of the study will be used by the administration of the Passenger Company to develop organizational and technical solutions to restore the functionality of the cars.