Systematic Process Research Articles

Bismuth Film along with dsDNA-Modified Electrode Surfaces as Promising (bio)Sensors in the Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soils.

Heavy metals constitute pollutants that are particularly common in air, water, and soil. They are present in both urban and rural environments, on land, and in marine ecosystems, where they cause serious environmental problems since they do not degrade easily, remain almost unchanged for long periods, and bioaccumulate. The detection and especially the quantification of metals require a systematic process. Regular monitoring is necessary because of seasonal variations in metal levels. Consequently, there is a significant need for rapid and low-cost metal determination methods. In this study, we compare and analytically validate absorption spectrometry with a sensitive voltammetric method, which uses a bismuth film-plated electrode surface and applies stripping voltammetry. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) represents a well-established analytical technique, while the applicability of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) in complicated sample matrices such as soil samples is currently unknown. This sample-handling challenge is investigated in the present study. The results show that the AAS and ASV methods were satisfactorily correlated and showed that the metal concentration in soils was lower than the limit values but with an increasing trend. Therefore, continuous monitoring of metal levels in the urban complex of a city is necessary and a matter of great importance. The limits of detection of cadmium (Cd) were lower when using the stripping voltammetry (SWASV) graphite furnace technique compared with those obtained with AAS when using the graphite furnace. However, when using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (flame-AAS), the measurements tended to overestimate the concentration of Cd compared with the values found using SWASV. This highlights the differences in sensitivity and accuracy between these analytical methods for detecting Cd. The SWASV method has the advantage of being cheaper and faster, enabling the simultaneous determination of heavy elements across the range of concentrations that these elements can occur in Mediterranean soils. Additionally, a dsDNA biosensor is suggested for the discrimination of Cu(I) along with Cu(II) based on the oxidation peak of guanine, and adenine residues can be applied in the redox speciation analysis of copper in soil, which represents an issue of great importance.

A Systematic Process to Engineer Dependable Integration of Frame-based Input Devices in a Multimodal Input Chain: Application to Rehabilitation in Healthcare

Designing new input devices and associated interaction techniques is a key contribution in order to increase the bandwidth between users and interactive applications. In the field of Human-Computer Interaction, research and development services in industry and research laboratories in universities have been, since the invention of the mouse and the graphical user interface, proposing multiple contributions including the integration of multiple input devices in multimodal interaction technique. Those contributions, most of the time, are presented as prototypes or demonstrators providing evidence of the bandwidth increase through user studies. Such contributions however, do not provide any support to software developers for integrating them in real-life systems. When done, this integration is performed in a craft manner, outside required software engineering good practice. This paper proposes a systematic process to integrate novel input devices and associated interaction techniques to better support users' work. It exploits most recent interactive systems architectural model and formal model-based approaches for interactive systems supporting verification and validation when required. The paper focusses on Frame-based input devices which support gesture-based interactions and movements recognition but also addresses their multimodal use. This engineering approach is demonstrated on an interactive application in the area of rehabilitation in healthcare where dependability of interactions and applications is as critical as their usability.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENGGAJIAN PEKERJA LAPANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN KONTRUKSI DENPASAR, BALI

The Denpasar, Bali Construction Company is engaged in the construction sector whose work is focused on field work. This company is a subsidiary of Company X. One of the human resources in a construction company is field workers. The company has a payroll system to provide salaries to field workers. However, in the Company there is a payroll calculation system that is fairly manual with manual recording and bypassing payroll rules, so it takes a long time. Therefore, a payroll system for field workers was created to facilitate field supervisors in calculating workers' salaries. The development method used is the waterfall because it is a systematic process so as to minimize errors, testing to ensure there are errors in a system. The results of testing the entire system are successful with a 100% percentage, can make it easier for field supervisors to calculate salaries, the finance department can view payroll reports and download, and make it easier for workers to take attendance and get payslips.

SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING ADMINISTRASI SURAT BERBASIS WEBSITE PADA BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

This study aims to develop a website-based mail administration monitoring information system at the National Amil Zakat Board of East Java Province. This website is to track the distribution of letters to these institutions so that they can be controlled properly with the help of a tracking system. The National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of East Java Province follows a systematic research process which includes identifying problems and user needs through data collection, system analysis, system design, building systems using PHP programming and MySQL databases, system testing using Blackbox, and documentation and reports .

Analysis Of The Role Of Social Media In Political Marketing Of The National Mandate Party In The 2024 General Election In Jambi City

In the world of politics, the use of social media can also be an opportunity for new political parties to introduce their parties to the public. Political marketing via social media nowadays is one of the effective marketing techniques used by a number of political actors and political parties in Indonesia, especially for new political parties, because social media can make it easier to disseminate information related to the political party. This study used qualitative research methods. The aim is to explain the phenomenon in as much detail as possible through data collection and the object of this research includes the Jambi City National Mandate Party. The method used in this research is a literature review. Literature review is a systematic process of collecting, evaluating, and synthesizing literature related to a particular research topic. Data collection and documentation techniques from Google Schoolar. Data analysis and critical review techniques. Critical review is a process of critical evaluation and analysis of a particular work or topic. Political marketing strategies teach parties to be able to differentiate their political products and image through the political marketing process. There are 4 marketing mixes in the world of politics, namely: Product, Promotion, Price, Placement.

Enhancing healthcare supply chain management through artificial intelligence-driven group decision-making with Sugeno–Weber triangular norms in a dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy context

The healthcare industry faces numerous challenges in managing its supply chain efficiently, where critical decisions must be made promptly to ensure the availability of essential medical resources. This research introduces a novel artificial intelligence (AI) approach, utilizing the “Sugeno–Weber (SW) t-conorms and t-norms” (SWt-CNs&t-Ns) for decision-making in a Dual Hesitant q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy (DHq-ROF) context. The SWt-CNs&t-Ns are chosen for their adaptability in data unification, serving as prominent operations for union and intersection processes. Developing a set of fundamental operations is imperative to effectively utilize SWt-CNs&t-Ns and hybrid aggregation operators in DHq-ROF settings. Following the introduction of these processes, several aggregating operators have been provided. These operators include DHq-ROF SW weighted averaging, ordered weighted averaging, hybrid averaging, and their geometric counterparts utilizing DHq-ROF data. The SW triangular norm-based approach aggregates group preferences, facilitating a systematic decision-making process. Triangular norms ensure a realistic representation of interrelationships among decision criteria, leading to optimal healthcare supply chain management solutions. Furthermore, the SW triangular norm-based approach aggregates group preferences, enabling a systematic and comprehensive decision-making process. Choosing the best healthcare supply chain management solutions is easier when you use triangular norms because they give a more accurate picture of how the decision criteria affect each other. The effectiveness of the proposed AI framework is demonstrated through a series of experiments and case studies, showcasing its ability to enhance decision accuracy, reduce uncertainty, and improve overall supply chain performance. The research findings underscore the potential of AI-driven solutions to revolutionize healthcare supply chain management, ultimately leading to better resource allocation, cost efficiency, and improved patient care.

Shifting from Immunohistochemistry to Screen for ALK Rearrangements: Real-World Experience in a Large Single-Center Cohort of Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

The identification of ALK fusions in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (aNSCLC) is mandatory for targeted therapy. The current diagnostic approach employs an algorithm using ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening, followed by confirmation through ALK FISH and/or next-generation sequencing (NGS). Challenges arise due to the infrequency of ALK fusions (3-7% of aNSCLC), the suboptimal specificity of ALK IHC and ALK FISH, and the growing molecular demands placed on small tissue samples, leading to interpretative, tissue availability, and time-related issues. This study investigates the effectiveness of RNA NGS as a reflex test for identifying ALK fusions in NSCLC, with the goal of replacing ALK IHC in the systematic screening process. The evaluation included 1246 NSCLC cases using paired techniques: ALK IHC, ALK FISH, and ALK NGS. ALK IHC identified 51 positive cases (4%), while RNA NGS detected ALK alterations in 59 cases (4.8%). Of the 59 ALK-positive cases identified via NGS, 53 (89.8%) were confirmed to be positive. This included 51 cases detected via both FISH and IHC, and 2 cases detected only via FISH, as they were completely negative according to IHC. The combined reporting time for ALK IHC and ALK FISH averaged 13 days, whereas ALK IHC and RNA NGS reports were obtained in an average of 4 days. These results emphasize the advantage of replacing systematic ALK IHC screening with RNA NGS reflex testing for a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of ALK status.

Bias and ethics of AI systems applied in auditing - A systematic review

The integration of artificial intelligence into auditing shows great potential in enhancing automation and gaining insights from complex data. However, it also presents significant ethical challenges, including algorithmic biases, transparency, accountability, and fairness. This study aimed to investigate the sources of bias and risks posed by AI systems applied in auditing and the complex downstream interactions and effects they have. The study also explored the technical and ethical guardrails proposed and recommendations for translating principles into auditing practice. A systematic methodology was employed to acquire relevant studies across scientific databases. This involved a three-step process, including a targeted search query using Boolean operators and snowballing to yield 310 preliminary publications. A systematic review process was then conducted to identify 123 relevant articles focused on AI's implications for auditing, accounting, finance, or assurance contexts. Finally, screening and filtering on research quality distilled 83 high-quality publications from the year 2018 to 2023 spanning computer science, accounting, management science, and ethics disciplines. The analysis revealed five primary sources driving technical and human biases: data deficiencies, demographic homogeneity, spurious correlations, improper comparators, and cognitive biases. It also highlighted wider issues, such as trade-offs between efficiency and diligence, erosion of human skills and judgement, data dependence risks, and privacy violations from uncontrolled personal data exploitation. The study found promising remedies, including causal modeling to enable auditors to uncover subtle biases, representative algorithmic testing to evaluate fairness, periodic auditing of AI systems, human oversight alongside automation, and embedding ethical values like fairness and accountability into system design. The study concludes that auditors play a crucial role in assessing and ensuring AI's reliable and socially beneficial integration. It recommends governance, risk assessment before deployment, ongoing performance monitoring, and policies fostering trust and collaboration to responsibly translate principles into auditing practice.

Management of potentially inappropriate medication use among older adult’s patients in primary care settings: description of an interventional prospective non-randomized study

BackgroundThe management of inappropriate medication use in older patients suffering from multimorbidity and polymedication is a major healthcare challenge. In a primary care setting, a medication review is an effective tool through which a pharmacist can collaborate with a practitioner to detect inappropriate drug use.AimThis project described the implementation of a systematic process for the management of potentially inappropriate medication use among Lebanese older adults. Its aim was to involve pharmacists in geriatric care and to suggest treatment optimization through the analysis of prescriptions using explicit and implicit criteria.MethodThis study evaluated the medications of patients over 65 years taking a minimum of five chronic medications a day in different regions of Lebanon. Descriptive statistics for all the included variables using mean and standard deviation (Mean (SD)) for continuous variables and frequency and percentage (n, (%)) for multinomial variables were then performed.ResultsA total of 850 patients (50.7% women, 28.6% frail, 75.7 (8.01) mean age (SD)) were included in this study. The mean number of drugs per prescription was 7.10 (2.45). Roughly 88% of patients (n = 748) had at least one potentially inappropriate drug prescription: 66.4% and 64.4% of the patients had at least 1 drug with an unfavorable benefit-to-risk ratio according to Beers and EU(7)-PIM respectively. Nearly 50.4% of patients took at least one medication with no indication. The pharmacists recommended discontinuing medication for 76.5% of the cases of drug related problems. 26.6% of the overall proposed interventions were implemented.DiscussionThe rate of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing (PIDP) (88%) was higher than the rates previously reported in Europe, US, and Canada. It was also higher than studies conducted in Lebanon where it varied from 22.4 to 80% depending on the explicit criteria used, the settings, and the medical conditions of the patients. We used both implicit and explicit criteria with five different lists to improve the detection of all types of inappropriate medication use since Lebanon obtains drugs from many different sources. Another potential source for variation is the lack of a standardized process for the assessment of outpatient medication use in the elderly.ConclusionThe prevalence PIDP detected in the sample was higher than the percentages reported in previous literature. Systematic review of prescriptions has the capacity to identify and resolve pharmaceutical care issues thus improving geriatric care.

Green AI‐Driven Concept for the Development of Cost‐Effective and Energy‐Efficient Deep Learning Method: Application in the Detection of Eimeria Parasites as a Case Study

Although large‐scale pretrained convolutinal neural networks (CNN) models have shown impressive transfer learning capabilities, they come with drawbacks such as high energy consumption and computational cost due to their potential redundant parameters. This study presents an innovative weight‐level pruning technique that mitigates the challenges of overparameterization, and subsequently minimizes the electricity usage of such large deep learning models. The method focuses on removing redundant parameters while upholding model accuracy. This methodology is applied to classify Eimeria species parasites from fowls and rabbits. By leveraging a set of 27 pretrained CNN models with a number of parameters between 3.0M and 118.5M, the framework has identified a 4.8M‐parameter model with the highest accuracy for both animals. The model is then subjected to a systematic pruning process, resulting in an 8% reduction in parameters and a 421M reduction in floating point operations while maintaining the same classification accuracy for both fowls and rabbits. Furthermore, unlike the existing literature where two separate models are created for rabbits and fowls, this article presents a combined model with 17 classes. This approach has resulted in a CNN model with nearly 50% reduced parameter size while retaining the same accuracy of over 90%.

Evaluasi Pembinaan Program Anak Penyandang Kesejahteraan Sosial di Kampung Anak Negeri Dinas Sosial Kota Surabaya

Policy program evaluation is a systematic process for evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance and impact of a government policy or program. The main objective is to understand the extent to which the program or policy has succeeded in achieving its objectives, as well as to identify areas of improvement or adjustments needed. Policy evaluation is a step important in a sustainable public policy cycle, helping to ensure that policies can provide maximum benefits for the community. The State Children's Village is a program designed by the Surabaya City Social Service to provide services and protection to children who are in need and have social problems in their area. Evaluation of the development program for children with social welfare in the Surabaya City Social Service's State Children's Village was carried out comprehensively to ensure the effectiveness and positive impact of the program. The State Children's Village Program is an initiative of the Surabaya City Social Service which aims to provide guidance and assistance to children who suffer from social welfare. need, especially those who are considered recipients of social welfare or have social problems. This program focuses on developing children through training, coaching and mentoring so that they can live better, more humanely, and learn to behave normally. Through a comprehensive evaluation, the coaching program Kampung Anak Negeri can ensure that efforts to develop children in the city of Surabaya really have a significant impact in improving their welfare and creating better conditions for future generations.

IMPLEMENTASI FINANSIAL LITERASI DAN FINANSIAL TEKNOLOGI DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN UMKM DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA

The current condition of micro, small, and medium enterprises is not as bad as it used to be. However, in this developmental process, micro, small, and medium enterprise managers face various challenges, including limited financial understanding and a lack of skills in applying technology for financial management. This study employs qualitative methods to understand the implementation of Financial Literacy and Financial Technology in managing micro, small, and medium enterprises' finances in Kolaka Regency using purposive sampling techniques. Qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques were used. According to Bogdan in Hardan et al. (2020), data analysis is a systematic process of collecting and describing information from various sources such as interviews, field notes, and other materials. The aim of this process is to facilitate a better understanding and communicate the results to others. Research shows that financial literacy and financial technology in managing MSME finances in Kolaka Regency are working well, helping MSMEs manage financial resources effectively and utilize digital payments to increase access to financial services and financial inclusion.

Understanding residents’ risk information seeking, processing and sharing regarding waste incineration power projects

Waste incineration power projects (WIPP) may face suspicion and resistance due to potential environmental and health risks. Information behavior has become a crucial way for residents to manage the risks. By integrating the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model with the protective action decision model (PADM), the study develops a four-stage model that incorporates information acquisition and perceived benefits to understand the determinants of residents’ information behaviors regarding WIPP. A total of 1726 respondents were interviewed. The results indicate that 77.5 % respondents frequently use social media. Of the twenty-five hypothesized paths, twenty-one were found to be significant. Information acquisition from social media plays a larger predictive role than that from official media. Perceived risks, benefits, and knowledge positively predict information sharing, systematic processing, and information seeking, respectively. Perceived knowledge has the strongest direct influence on information insufficiency (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) with the explained variance of systematic processing being the highest (R2 = 0.51). Interesting, the relationship between information insufficiency and information sharing, as well as between relevant channel beliefs and information sharing, are negative. Theoretical insights into extending the PADM and the RISP model are provided, as well as managerial implications for risk communication about WIPP.

Health technology assessment in musculoskeletal radiology: the case study of EOSedge™

ObjectivesHealth technology assessment (HTA) is a systematic process used to evaluate the properties and effects of healthcare technologies within their intended use context. This paper describes the adoption of HTA process to assess the adoption of the EOSedge™ system in clinical practice.MethodsThe EOSedge™ system is a digital radiography system that delivers whole-body, high-quality 2D/3D biplanar images covering the complete set of musculoskeletal and orthopedic exams. Full HTA model was chosen using the EUnetHTA Core Model® version 3.0. The HTA Core Model organizes the information into nine domains. Information was researched and obtained by consulting the manufacturers’ user manuals, scientific literature, and institutional sites for regulatory aspects.ResultsAll nine domains of the EUnetHTA Core Model® helped conduct the HTA of the EOSedge, including (1) description and technical characteristics of the technology; (2) health problem and current clinical practice; (3) safety; (4) clinical effectiveness; (5) organizational aspects; (6) economic evaluation; (7) impact on the patient; (8) ethical aspects; and (9) legal aspects.ConclusionsEOS technologies may be a viable alternative to conventional radiographs. EOSedge has the same intended use and similar indications for use, technological characteristics, and operation principles as the EOS System and provides significant dose reduction factors for whole spine imaging compared to the EOS System without compromising image quality. Regarding the impact of EOS imaging on patient outcomes, most studies aim to establish technical ability without evaluating their ability to improve patient outcomes; thus, more studies on this aspect are warranted.

On Re-Constructing the National Identity

The process of constructing a national identity goes through a set of formulas that suggest a particular given definition based on different belongings and perspectives. Deciding on a definition of a nation reveals the extent to which definitions are perceived as suggestive, but not finite endings. The present article debates the national identity construction and discusses the broader sources of approaching national belonging. The article’s objectives target a review of the distinction between the factual and mythical formulation of the concept. It also decodes the basics which a national identity is constructed upon. In light of the postmodern theoretical background, the article examines and reintroduces the conceptualisation of a nation taking into consideration the systematic process over which the nation has ended up being approached similarly. Structurally, the article, first, dissects the primordial pillars of proving a nation’s existence. Consecutively, it scrutinises the foundational dependances in drawing the bottom lines throughout the national construction. The article’s concluding debates on broaching the minorities' re-articulation of the national identity. The paper results in the incredibility of the defining process which imposes certain criteria to confine given notions. It also closes with a suggestion to reframe the national correspondence that leaves room for minor representations to articulate their positions in an attempt to build up a national identity.

Barriers and Facilitators to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screenings for Hispanic Women in a Rural State

Abstract Introduction The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Division of Cancer Prevention of Control administer the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), designed to increase early detection of cancers among low-income uninsured and underinsured women. However, rates of cancer diagnosis and survivorship differ among women of different ethnicities. We investigated two questions: 1) what are the potential barriers and facilitators for women to complete recommended breast and cervical cancer screenings, and 2) are the barriers and facilitators different for Hispanic women when compared to non-Hispanic White women? Methods We used a community-based participatory research approach and mixed methods: qualitative interviews with women enrolled in the program and a systematic process improvement approach to identify root causes of completing or not completing screenings. We conducted semi-structured interviews in English (n = 11) and Spanish (n = 9) and analyzed responses using fishbone diagrams. Results We recruited 20 participants in four categories: (a) non-Hispanic White women who completed screenings (n = 9), (b) non-Hispanic White women who did not complete screenings (n = 2), (c) Hispanic women who completed screenings (n = 7), and (d) Hispanic women who did not complete screenings (n = 2). Among all women, facilitators included assistance from program staff with appointments and reminders. Hispanic women reported barriers including language difficulties and confusion about the program. Non-Hispanic White women identified barriers as confusion about the role of insurance. Conclusions We found that there are differences in barriers and facilitators for non-Hispanic White women and Hispanic women due to language, the role of insurance, and the level of trust in the program. Reasons for not completing screenings for Hispanic women were structural and systemic in nature; reasons for non-Hispanic White women were based on personal choices.

Comprehensive design and analysis of thin film Sb2S3/CIGS tandem solar cell: TCAD simulation approach

This research presents a design and analysis of a tandem solar cell, combining thin film wide bandgap Sb2S3 (1.72 eV) and narrow bandgap CIGS (1.15 eV) for the top and bottom sub-cells, respectively. The integration of all thin film layers enhances flexibility, rendering the tandem solar cell suitable for applications such as wearable electronics. To optimize the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the tandem solar device, advanced technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation tools are employed to estimate loss mechanisms and fine-tune parameters for each layer. An experimentally validated optoelectronic model is introduced, calibrated and validated against fabricated reference solar cells for the individual top and bottom cells. The calibrated model is then utilized to propose optimization routines for the Sb2S3/CIGS tandem solar cell. The initial tandem cell exhibits a J SC of 15.72 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 15.36%. The efficiency drop in the tandem configuration is identified primarily in the top cell. A systematic optimization process for the top cell is initiated, exploring various configurations, including HTL-free and ETL-free setups. Moreover, an np homojunction structure for the top cell is proposed. Optimization routines are applied that involve determining optimal thickness and doping concentration of the n-layer, investigating the effect of p-layer doping concentration, and exploring the influence of the work function of the front contact. As a result, the tandem cell efficiency is significantly improved to 23.33% at the current matching point (CMP), with a J SC of 17.15 mA cm−2. The findings contribute to the advancement of thin-film tandem solar cell technology, showcasing its potential for efficient and flexible photovoltaic applications.

Penerapan Evaluasi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu Pendidikan di MTs N 2 Mandailing Natal

This research aims to describe of explain the implementation of integrated education quality management evaluation at MTs N 2 Mandailing Natal. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The main respondent in this research was the Deputy Head of Madrasah Mts N 2 Mandailing Natal for Student Affairs. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation, including the use of madrasah social media to find additional sources of information. Evaluation of integrated education quality management is a systematic process that aims to ensure that all aspects of educational institutions run in accordance wint established quality standards. The evaluation carried out at MTs N 2 Mandailing Natal was fomative and summative and based on eight national education standards consisting of; student evaluation, teaching staff evaluation, and infrastructure evaluation, and curriculum evaluation. Evaluations are carried out periodically and in accordance with each main task and function, which means there are no obstacles in impementing the integrated education quality management evaluation process at MTs N 2 Mandailing Natal.

Implementasi Pelatihan Tari Nusantara dalam Meningkatkan Nasionalisme dan Kesadaran Budaya

The study attempts to present a qualitative description about how Nusantara dance training may serve to develop nationalism and cultural awareness. That shall be accomplished via a systematic review method and presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. This research uses a systematic review process that includes a number of phases: (a) creating research questions, (b) performing a literature search, (c) performing screening and selection of research articles, (d) carrying out analysis and synthesis of qualitative findings, (e). This research indicates that dance training can be considered a process that gives support and knowledge to dance creators when creating a new movement that incorporates distinctive characteristics with the creator's creativity, and maintaining the distinctive characteristics of every person's movement. The success of the training is dependent to an approach and model that best corresponds to the creator's Key words: Training Implementation, Nusantara Dance, Nationalism, Cultural Awareness

Methodological identification of anomalies episodes in ECG streams: a systematic mapping study

An electrocardiogram is a medical examination tool for measuring different patterns of heart blood flow circle either in the form of usual or non-invasive patterns. These patterns are useful for the identification of morbidity condition of the heart especially in certain conditions of heart abnormality and arrhythmia. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of them that happened due to sudden blockage of blood by the cause of malfunction of heart. In electrocardiography (ECG) intensity of MI is highlighted on the basis of unusual patterns of T wave changes. Various studies have contributed for MI through T wave’s classification, but more to the point of T wave has always attracted the ECG researchers. Methodology. This Study is primarily designed for proposing the combination of latest methods that are worked for the solutions of pre-defined research questions. Such solutions are designed in the form of the systematic review process (SLR) by following the Kitchen ham guidance. The literature survey is a two phase’s process, at first phase collect the articles that were published in IEEE Xplore, Scopus, science direct and Springer from 2008 to 2023. It consist of steps; the first level is executed by filtrating the articles on the basis of keyword phase of title and abstract filter. Similarly, at two level the manuscripts are scanned through filter of eligibility criteria of articles selection. The last level belongs to the quality assessment of articles, in such level articles are rectified through evaluation of domain experts. Results. Finally, the selected articles are addressed with research questions and briefly discuss these selected state-of-the-art methods that are worked for the T wave classification. These address units behave as solutions to research problems that are highlighted in the form of research questions. Conclusion and future directions. During the survey process for these solutions, we got some critical observations in the form of gaps that reflected the other directions for researchers. In which feature engineering, different dependencies of ECG features and dimensional reduction of ECG for the better ECG analysis are reflection of future directions.