Systematic Review Of Prevalence Research Articles

Keel bone fractures in laying hens: a systematic review of prevalence across age, housing systems, and strains.

Keel bone fractures in laying hens: a systematic review of prevalence across age, housing systems, and strains.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among endoscopic transsphenoidal surgeons: a systematic review of prevalence and ergonomic interventions

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a surgical technique introduced in the last 20 years for the treatment of skull base pathologies and, in particular, pituitary tumours. Although the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders is usually significantly higher in endoscopists and minimally invasive surgeons compared to other surgical and medical specialties, reviews on the prevalence of disorders among neurosurgeons dedicated to endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery are not available. This article performs a systematic review to identify the work-related musculoskeletal disorders among transsphenoidal neurosurgeons, their prevalence and the ergonomic interventions proposed to reduce risk factors and prevent disorders. The results show that the ergonomics of transsphenoidal neurosurgeons is an under-investigated topic. Indeed, specific prevalence data are not available. In addition, only a few papers suggest interventions and guidelines, but without objective assessment of the outcomes to confirm the ergonomic benefit. Based on these gaps in the literature, a future research agenda is proposed.

Upper airways colonisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults aged 60 years and older: A systematic review of prevalence and individual participant data meta-analysis of risk factors

Colonisation with Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia. Pneumococcal acquisition and prevalence of colonisation are high in children. In older adults, a population susceptible to pneumococcal disease, colonisation prevalence is reported to be lower, but studies are heterogeneous. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of, and risk factors for, pneumococcal colonisation in adults ≥ 60 years of age (PROSPERO #42016036891). We identified peer-reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of S. pneumoniae colonisation using MEDLINE and EMBASE (until April 2016), excluding studies of acute disease. Participant-level data on risk factors were sought from each study. Of 2202 studies screened, 29 were analysable: 18 provided participant-level data (representing 6290 participants). Prevalence of detected pneumococcal colonisation was 0-39% by conventional culture methods and 3-23% by molecular methods. In a multivariate analysis, colonisation was higher in persons from nursing facilities compared with the community (odds ratio (OR) 2•30, 95% CI 1•26-4•21 and OR 7•72, 95% CI 1•15-51•85, respectively), in those who were currently smoking (OR 1•69, 95% CI 1•12-2•53) or those who had regular contact with children (OR 1•93, 95%CI 1•27-2•93). Persons living in urban areas had significantly lower carriage prevalence (OR 0•43, 95%CI 0•27-0•70). Overall prevalence of pneumococcal colonisation in older adults was higher than expected but varied by risk factors. Future studies should further explore risk factors for colonisation, to highlight targets for focussed intervention such as pneumococcal vaccination of high-risk groups. No funding was required.

Sleep disturbances after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and association with recovery.

Sleep is vital for brain development and healing after injury, placing children with sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) at risk for worse outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to quantify SWD after pediatric TBI including prevalence, phenotypes, and risk factors. We also evaluated interventions for SWD and the association between SWD and other posttraumatic outcomes. Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and reference lists for English language articles published from 1999 to 2019 evaluating sleep or fatigue in children hospitalized for mild complicated, moderate, or severe TBI. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottowa Score for observational studies. Among 966 articles identified in the search, 126 full-text articles were reviewed, and 24 studies were included (11 prospective, 9 cross-sectional, and 4 case studies). Marked heterogeneity was found in study populations, measures defining SWD, and time from injury to evaluation. Studies showed at least 20% of children with TBI had trouble falling or staying asleep, fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and nightmares. SWD are negatively correlated with posttraumatic cognitive, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes. No comparative intervention studies were identified. The risk of bias was moderate-high for all studies often related to lack of validated or objective SWD measures and small sample size. Heterogeneity precluded meta-analyses. SWD are important morbidities after pediatric TBI, though current data are limited. SWD have implications for TBI recovery and may represent a modifiable target for improving outcomes after pediatric TBI.

Nonexudative Macular Neovascularization – A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Natural History, and Recent Insights from OCT Angiography

To review the available literature on the prevalence, incidence, natural history, and exudative conversion rates of subclinical (treatment-naïve) nonexudative macular neovascularization (MNV) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Nonexudative MNV is now known to be more prevalent in patients with AMD than initially thought and is bringing new insights into both the natural history and management of this very prevalent disease. We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, along with a manual search, from January 2014 to June 2019. We included studies that used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a primary diagnostic tool to evaluate subclinical (treatment-naïve), nonexudative, neovascular AMD. Of the 258 screened articles, 12 were included. The prevalence of subclinical nonexudative neovascular AMD in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral exudative AMD ranged from 6.25% to 27%. Although these lesions were not associated with a significant decrease in visual acuity, the presence of nonexudative MNV seems to be an important predictor of exudative disease. Incidence of exudation in the reviewed studies ranged from 20% to 80% (follow-up 6 months to 2 years). There is some evidence that nonexudative MNV may slow down the growth of adjacent geographic atrophy (GA). As long as exudation does not occur, it appears that subclinical nonexudative MNV is not responsible for the deterioration of visual function. Nonexudative MNV is an asymptomatic condition. Although nonexudative MNV seems to be a precursor for the formation of exudative neovascular AMD, there is evidence suggesting a protective effect in slowing the progression of GA. Early detection of nonexudative MNV before exudation develops should result in better monitoring of patients who are at high risk of conversion to exudative AMD. Though no controlled clinical trial has been performed to provide definitive recommendations, the authors of the studies included in this review agree that nonexudative lesions should not be treated until symptomatic exudation develops. Moreover, the existence of a nonexudative form of neovascular AMD would suggest that the term "neovascular AMD" should be preceded by either "exudative" or "nonexudative" when describing this neovascular stage of AMD.

Wrist pain: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors\u2013 what is the role of occupation and activity?

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of wrist pain.MethodsSystematic review. Data sources: The MEDLINE and EMBASE via OVID, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus via EBSCO databases were searched from database inception to 9th March 2018. Specific criteria were used to define inclusion and exclusion. Data was extracted independently by a pair of reviewers.ResultsIn total 32 cross sectional studies were identified for inclusion (1 with a longitudinal component). The median prevalence of wrist pain in the general population and non-manual workers within the short term (within last week) was 6 and 4.2% within the medium term (> 1 week and within a year). The median prevalence of wrist pain in physically demanding occupations and sports people was 10% within the short term and 24% within the medium term. Non-modifiable factors associated with wrist pain included increased age (1 study in adults and 3 studies in children/adolescents) and female sex (2 studies). Modifiable risk factors included high job physical strain (2 studies), high job psychological strain (1 study), abnormal physeal morphology in children/adolescents (2 studies), high frequency impact tool use (1 study) and effort reward imbalance (1 study).ConclusionsWrist pain is highly prevalent in groups who partake in physically demanding activities from day to day such as manual labourers and sportspeople. It is less prevalent in the general population and non-manual workers, although there is a relative lack of research in the general population.Trial registrationThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42018090834.Level of Evidence1 (Prognostic study).

Suicidal ideation in patients with cancer: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, intervention and assessment.

Suicidal ideation (SI) underlies risk of death by suicide. It is well established that patients with cancer are at increased risk of death by suicide. Therefore, understanding SI in patients with cancer is critically important. The goal of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, intervention, and assessment of SI in patients with cancer. This systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42018115405) and was guided by the PRISMA statement. We searched Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and assessed for quality assurance using a revised Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We identified 439 studies to screen for eligibility. Eligible studies included adults with cancer diagnoses and listed SI as an outcome. Ultimately, 44 studies were included in the analyses. Prevalence of SI ranged greatly from 0.7% to 46.3%. Single items drawn from validated measures were the most frequent method of assessing SI (n = 20, 45.5%); additional methods included validated measures and psychological interviews. Commonly identified risk factors for SI included age, sex, and disease/treatment-related characteristics, as well as psychological constructs including depression, anxiety, hopelessness, existential distress, and social support. Assessment of SI in patients with cancer is the concern of researchers worldwide. Prevalence of SI varied with study population and was likely influenced by the method of assessment. Psychological distress consistently predicted SI. Increasing awareness of demographic, clinical, and psychological associations is critical for risk assessment and intervention development.

Medication errors in hospitals in the Middle East: a systematic review of prevalence, nature, severity and contributory factors

PurposeThe aim was to critically appraise, synthesise and present the evidence of medication errors amongst hospitalised patients in Middle Eastern countries, specifically prevalence, nature, severity and contributory factors.MethodsCINAHL, Embase, Medline, Pubmed and Science Direct were searched for studies published in English from 2000 to March 2018, with no exclusions. Study selection, quality assessment (using adapted STROBE checklists) and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. A narrative approach to data synthesis was adopted; data related to error causation were synthesised according to Reason’s Accident Causation model.ResultsSearching yielded 452 articles, which were reduced to 50 following removal of duplicates and screening of titles, abstracts and full-papers. Studies were largely from Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan. Thirty-two studies quantified errors; definitions of ‘medication error’ were inconsistent as were approaches to data collection, severity assessment, outcome measures and analysis. Of 13 studies reporting medication errors per ‘total number of medication orders’/ ‘number of prescriptions’, the median across all studies was 10% (IQR 2–35). Twenty-four studies reported contributory factors leading to errors. Synthesis according to Reason’s model identified the most common being active failures, largely slips (10 studies); lapses (9) and mistakes (12); error-provoking conditions, particularly lack of knowledge (13) and insufficient staffing levels (13) and latent conditions, commonly heavy workload (9).ConclusionThere is a need to improve the quality and reporting of studies from Middle Eastern countries. A standardised approach to quantifying medication errors’ prevalence, severity, outcomes and contributory factors is warranted.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in peru: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence in the general population

Observational studies involving randomly selected individuals from the general population were evaluated. The definition of diabetes had to include at least one laboratory parameter (e.g. baseline glucose). LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Medline, Embasem and Global Health were reviewed without restriction. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The search identified 909 results; additionally, an article from another source was added. After evaluating the results, 20 articles representing nine studies were selected (n=16 585). One of the studies was national in scope and another semi-national (ENINBSC, 2004-05 and PERUDIAB, 2010-12). The first study reported a prevalence of 5.1% in subjects ≥35 years, while the second reported 7.0% in subjects ≥25 years. Other studies focused on populations in one or more cities in the country, or on selected population groups, such as the PERU MIGRANT study (2007-08) which reported the prevalence of diabetes in subjects in rural areas (0.8%), in rural-urban migrants (2.8%), and in urban areas (6.3%). Three studies followed up prospectively, one of them being PERUDIAB: a cumulative incidence of 19.5 new cases per 1,000 people per year. The risk of bias was low in all studies. Population studies indicate that the prevalence of diabetes has increased and that there are approximately two new cases per 100 people per year. Evidence is still scarce in the jungle and in rural populations.

K13-propeller gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasite population in malaria affected countries: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors

BackgroundEfficacy of artemisinin (ART) agents, a critical element of current malaria control efforts is threatened by emergence and spread of resistance. Mutations in pfkelch13 gene associated with ART-resistance evolved in Southeast Asia (SEA). k13 mutations whose role in ART-resistance remains unknown, have subsequently emerged independently across all malaria-affected regions. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence and identify risk factors of Plasmodium falciparum k13 mutations in malaria-endemic countries.MethodsAn electronic search of studies from 2014 to date was done in MEDLINE via PubMED, SCOPUS, EMBASE and LILACS/VHL databases. Mesh terms and Boolean operators (AND, OR) were used. Two librarians independently conducted this search (RS and AK). The articles were screened for inclusion using a priori criteria set following PRISMA-P and STREGA guidelines. Three independent reviewers (NL, BB, and OM) extracted the data. Data analysis was performed in Open Meta Analyst software. Random effects analysis (DL) was used and heterogeneity established using I2-statistic.ResultsA total of 482 articles were retrieved from Pubmed = 302, Lilacs/Vhl = 50, Embase = 80, and Scopus = 37; Bibliography/other searches = 13, of which 374 did not meet the inclusion criteria. The aggregate prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pfkelch13 gene was 27.6% (3694/14,827) (95% CI 22.9%, 32.3%). Sub-group analysis showed that aggregate prevalence of non-synonymous SNPs in pfkelch13 gene was higher, 45.4% (95% CI 35.4%, 55.3%) in Southeast Asia as opposed to 7.6% (95% CI 5.6%, 9.5%) in the African region. A total of 165 independent k13 mutations were identified across malaria-affected regions globally. A total of 16 non-validated k13 mutations were associated with increased ART parasite clearance half-life (t1/2 > 5 h). The majority, 45.5% (75/165), of the mutations were reported in single P. falciparum parasite infections. Of the 165 k13-mutations, over half were reported as new alleles. Twenty (20) non-propeller mutations in the pfkelch13 gene were identified.ConclusionThis review identified emergence of potential ART-resistance mediating k13 mutations in the African region. Diversity of mutations in pfkelch13 gene is highest in African region compared to SEA. Mutations outside the pfkelch13 propeller region associated with increased ART parasite clearance half-life occur in malaria-affected regions.

Psychiatric disorders in adolescent cancer survivors: A systematic review of prevalence and predictors

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent cancer survivors are a particularly vulnerable group of young patients. Compared with healthy peers, adolescent survivors face more psychosocial difficulties and are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders.AimsWe aimed to establish prevalence rates and predictors of psychiatric disorders in young cancer survivors and discuss areas for targeted interventions.MethodWe systematically reviewed four major online databases: Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Medline for quantitative studies evaluating mental health in adolescent cancer survivors. We used a narrative synthesis approach.ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Across the sample, up to 34% met criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 13% for clinical depression, and 8% for anxiety. Maladaptive coping, illness relapse, higher number of late effects, brain tumor diagnosis, and poor family functioning and parental distress were associated with higher psychological distress.ConclusionsA significant subset of adolescent survivors reports PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Individuals who present with more vulnerabilities and higher risk indices should be routinely assessed in order to reduce the psychological, social, and economic burden associated with poor mental health in this population. Early prevention strategies should target maladaptive coping mechanisms and promote healthy peer relationships and family functioning.

Systematic Review of Prevalence, Attitude, Practices of Pubic Hair Removal (PHR) activities

Background and Objectives - The PHR practices are common around the world, for long the internet has been source of information, which is usually avialble from blogs, forums, social media. A lot of misinformation, misguidance is resulted because of lack of scientifically published literature providing proper information on the PHR practices. We undertook systematic review of existing population based studies to understand the prevalence, attitude, practices of PHR in published literature. Methods - We searched for population based studies across the globe for prevalence, attitude and practice of PHR in study participants on electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, J-Gate, Medline). A total of 307 titles were identified on which 9 were considered eligible for the study. Descriptive analysis was carried on the 9 identified study to know the prevalence, attitude and practices of PHR. Results – The prevalence of PHR at least once was 75%, Friends(73%) were the prime motivators to initiate the first PHR activity. Personal Hygiene(69%) was cited as the most common driver for regular PHR activity. Shaving using Razor blade(58%) was the most common mode of PHR and Abrasion(34%) was the most common complication. Conclusions – Pubic Hair Removal is a common practice among both males and females, the practice is initiated and propelled mostly through personal preferences. The current need is to undertake population based studies, specifically in developing countries and present the evidence backed information on do’s and don’ts for optimum PHR experience with minimal complications.

Bystander Assistance for Trauma Victims in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Training Interventions

Objective: Lack of organized prehospital care may contribute to the disproportionate burden of trauma-related deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bystander training in basic principles of first aid and victim transport; however, prevalence of bystander or layperson assistance to trauma victims in LMICs has not been well-described, and organized reviews of existing evidence for bystander training are lacking. This systematic review aims to 1) describe the prevalence of bystander or layperson aid or transport for trauma victims in the prehospital setting in LMICs and 2) ascertain impacts of bystander training interventions in these settings.Methods: A systematic search of OVID Medline, Cochrane Library, and relevant gray literature was conducted. We included 1) all studies detailing prevalence of bystander-administered aid or transport for trauma victims in LMICs and 2) all randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating bystander training interventions. We extracted study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes data. Study quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.Results: Sixty-two studies detailed prevalence of bystander transport and aid. Family members, police, and bus or taxi drivers commonly transported patients; a majority of patients, up to >94%, received aid from bystanders. Twenty-four studies examined impacts of training interventions. Only one study looked at transport interventions; the remainder addressed first aid training. Interventions varied in content, duration, and target learners. Evidence was generally of low quality, but all studies demonstrated improvements in layperson knowledge and skills. Five studies reported a mortality reduction.Conclusions: Heterogeneity in data reporting and outcomes limited formal meta-analysis. However, this review shows high rates of bystander involvement in prehospital trauma care and transport in LMICs and highlights the need for bystander training. Bystander training in these settings is feasible and may have an important impact on meaningful outcomes such as mortality. Categories of involved bystanders varied by region and training interventions should be targeted at relevant groups. “Train the trainer” models appear promising in securing community engagement and maximizing participation. Further research is needed to examine the value of bystander transport networks in trauma.

Intellectual disability in Irish prisoners: systematic review of prevalence

PurposeWhile individuals with an intellectual disability form a significant minority in the worldwide prison population, their healthcare needs require specialist attention. In Ireland, services for prisoners with intellectual disabilities need development. However, there is little substantive data estimating the prevalence of intellectual disabilities within the Irish prison system. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe authors systematically review published data relating to the prevalence of intellectual disabilities in prisons in the Republic of Ireland. The authors searched four databases, governmental websites and corresponded with experts.FindingsLittle published data were elicited from searches except for one nationwide cross-sectional survey which reflected a higher prevalence than reported in international studies. Studies from forensic mental health populations are narrated to contextualise findings.Originality/valueThis study found that there is little data to accurately estimate the prevalence of intellectual disabilities in the Irish prison system and the limited data available suggests that this is likely to be higher than international estimates. The authors highlight the need for further research to accurately estimate prevalence in this jurisdiction, alongside the need to develop screening and care pathways for prisoners with an intellectual disability.

Abnormal QTc syndrome in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors.

The purpose of this review is to critically analyse data regarding the prevalence and risk factors for developing a prolonged QTc interval and subsequent sudden cardiac death (SCD) in persons living with HIV (PLWH). A systematic literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar databases was performed using the following search terms: 'HIV and prolonged QTc' and 'managing HIV-patients with prolonged QTc'. References within articles of interest were also evaluated. PLWH are at an increased risk of having a prolonged QTc interval. Some risk factors for this include the virus itself, concomitant medications, comorbid conditions, addictions and electrolyte disturbances. PLWH who have an increased HIV RNA viral load or decreased CD4+ T-cell count are at further risk for progressing to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Many medications commonly prescribed in the PLWH population, such as antiretrovirals and antimicrobials used in opportunistic infection prophylaxis, have also been shown to promote QTc prolongation through inhibition of human ether-a-go-go potassium channels or through drug metabolism inhibition of other QTc prolonging drugs. Due to the high number of risk factors associated with QTc prolongation, clinicians should incorporate baseline and routine ECG monitoring for PLWH to potentially lower the increased risk of SCD in PLWH.

Loneliness in people with intellectual and developmental disorders across the lifespan: A systematic review of prevalence and interventions.

The aim of the study was to conduct the first systematic review investigating the prevalence of loneliness in people with intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD) and the interventions targeting loneliness. A search across five databases was conducted (May 2016-June 2016). One reviewer (A. P.) selected the articles for inclusion and assessed their risk of bias using a standardized tool. The second reviewer (A. H.) examined the list of included/excluded articles and the ratings of the studies. Five prevalence studies met the inclusion criteria and provided an average loneliness prevalence of 44.74%. Only one intervention study was included, and it demonstrated that there was not any significant group difference for loneliness outcomes (p=.21). The majority of the studies had a weak quality rating. The systematic review evidenced that loneliness is a common experience in people with IDD and there is a need to extend current research.

Chronic post-traumatic headache in children and adolescents: systematic review of prevalence and headache features.

The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence and clinical features of chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH) in children and adolescents. Literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar was carried out for all studies reporting on CPTH in children and young people under the age of 18years between January 1980 and November 2016. Search command included post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, child and adolescent. Demographic data, diagnostic criteria of headache disorders, occurrence of headache after head injury and headache phenotypes were collected. The prevalence of nonspecific 'chronic headache' after head injury in children was 39% and prevalence of CPTH, as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (2004), was 7.6% (95% CI: 5.9-9.7). Migraine-like headache was the most common presentation followed by tension-type headache. Other children had either mixed or unclassified headache disorders.

Thirty Years of HIV in Pakistan: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Current Scenario

Aim: HIV infection was first reported in Pakistan in 1987. Since then it has been a point of concern in the country. Materials & methods: We searched the literature on HIV in Pakistan using different keywords in Google, Pubmed, PakMediNet and GoogleScholar, and found a total of 64 articles dating from 1987 to 2016. Results: Total 4,882,450 individuals from Pakistan have been screened for HIV since last 30 years. The estimated overall prevalence was 0.041% (95% CI: 0.0–6.79). The highest infection rates of 15.05% (SE = 4.27%) were observed in injection drug users, followed by refugees (2.63%), sex workers (2.21%) and prisoners (1.32%). Conclusion: Awareness and medical surveillance programs in the high-risk population are required to decrease future burden of HIV in Pakistan.

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids, and Perinatal Depression

Slightly more than 10% of pregnant women experience a major depressive episode (MDE) in pregnancy and slightly less than 10% of women have a MDE in the year postdelivery ( 1 Gavin N. Gaynes B. Lohr K. Meltzer-Brody S. Gartlehner G. Swinson T. Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 106: 1071-1083 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1929) Google Scholar , 2 Bayrampour H.H. Trajectories of perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in a community cohort. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016; 77: e1467-e1473 Crossref PubMed Scopus (30) Google Scholar ). Many women do not receive treatment because of concerns about the safety of antidepressant medication in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Others find behavioral approaches too costly or time-consuming and do not access these treatments. Thus, understanding the biology and factors that can trigger an MDE or sustain it among vulnerable women may help women avoid or manage the condition. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisBiological PsychiatryVol. 82Issue 8PreviewOmega-3 (or n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are promising antidepressant treatments for perinatal depression (PND) because of supporting evidence from clinical trials, the advantage in safety, and their anti-inflammatory and neuroplastic effects. Although several observational studies have shown n-3 PUFA deficits in women with PND, the results of individual PUFAs from different studies were inconsistent. Full-Text PDF

Suicide in trans populations: A systematic review of prevalence and correlates.

Trans people experience high rates of attempted suicide and suicidal ideation. No study to date has collated the various findings concerning correlates of trans suicide. This systematic review aimed to summarize the available data and provide recommendations based on this evidence. Articles were included if they were published before November 2016, were in English, were peer reviewed, and presented data concerning trans people’s suicide attempts or ideation. Nine databases were searched, and 30 articles were selected. Discrimination emerged as strongly related to suicidal ideation and attempts, whereas positive social interactions and timely access to interventions appeared protective. Limitations included differences in how articles defined trans people or measured suicide and in their largely cross-sectional nature, making assumptions about causality in reference to lifetime ideation or attempts impossible. However, results clearly indicated a need to work at both individual and structural levels to reduce society- and service-level discrimination, enhance peer support, and ensure access to required interventions. The review highlights the need to explore suicidality in the trans population both in relation to general suicide models and in relation to models of minority stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)