Systematic Quantified Fingerprint Method Research Articles

Holistic quality assessment and monitoring of YiXinShu capsule based on three-dimensional fingerprints combined with quantitative analysis, antioxidant activity and chemometrics

Ethnopharmacological relevanceYiXinShu capsule (YXSC), originally from the classical TCM formula named “Sheng-Mai-San”, has been extensively utilized in clinic for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, there were few reports about the quality assessment of YXSCs both internationally and domestically. Aim of the studyThe objective was to develop a multi-strategy platform incorporating systematic quantitative fingerprint analysis and antioxidant activity determination, with chemometric analysis and bivariate correlation analysis as the auxiliary approaches, to assess and monitor the quality of YXSCs. Materials and methodsFirstly, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), 12 key indicator components from seven herb medicines were quantified by HPLC method. Then, three-dimensional fingerprints comprising five-wavelength fusion fingerprint (FWF-FP), electrochemical fingerprint (EC-FP) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry fingerprint (DSC-FP) were established to assess and monitor YXSCs using systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) and principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, by integrating the analysis of the three-dimensional fingerprints, the quality of YXSCs from different batches was effectively screened. Finally, the antioxidant activity of this TCM was assessed through DPPH and ABTS methods, and the L-ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) values were compared to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the two methods. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) model was used to develop the spectrum-activity relationship between FWF-FP and AEAC, and a bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) was used to assess the correlation between FWF-FP and EC-FP. ResultsThe key indexes including tanshinone I, tol, toe, Atp, first exothermic peak, and second exothermic peak can differentiate between various batches of YXSCs based on their three-dimensional fingerprint profiles. The integration evaluation results from 42 batches of YXSCs were categorized into 2–5 grades, indicating good quality consistency across different batches. In vitro studies have indicated a significant antioxidant activity capacity of YXSCs. The PLS model revealed that 37 out of the 41 fingerprint peaks exhibited antioxidant activity. The overall trend of BCA was consistent with PLS model results. ConclusionThis research presents a scientific and holistic strategy for the quality consistency evaluation of YXSCs, thereby offering an effective approach for the thorough evaluation of TCMs.

Holistically assessing the quality consistency of compound liquorice tablets from similarities of both all chemical fingerprints and the integrated dissolution curves by systematically quantified fingerprint method

In recent years, traditional analytical methods have failed to meet the widespread use of multi-component Chinese pharmaceutical formulations. To solve this problem, this study proposed a comprehensive analytical strategy using compound liquorice tablets (CLTs) as an example, both in terms of chemical quality and dissolution curve consistency. Firstly, the peak purity of the two wavelengths was checked using dual-wavelength absorbance coefficient ratio spectra (DARS) to avoid the fingerprint bias caused by peak purity. Secondly, liquid-phase dual-wavelength tandem fingerprint (DWTF) of 38 batches of CLTs was established for the first time. The two analytical methods were also evaluated using the systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM), and the 38 batches of samples were classified into two grades with good quality consistency. Quantitative analysis of the five markers of CLTs was performed simultaneously using the standard curve method (SCM) and the quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker (QAMS). The results showed no significant differences between the two analytical methods (p > 0.5). In addition, the in vitro dissolution of CLTs in two media (pure water and pH = 4.5 medium) was determined by the total UV fingerprint dissolution assay. The similarity of the dissolution curves was also analyzed by combining the f2 factor and the dissolution-systematically quantified fingerprint method (DSQFM). The result showed that most of the samples had f2 > 50 and Pm satisfied the range of 70–130%. Finally, a principal component analysis (PCA) model was developed to combine the evaluation parameters of chemical fingerprint and dissolution curves for comprehensive analysis of the samples. In this study, a chromatographic and dissolution-based quality analysis method was proposed, which effectively overcomes the shortcomings of previous analytical methods and provides a scientific analytical method for the quality control of natural drugs.

Quality control of Hugan capsule based on four-wavelength fusion profiling and electrochemical fingerprint combined with antioxidant activity and chemometric analysis

Improving the quality standard system of herbal preparations (HPs) is an arduous task for the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). At present, an urgent task is to establish a comprehensive, scientific and effective evaluation method for improving the safety, effectiveness and quality consistency of HPs. In this study, Hu Gan capsules (HGCs) were used as an example. Firstly, the three quality markers (Q-markers) in 21 batches of HGCs from 4 manufacturers were determined by HPLC and great difference in content of each sample was found. Furthermore, four-wavelength fusion profiling (FWFP) was established and evaluated by systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM). Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to make a preliminary analysis of the FWFP and distinguish the fluctuation of differences in chemical composition and content. Then, 9 characteristic parameters were recorded through the B-Z oscillating system, and the electrochemical fingerprint (ECFP) was constructed for jointing evaluation with the FWFP, using the equal weight of SQFM results to comprehensively evaluate the sample quality. The 21 batches of samples were divided into four groups and six grades, which indicated that there were significant differences in the content of indicator components and electrochemical active substances in samples. Finally, taking vitamin C as a positive control, 2, 2′-azino-bis (3 - ethyl -benzthiazoline - 6 - sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assay was applied to study the antioxidant activity of samples. Partial Least Squares (PLS) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) were used to analyze the fingerprint-efficacy relationships of FWFP-ABTS and FWFP-ECFP. Consequently, it was found that there were similar antioxidant capacities in electrochemistry and ABTS tests, and 31 of the 40 HPLC fingerprint peaks of HGCs were discovered to have antioxidant activity. The two methods supported each other, to effectively and corporately reflect the antioxidant components in HGCs. In this research, the FWFP and ECFP established could realize the quality detection of HGCs, and provide a novel direction for the improvement of the quality standard of HPs and the research of the quality standard method of TCM.

Quality assessment of liquorice combined with quantum fingerprint profiles and electrochemical activity

Liquorice, as a nutritional plant with a long histroy, is used in food and medical fields. In this study, we explored the quality consistent of liquorice from different locations by using multiple fingerprint profiles, including High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the average method of systematic quantified fingerprint method (AMSQFM) was presented to combine the chemical information of chromatography and spectral fingerprint. Macro qualitative similarity (Sm) and macro quantitative similarity (Pm) were used to assess the quality of 55 samples in terms of both qualitative and quantitative aspects. As a result, all the samples were well differentiated and classified into 6 grades. Additionally, partial least squares (PLS) model was used to evaluate the feasibility of quantizing glycyrrhizic acid (GLA) and liquiritin (LQT) by FT-IR spectral quantized fingerprint. The explanatory ability (R2Y) and prediction ability (Q2) of model were all greater than 0.9 and 0.5 respectively, the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were both less than 2.0. In the end, two characteristic parameters of electrochemistry (EC), oscillation life (tosc) and maximum amplitude (ΔEmax), were used to predict the reducibility of liquorice. Models were accurate and had good predictive abilities with the appropriate parameters, five active components in liquorice all exhibited certain reducing ability. In conclusion, this study provides a new idea for evaluating the quality and reduction ability of liquorice.

Evaluation of quality consistency of herbal preparations using five-wavelength fusion HPLC fingerprint combined with ATR-FT-IR spectral quantized fingerprint: Belamcandae rhizoma antiviral injection as an example

The present study was designed to establish a comprehensive and practical method for the quality evaluation and control of herbal preparation (HEP). The chemical information of belamcandae rhizoma antiviral injection (BRAI) was extracted using a dual-system control system comprised of HPLC chromatography and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy. To begin with, a quantitative analysis of six BRAI index components was accomplished. On this basis, HPLC five-wavelength fusion fingerprint was established to control the overall quality of BRAI. Secondly, the quality control system of ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy was constructed, that is, a quantitative analytic model to forecast the total amount of index components. Concurrently, the ATR-FT-IR quantized fingerprint was established for similarity analysis utilizing the Systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM). In addition, an integrated evaluation technique based on equal weights was presented to assure the comprehensiveness of chemical information. The 20 samples demonstrated good consistency in terms of quality, with a quality rating of grade 1–3. Notably, the rationality of the average method of Systematic quantified fingerprint method application in BRAI was further verified using PCA and low-level data fusion. Finally, this paper developed a model for intelligent analysis that is both quick and complete. We have redefined the quality standard of belamcandae rhizoma that can be put into production (70%< Pm<130%) in light of the influence of other HEM in the BRAI. This research demonstrated a quality analysis technique based on chromatography and spectrum, which was suited for HEP consistency control since it was easy, quick, accurate, and reliable.

Quality Evaluation of Pulsatilla chinensis Total Saponin Extracts via Quantitative Analysis of Multicomponents by Single Marker Method Combined with Systematic Quantified Fingerprint Method.

Chinese medicine extracts are complex in composition. The combination of the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker (QAMS) and the systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) can be used for better quantitative analysis. The contents of Pulsatilla saponin D, Pulsatilla saponin A, Pulsatilla saponin F, and oleanolic acid 3-o-β-d-pyranoglucosyl-(1⟶4)-β-d-pyranoglucosyl-(1⟶3)-α-l-pyridine rhamnosyl-(1⟶2)-α-l-pyranosine arabinoside (B9) were determined by HPLC and QAMS. The methodological verification was carried out. The relative correction factor (RCF) was calculated, and the reproducibility of the RCF was investigated. The experimental results of the external standard method (ESM) and the QAMS were compared. Meanwhile, the fingerprint of the extract of Pulsatilla chinensis total saponins was established and the quality of the extract was evaluated by SQFM and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the QAMS and ESM. QAMS could be used for the rapid determination of various saponins in the extract of Pulsatilla chinensis. SQFM and HCA could objectively and comprehensively reflect the overall quality difference of total saponin extract of Pulsatilla chinensis. Therefore, QAMS and SQFM could provide a more convenient and effective selection for the quality evaluation of total saponin extract from this plant.

Comprehensive evaluation of Loblolly fruit by high performance liquid chromatography four wavelength fusion fingerprint combined with gas chromatography fingerprinting and antioxidant activity analysis

Loblolly fruit (LBF) is mainly used as raw material for beverage, but there are few researches on its quality evaluation or control. The aim of this study was to develop comprehensive evaluation methods for the quality control of Loblolly fruit. firstly, double wavelength coefficient ratio spectrum was used to identify the purity of chromatographic fingerprint peak. It is very important to identify the purity of fingerprint peaks because only the quantitative determination of pure chromatographic peaks is meaningful for its efficient quality control. Then, multi-wavelength fusion fingerprint was established to avoid one-sidedness of a single wavelength for further evaluation by systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM). According to the outcome of Pm, 25 batches of LBF were classified into two classifications by hierarchical cluster analysis, which was consistent with the SQFM evaluation results. Two active components, gallic acid (GAC) and ethyl gallate (EGA) in LBF, were quantitatively determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). In addition, the fingerprint efficacy relationship was established using an off-line antioxidant system and partial least-squares model to explore the connection between chemical components and antioxidant activities. Finally, the evaluation results of high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were integrated by the mean algorithm, which could reduce the error caused by single method. The results showed that the proposed strategy could provide a method for quality evaluation of LBF and even other traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).

Evaluating the quality consistency of Keteling capsules by three-dimensional quantum fingerprints and HPLC fingerprint

Keteling capsules (KCs), as a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have been widely used in curing cough and relieving asthma. However, the complicated compositions make it challenging to evaluate their quality consistency by common methods. Herein, we explored comprehensive and efficient strategies by combining the multiple techniques to monitor and assess the characteristics of KCs. We employed the fingerprints and corresponding quantum fingerprints by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet (UV), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The antioxidant activity profiles were also studied combined with the result of three-dimensional quantum fingerprints and showed a good correlation with the internal structure and physical-chemical state. Furthermore, the 17 samples were separated and identified simultaneously by HPLC quantitative fingerprint, of which four active ingredients (chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vitexin and isovitexin) were quantitatively determined. The 17 samples were successfully classified into different grades by the systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) and the quality of the samples was integrated according to the mean algorithm. The mean algorithm fusion of different evaluation techniques was compared to reveal the relationship between them, which indicated the effective improvement in accuracy and integrality. The combination of multiple analytical techniques developed in this study would effectively improve the existing single analytical methods and provide new strategy for drug quality consistency control.

Assessing the quality consistency of Rong'e Yishen oral liquid by five-wavelength maximization profilings and electrochemical fingerprints combined with antioxidant activity analyses

Quality consistency control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often essential for providing reference and procedure to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of TCM. Taking Rong'e Yishen oral liquid (REYS) as an example, five-wavelength maximization profilings (FWMPs) of 21 samples were constructed to fully manifest the maximum UV absorption characteristics at multi-wavelength. The preliminary analysis of FWMPs by principal component analysis (PCA) suggested us focusing on evaluating the quality consistency qualitatively and quantitatively by systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM). Meanwhile, electrochemical fingerprints (ECFPs) were established and the related characteristic parameters were deeply analyzed. All the samples had inhibitory effect on the electrochemical oscillation system, and the oscillation life (tol) was linear with the added volume and temperature in a certain range, respectively (r > 0.94). The merging point method was first introduced to process ECFP to facilitate its evaluation with SQFM. The evaluation results of FWMPs and the merged ECFPs were integrated in an equal weight for assessing the sample quality completely, and 21 samples were classified into two grades with good quality consistency. Furthermore, 2, 2-azino-bis (3 - ethyl - benzthiazoline - 6 - sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assay was applied to study the antioxidant activity of samples using vitamin C as a positive control. Partial least squares (PLS) model and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) was used for FWMP-ABTS efficacy relationship and FWMP-merged ECFP efficacy relationship respectively. 15 of the 48 co-possessing peaks made important contributions to the two efficacy relationships simultaneously. This study suggested a comprehensive and reliable approach for quality consistency control of complex TCM or herbal medicine.

Overall quantified fingerprints combined with super-information characteristics digitized parameters to monitor the quality consistency of Rong'e Yishen oral liquid

Acteoside (ACT) and icariin (ICA) were used as dual reference peaks to calibrate the fingerprint system, and 15 batches of Rong’e Yishen oral liquid (REYS) HPLC digital fingerprints were established and evaluated. The external standard method was used to quantify the samples with dual markers. The super-information characteristics digital parameters of REYS fingerprints have been deeply mined and a total of 77 parameters have been analyzed in detail. Systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) and quantified ratio fingerprint method (QRFM) were used to simultaneously analyze the macro (ratio) qualitative similarity [Sm (Sr)] and macro (ratio) quantitative similarity [Pm (Pr)] of samples. The content of ACT and ICA in different batches fluctuated in the range of 318.0–522.7 μg/mL and 420.8–606.8 μg/mL, respectively. According to the ± 15% range standard of RFP characteristic technical parameters, S3, S6-S9, S14, and S15 were out of bounds. The evaluation results showed that all the samples were within the acceptable range [Sm (Sr) ≥ 0.90, 70%≤Pm (Pr) ≤ 130%]. The different evaluation and analysis results of SQFM and QFRM proposed a new strategy for quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore, the method established in this paper can clearly identify and sensitively reflect the small variation of REYS, not only can supply quality control method and digital technology guarantee for REYS, but also provide support for the development of digital TCM that is conducive to quality control technology.

Quality Evaluation of Pulsatilla Total Saponins Extracts Via Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single Marker Method Combined with Systematic Quantified Fingerprint Method

In this paper, the quality evaluation of the total saponins extracts of Pulsatilla was carried out by using the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) and the systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM). Firstly, the difference between QAMS and external standard method (ESM) was compared to explore the feasibility of the former. Then, HPLC method was applied to establish the fingerprints of 5 batches of total saponins extracts from Pulsatilla. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the measurements of QAMS and ESM (t-test, P>0.05). Using Pulsatilla saponin D as the internal standard (IRS), Pulsatilla saponin A, Pulsatilla saponin F and Oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-Pyranoglucosyl-(1→4)-β-D-Pyranoglucosyl-(1→3)-α-L-Pyridine rhamnosyl-(1→2)-α-L-Pyranosinearabinoside(B9 for short) can be quantified simultaneously. Finally, the fingerprints of 5 batches of the total saponin extract of Pulsatilla were evaluated by using SQFM and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Although there were some differences, the evaluation results were objective, true and comprehensive. Therefore, this method can be used to evaluate the quality of Pulsatilla and other traditional Chinese medicine.

A smart spectral analysis strategy-based UV and FT-IR spectroscopy fingerprint: Application to quality evaluation of compound liquorice tablets

This study focuses on development of a smart spectral analysis strategy for rapid quality evaluation of complex sample. Firstly, the ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were established. Secondly, the second derivative UV spectral was obtained and showed 7 major absorption peaks, which was the projection of the 3D-spectrum profile. It can perform peak matching like chromatogram, thus, helpful for 3D UV spectrum analysis, qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative and quantitative similarity results based on systematic quantified fingerprint method displayed basically a consistency with their hierarchical cluster analysis results. Notably, the quality evaluation of the first proposed FT-IR spectral quantized fingerprints and the good correlation of Pm% with PA (R2 = 0.80296), as well as the excellent quantitative prediction model for liquiritin, glycyrrhizinic acid and sodium benzoate all indicated the promising of FT-IR spectral quantized fingerprint in quantitative analysis and QC of compound liquorice tablets. Finally, an integrated evaluate strategy was developed by mean algorithm to reduce the error caused by single technique. 54 samples integrally had a good quality consistency as their quality ranged grade 1–5. This study illustrated that the smart data analysis strategy based on spectral fingerprint has potential to enhance existing methodologies for further rapid and integrated studies evaluating the quality of herbal medicine and its related products.

Study on multiple fingerprint profiles control and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with chemometrics based on Yankening tablets

In this study, we explored the quality consistent evaluation method of Yankening Tablets (YKNT) from different manufacturers by using multiple fingerprint profiles, including dual-wavelength ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) serial fingerprint and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) fingerprint, combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method. In the Average method of systematic quantified fingerprint method (AMSQFM), three fingerprint parameters of macro qualitative similarity (Sm-UPLC-FTIR), macro quantitative similarity (Pm-UPLC-FTIR), and the variation coefficient of fingerprint homogeneity (αUPLC-FTIR) were calculated based on the ratio method. The Sm-UPLC-FTIR values of all the samples were greater than 0.80, the αUPLC-FTIR values were less than 0.20, and the Pm-UPLC-FTIR values range from 72.8% to 119.8%. Method validation results showed the established fingerprint method had good precision, solution stability, and method repeatability, all samples could be roughly divided into different levels. The contents of berberine (BBR) and baicalin (BCL) measured by the calibration curve method (CCM) and QAMS method were compared, and t-test results (Pvalue > 0.05) indicated there was no significant difference between the two methods, which showed that QAMS could accurately quantify the markers of the YKNT. The explanatory ability (R2Y) values of BBR and BCL in the PLS model were both greater than 0.94, and the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values were both less than 2.5, indicating that the established model was reliable. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided all samples into four categories. This research made a major contribution to the quality consistent evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and food.

A novel method for quality consistency evaluation of Yankening Tablet by multi-wavelength fusion profiling combined with overall components dissolution method and antioxidant activity analysis

Yankening Tablet (YKNT) is an anti-inflammatory Chinese medicine, which has the effect of heat-clearing and purging pathogenic fire. In this paper, a novel method for quality consistency evaluation of YKNT by multi-wavelength fusion profiling combined with multi-component quantification, overall components dissolution method and antioxidant activity analysis was established. The five-wavelength fusion fingerprint (FWFFP) of 19 batches of YKNT was established, which was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM), and the quality of YKNTs was divided into different grades successfully. Three active components, Berberine (BBR), baicalin (BCL) and chrysophanol (CRP) in YKNT, were quantitatively determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). Principal component analysis divided the 19 batches of samples into two categories according to the content difference, which was consistent with the SQFM evaluation results. The combination of SQFM and QAMS successfully achieved the quantitative determination of YKNT from the whole to accurate. Partial least squares (PLS) model was developed to explore the relationship between the antioxidant ability and fingerprint of YKNT. Further overall dissolution UV fingerprints (ODUV-FP) were successfully established, in which the ultraviolet fingerprint (UV-FP) quantitative method was applied to determine the dissolution of the whole chemical substance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation. HPLC fingerprints (HPLC-FP) and ODUV-FP were combined to realize the dual control of the quality and efficacy of YKNT, providing a new method for consistency evaluation of TCM.

Overall control herbal medicine in best consistency

The standard preparation (SP) based on the quantitative fingerprint was proposed to control the quality of compound licorice tablets (CPLTs) in this paper, which is a great way to control the quality consistency nowadays. Here, taking China 145 batches of CPLTs from 9 manufacturers as samples to set up High Performance Liquid Chromatography fingerprints and CPLT-SP, and employing the systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) combined five markers’ contents to evaluate their quality. The results showed that all samples were qualified. The quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) for the determination of five components in CPLTs was applied, and there was no striking diversity in the results compared to the standard curve method. Furthermore, the correlation between raw materials and preparation of CPLTs was studied for predicting quality intelligently. As well as the ultraviolet full fingerprint dissolution was applied to evaluate the rationality of preparation. The results demonstrated that SQFM based on SP can integrally and perfectly control the quality of HD in best consistency.

Multiple wavelengths maximization fusion fingerprint profiling for quality evaluation of compound liquorice tablets and related antioxidant activity analysis

With natural plant entering a worldwide new arena in clinical medicine and pharmaceutical, herbal preparation are becoming popular all over the world. Compound liquorice tablets (CLQTs) have been widely applied as effective and typical antitussive, expectorant and antiasthma. It is worth noting that quality determines effectiveness and safety, which make it essential for quality control of CLQTs. Considering the different UV absorption characteristics of various components, high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of 156 batches of CLQTs were determined at four wavelengths. Additionally, multi-wavelength maximization fusion profiling was developed to digest and synthesize the valuable fingerprint information of each sample for its holistic quality evaluation. Quantitative determination of five major ingredients was performed and no significant differences were found in five-compound content among 156 samples (p > 0.05). All samples were clarified into six quality grades using systematic quantified fingerprint method from qualitative and quantitative perspective and showed significant difference among nine manufactures (p < 0.05). A well established 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay was applied to study the in vitro antioxidant activity of CLQTs samples using L-ascorbic acid as positive control. Furthermore, OPLS was established for the fingerprint-efficacy relationship analysis and demonstrated the significant contribution of peaks 15-liquiritin and 30-glycyrrhizic acid (VIP > 0.5). The study suggested that this quantitative fingerprint approach is reliable and beneficial for quality control of complex herbal medicine or herbal preparation.

Quality evaluation of powdered poppy capsule extractive by systematic quantified fingerprint method combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method

Powdered Poppy Capsule Extractive (PPCE) is largely used as a raw material of Compound Liquorice Tablets, but there are few studies of its quality evaluation or control. In this paper, a novel strategy for quality assessment of PPCE, systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) method, was developed and validated. According to the outcome of Pm and the content of codeine and morphine, 41 batches of PPCEs were classified into two classifications by hierarchical cluster analysis, and the samples in one of the categories were obviously inferior to normal in quality. The results demonstrated that the strategy developed in this paper could provide a new method for quality evaluation of PPCE or even other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

HPLC determination of digital fingerprint and reliability of Zhusha Anshen Pills

AbstractIn this paper, we aimed to establish Zhusha Anshen Pills chromatogram fingerprint and evaluate it comprehensively with the of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint evaluation system. The total information index TQ of chromatographic fingerprint was used to optimize the high‐performance liquid chromatography test conditions, and berberine was used as the reference peak to establish the high‐performance liquid chromatography digital fingerprint of Zhusha Anshen Pills. The latent information characteristics of Zhusha Anshen Pills high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint were mined by software, and the quality of samples was controlled within the limit of ±15% of the technical parameters of reference fingerprint. The systematic quantified fingerprint method, the normalized chromatographic fingerprint and the reliability evaluation were also used as multiple controls for Zhusha Anshen Pills. Whether the control of latent information characteristic parameters, systematic quantified fingerprint method or reliability control, they all showed that S1 was significantly different from other batches on the whole, but different from others on the details. Compared with other methods, systematic quantified fingerprint method classification is more clearly, accurate, simple to operate and reliability. It is a worthy quality evaluation method for traditional Chinese medicine.

Evaluation of the quality consistency of Zhenju Jiangya Tablets by systematic quantified fingerprint method in combination with antioxidant activity and three compounds analyses

Zhenju Jiangya tablets (ZHJYP) are widely used as antihypertensive medicine. In this study we aimed to establish a comprehensive analytical method to evaluate the overall quality of ZHJYP. The fingerprints of ZHJYP were established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then multi-wavelength fusion fingerprints were generated. Meanwhile quantitative analysis of three active ingredients was also carried out. The systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) was used to analyze the similarity of fingerprint in qualitative and quantitative aspects. The evaluation results showed that all the samples were well differentiated and classified into different grades. Furthermore, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between fingerprint and antioxidant activity was also studied by partial least-squares model. The method established in this paper can provide a scientific and promising reference for the QC of ZHJYP and other similar herbal preparations.

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography fingerprints combined with multivariate statistical analyses to evaluate the quality consistency and predict the fingerprint-efficacy relationship of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen).

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography fingerprinting combined with quantification was successfully established and applied to evaluate the quality consistency of Danshen, which is a medicinal herb used to treat various diseases, especially coronary cerebrovascular diseases. A background electrolyte composed of 20mmol/L sodium tetraborate, 90mmol/L orthoboric acid, 25mmol/L sodium phosphate monobasic dehydrate, and 65mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate was used to separate compounds. To optimize micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography conditions, a response surface strategy was set up for orthogonal experimental design. In fingerprint assessments, a systematic quantified fingerprint method was established for integrated quality assessment of Danshen samples from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, by which the quality of 30 samples was well differentiated. The principal component analysis coupled with quantitative determination of two components was applied to explain that the quality consistency of the medicinal herb was relatively good within one harvest season, but poor among harvest seasons for the Danshen samples. In addition, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between the chemical fingerprints and antioxidant activities was investigated utilizing orthogonal projection to latent structures, which provided important medicinal efficacy information for quality control. This work offered an efficient, holistic, and powerful approach to evaluate the quality consistency of Danshen samples.