Systematic Method Research Articles

Measurement insights and error analysis of electronic parameters for ultrasonic transducers

Abstract Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers with the function of energy conversation, as well as their numerous advantages in high-power density, quick response, flexible design, and service reliability, are involved in wide applications of industrial processing, precision driving, smart sensing, and medical services. The electromechanical equivalent circuit and Kirchhoff’s law indicate that mechatronics parameters are essential for performance evaluation, reliability analysis, and fault diagnosis of ultrasonic transducers. Importantly, the ultrasonic transducer is a time-variant system, data of one single parameter collected from a certain test cannot match with the data of another single parameter acquired from a different test. So, a synchronous and precise online measurement of electronic parameters is encouraged for performance evaluation and optimization design of ultrasonic transducers. With the combination of virtual instrument technology, an asynchronous measurement system of electrical excitation parameters for the ultrasonic transducers of linear driving motors was established in this study. Furthermore, the systematic measurement methods and error theory were illustrated, including the calculation methods and measuring circuits of electric signals. Experimental results proved that the proposed system and methods for measuring the input electronic power of ultrasonic transducer (e.g. effective value method for voltage and current, energy moment method for frequency, and spectrum analysis method for phase difference) are highly precise, quickly responsive, robust, and reliable for ultrasonic transducers. The findings of this study provide valuable references and suggestions for efficient, accurate, and online performance evaluation of ultrasonic transducers, particularly for piezoelectric transducers utilizing ultrasonic high-voltage exciting signals.

Culture and Tourism in Urban Spaces: Opportunities and Challenges (Kutaisi Case)

Cultural heritage and cultural environment determine the face of the country and give us special features that we got from our ancestors. It is the basis of our identity, a source of knowledge and experience, containing a lot of information which needs to be deciphered and passed on to future generations. Urban tourist destinations are distinguished not only by their cultural-historical heritage but also by the diversity of their cultural landscape. In this regard, Kutaisi has a unique opportunity to emerge as one of the tourism urban centres in Georgia and bring great benefits to the country.There-fore, our research aims to evaluate and study Kutaisi as a cultural-tourist urban centre through its nat-ural and cultural heritage monuments, considering future trends, opportunities and challenges. Based on the study of the mentioned issues, we tried to identify the city of Kutaisi as an authentic tourist destination and prove its competitiveness.To achieve the goal and objectives of the research, we were guided by qualitative research methods and an analysis of statistical information, literature, and publi-cations within the framework of desk research. We collected data and formulated a set of innovations.The conducted research theoretical and statistical materials allow us to analyze the development of the cultural destinations of Imereti to identify the existing tourist potential in the Kutaisi municipality using the systematic analysis method. By developing and implementing the right destination planning strategy, Kutaisi will be one of the leading cities in terms of tourist destinations, bringing us economic benefits in the long term.

Analysis of A Systematic Literature Review on Dyslexia in Children

This research aims to find the main themes and research categories on reading difficulties (Diselectia). For the data taken to fulfill the purpose of this study, the authors searched several relevant sources from Google Scholar and Scopus (SAGE et al. & Francis). Articles were determined using four combinations of keywords; reports were included in the data set, and the researcher applied a systematic literature review method. Pieces that will become research sources are limited to the last six years. The total number of articles reviewed was 921 from different sources, namely Springer, Elsevier, SAGE, Eric, and Taylor & Francis. Articles were re-selected according to indicators, and then 194 articles were obtained. The dominant research methodology of the articles reviewed is qualitative. The four main themes revealed from the qualitative content analysis are dyslexia, causes of dyslexia, cases of dyslexia, and solutions to overcome dyslexia. Articles are filtered from topic descriptions, eligibility criteria, and search strategies. The cause of dyslexia can be due to developmental errors during pregnancy or other factors such as physical defects or habits that the child has. The solution offered by the teacher is to use several methods and learning media that are appropriate to the child's condition.

Analysis of A Systematic Literature Review on Dyslexia in Children

This research aims to find the main themes and research categories on reading difficulties (Diselectia). For the data taken to fulfill the purpose of this study, the authors searched several relevant sources from Google Scholar and Scopus (SAGE et al. & Francis). Articles were determined using four combinations of keywords; reports were included in the data set, and the researcher applied a systematic literature review method. Pieces that will become research sources are limited to the last six years. The total number of articles reviewed was 921 from different sources, namely Springer, Elsevier, SAGE, Eric, and Taylor & Francis. Articles were re-selected according to indicators, and then 194 articles were obtained. The dominant research methodology of the articles reviewed is qualitative. The four main themes revealed from the qualitative content analysis are dyslexia, causes of dyslexia, cases of dyslexia, and solutions to overcome dyslexia. Articles are filtered from topic descriptions, eligibility criteria, and search strategies. The cause of dyslexia can be due to developmental errors during pregnancy or other factors such as physical defects or habits that the child has. The solution offered by the teacher is to use several methods and learning media that are appropriate to the child's condition.

Motivation in the Development of Listening and Speaking Skills in English Learners: A Review

Motivation is an indispensable factor in language learning, particularly in the development of students' listening and speaking skills. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the theoretical frameworks of motivational theories, types of motivation, and studies of the implication of motivation in teaching English on students' listening and speaking skills. Exploratory-descriptive research was implemented, using a qualitative approach, to carry out a theoretical review of scientific and academic sources. The systematic analysis method was applied to organize the results and draw conclusions, where the connection between motivation and language proficiency is explored, placing special emphasis on listening and speaking skills, essential for effective communication. Therefore, the importance of understanding intrinsic, extrinsic, instrumental and integrative factors of motivation is highlighted, as well as the interaction between personal and environmental influences. This provides relevant information to both language teachers and learners about the processes underlying the development of language skills. Nevertheless, educators must understand motivation as it affects language learners’ performance and success, as each form of motivation uniquely contributes to shaping attitudes and persistence in language learning.

Impacts, Challenges, And Opportunities Of Rohingya Immigrants For Aceh's Regional Economy And Indonesia's National Security

The fundamental problem of Rohingya immigrants coming to Indonesia in large numbers has been a hotly debated issue in recent years. Rohingya immigrants are a group of ethnic minorities from Rakhine state, Myanmar. They have experienced discriminatory treatment that has caused them to flee Myanmar and seek safety in other countries, including Indonesia. The arrival of immigrants to Indonesia has the potential to impact the regional economy of Indonesia's national security. The regional economy is an economic activity carried out by economic actors (households, companies, and government) in a region to meet the needs of its people. Meanwhile, national security is an effort and strategy undertaken by the state to protect the integrity, sovereignty and sustainability of life and aims to ensure the safety and security of the state. In resolving national security through diplomacy between countries. For Indonesia, this is very important to achieve national development and ensure the safety and welfare of the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the arrival of Rohingya immigrants on Indonesia's national security, the impact can be in the form of threats or opportunities, in this case government policies to deal with the problem. This research uses a systematic literature review method with national and international approaches. This is to draw conclusions from several previous studies related to Rohingya immigrants: Threat or opportunity for Indonesia's national security. It is hoped that this research can provide a reference to the government in determining policies related to Rohingya immigrants for Indonesia's national security.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Engineering Project Management and Engineering Product Development: A Review

This study explores the two distinct parts of engineering management: engineering product management and engineering project management. A qualitative systematic review method was employed, using purposively sampled literature and a desk-based research approach. Using thematic analysis, the researchers produced significant data findings. The findings suggest that Engineering Project Management and Engineering Product Development play a vital role in achieving success in engineering projects. While they possess distinct principles, practices, and concepts, they share important management techniques in the business realm. The findings also indicate significant disparities in methods, utility and resource allocation, and quality assurance while highlighting the absence of administrative functions in Engineering Product Development compared to Engineering Project Management. Furthermore, the study notes that greater creativity and efficiency in both management practices are enabled by current technology and methodology. The study's limitations include an extensive use of literature review data and a focus on a broad target area. Consequently, this suggests a need for empirical data to enhance experience-based research and focus on a specific industry for more precise outcomes.

Proof of concept: real-time viability and metabolic profiling of probiotics with isothermal microcalorimetry.

Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a potent analytical method for the real-time assessment of microbial metabolic activity, which serves as an indicator of microbial viability. This approach is highly relevant to the fields of probiotics and Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), offering insights into microbial viability and growth kinetics. One important characteristic of IMC is its ability to measure microbial metabolic activity separately from cellular enumeration. This is particularly useful in situations where continuous tracking of bacterial activity is challenging. The focus on metabolic activity significantly benefits both probiotic research and industrial microbiology applications. IMC's versatility in handling different media matrices allows for the implementation of viability assessments under conditions that mirror those found in various industrial environments or biological models. In our study, we provide a proof of concept for the application of IMC in determining viability and growth dynamics and their correlation with bacterial count in probiotic organisms. Our findings reinforce the potential of IMC as a key method for process enhancement and accurate strain characterization within the probiotic sector. This supports the broader objective of refining the systematic approach and methods used during the development process, thereby providing detailed insights into probiotics and LBPs.

Rope–sheave contact transient analysis in hoisting operations with a bristle model and an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a computational model for the rope–sheave contact interaction in reeving systems when the ropes are modeled with an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach. This discretization approach has been developed in previous publications as a general and systematic method for the modeling and simulation of reeving systems. However, the rope–sheave contact model was avoided assuming the no-slip contact condition. The contact model developed in this paper introduces specialized ALE-ANCF-cubic rope contact elements that are used to discretize the rope segment winded at the sheave. The contact is modeled using a set of virtual discrete bristles attached to material points in the mid-line of the rope in one end and in contact with the sheave in the other end. Therefore, a second Lagrangian mesh, apart of the ALE mesh used to discretize the rope, is used to define the fixed ends of the bristles. The kinematics and dynamics used to calculate the normal and tangential contact forces are described in detail. The contact model is 3D and can be used to analyze the contact with a sheave groove with arbitrary shape. The tangential contact force model can be used to describe stick and slip contact conditions and, to improve the simulation performance of the model, an LuGre regularization tangential contact force model is used. The rope-sheave contact model is used to analyze the behavior of a simple elevator system. The numerical results show that the static rope-sheave contact interaction agrees well with an analytical solution of the problem. Finally, the same elevator system is analyzed dynamically for a cabin ride of 8 meters with a steady velocity of 1 m/s. Results show that the normal and tangential contact forces during the steady velocity period are not so different from the static solution, but very different from the classical Creep Theory and Firbank’s Theory.

Sequential good lattice point sets for computer experiments

Sequential Latin hypercube designs have recently received great attention for computer experiments. Much of the work has been restricted to invariant spaces. The related systematic construction methods are inflexible while algorithmic methods are ineffective for large designs. For such designs in space contraction, systematic construction methods have not been investigated yet. This paper proposes a new method for constructing sequential Latin hypercube designs via good lattice point sets in a variety of experimental spaces. These designs are called sequential good lattice point sets. Moreover, we provide fast and efficient approaches for identifying the (nearly) optimal sequential good lattice point sets under a given criterion. Combining with the linear level permutation technique, we obtain a class of asymptotically optimal sequential Latin hypercube designs in invariant spaces where the $L_1$-distance in each stage is either optimal or asymptotically optimal. Numerical results demonstrate that the sequential good lattice point set has a better space-filling property than the existing sequential Latin hypercube designs in the invariant space. It is also shown that the sequential good lattice point sets have less computational complexity and more adaptability.

Efficient context-aware computing: a systematic model for dynamic working memory updates in context-aware computing.

The expanding computer landscape leads us toward ubiquitous computing, in which smart gadgets seamlessly provide intelligent services anytime, anywhere. Smartphones and other smart devices with multiple sensors are at the vanguard of this paradigm, enabling context-aware computing. Similar setups are also known as smart spaces. Context-aware systems, primarily deployed on mobile and other resource-constrained wearable devices, use a variety of implementation approaches. Rule-based reasoning, noted for its simplicity, is based on a collection of assertions in working memory and a set of rules that regulate decision-making. However, controlling working memory capacity efficiently is a key challenge, particularly in the context of resource-constrained systems. The paper's main focus lies in addressing the dynamic working memory challenge in memory-constrained devices by introducing a systematic method for content removal. The initiative intends to improve the creation of intelligent systems for resource-constrained devices, optimize memory utilization, and enhance context-aware computing.

Highly active air electrode catalysts for Zn‐air batteries: Catalytic mechanism and active center from obfuscation to clearness

AbstractCarbon‐based materials have been found to accelerate the sluggish kinetic reaction and are largely subject to the overall Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) property, while their full catalytic mechanism is still not excavated because of the indistinct internal structure and immature in‐situ technology. Up to now, systematic methods have been utilized to study and design promising high‐performance carbon‐based catalysts. To resolve the real active units and catalytic mechanism, developing molecular catalyst is a significant strategy. Herein, the review will initiate to briefly introduce the working principle and composition of ZABs. An important statement is correspondingly provided about the typical structure and catalytic mechanisms for the air cathode material. It also presents the tremendous endeavors on the catalytic performance and stability of carbon‐based material. Furthermore, combined with theoretical calculation, the self‐defined active sites are analyzed to understand the catalytic character, where the molecular catalyst is subsequently summarized and discussed through highlighting the unambiguous and controllable structure, in the hope of surfacing the optimum catalyst. Building on the fundamental understanding of carbon‐based and molecular catalysts, this review is expected to provide guidance and direction toward designing future mechanistic studies and ORR electrocatalysts.

What are medical students taught about persistent physical symptoms? A scoping review of the literature

BackgroundPersistent Physical Symptoms (PPS) include symptoms such as chronic pain, and syndromes such as chronic fatigue. They are common, but are often inadequately managed, causing distress and higher costs for health care systems. A lack of teaching about PPS has been recognised as a contributing factor to poor management.MethodsThe authors conducted a scoping review of the literature, including all studies published before 31 March 2023. Systematic methods were used to determine what teaching on PPS was taking place for medical undergraduates. Studies were restricted to publications in English and needed to include undergraduate medical students. Teaching about cancer pain was excluded. After descriptive data was extracted, a narrative synthesis was undertaken to analyse qualitative findings.ResultsA total of 1116 studies were found, after exclusion, from 3 databases. A further 28 studies were found by searching the grey literature and by citation analysis. After screening for relevance, a total of 57 studies were included in the review. The most commonly taught condition was chronic non-cancer pain, but overall, there was a widespread lack of teaching and learning on PPS. Several factors contributed to this lack including: educators and learners viewing the topic as awkward, learners feeling that there was no science behind the symptoms, and the topic being overlooked in the taught curriculum. The gap between the taught curriculum and learners’ experiences in practice was addressed through informal sources and this risked stigmatising attitudes towards sufferers of PPS.ConclusionFaculties need to find ways to integrate more teaching on PPS and address the barriers outlined above. Teaching on chronic non-cancer pain, which is built on a science of symptoms, can be used as an exemplar for teaching on PPS more widely. Any future teaching interventions should be robustly evaluated to ensure improvements for learners and patients.

Theoretical foundations of developing school management skills of future teachers: Global trends and analysis of training in the education system of Kazakhstan

Relevance. The relevance of this study is due to the rapid changes in the educational environment caused by the development of information technologies and the increasing socio-cultural diversity of school communities. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the best methods of developing school management skills of future teachers in the face of contemporary challenges and changes. Methodology. The study employed systematic approach and methods of analysis, comparison, synthesis, deduction, induction, and classification. Results. A comprehensive review of the education system in Kazakhstan was undertaken, including the changes brought to the system within the framework of the renewed content of education. The analysis of the statistics of students enrolled in pedagogical specialities revealed a steady interest in pedagogical sciences, as the number of enrolments for the decade increased by 45%. The dynamics of the number of general-education schoolteachers revealed in the study also suggested that the demand for representatives of this profession is steadily growing. As a result of investigating the practices of training future teachers for school management in educational leader countries, the unique characteristics of each training system were revealed. Conclusions. Based on the findings of this study, concrete teaching methods and techniques were presented to develop effective communication and cooperation skills in different educational and social contexts to effectively prepare future teachers for school management. Furthermore, it was substantiated that the specificity of school management training consists in mastering modern educational technologies, analysing data, and applying effective assessment strategies, which ensures readiness for prompt response to changes in the educational system and introduction of innovations in pedagogical practice. Keywords: professional competences; leadership; pedagogical training; modernisation of training; international practices

Theoretical foundations of developing school management skills of future teachers: Global trends and analysis of training in the education system of Kazakhstan

Relevance. The relevance of this study is due to the rapid changes in the educational environment caused by the development of information technologies and the increasing socio-cultural diversity of school communities. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the best methods of developing school management skills of future teachers in the face of contemporary challenges and changes. Methodology. The study employed systematic approach and methods of analysis, comparison, synthesis, deduction, induction, and classification. Results. A comprehensive review of the education system in Kazakhstan was undertaken, including the changes brought to the system within the framework of the renewed content of education. The analysis of the statistics of students enrolled in pedagogical specialities revealed a steady interest in pedagogical sciences, as the number of enrolments for the decade increased by 45%. The dynamics of the number of general-education schoolteachers revealed in the study also suggested that the demand for representatives of this profession is steadily growing. As a result of investigating the practices of training future teachers for school management in educational leader countries, the unique characteristics of each training system were revealed. Conclusions. Based on the findings of this study, concrete teaching methods and techniques were presented to develop effective communication and cooperation skills in different educational and social contexts to effectively prepare future teachers for school management. Furthermore, it was substantiated that the specificity of school management training consists in mastering modern educational technologies, analysing data, and applying effective assessment strategies, which ensures readiness for prompt response to changes in the educational system and introduction of innovations in pedagogical practice. Keywords: professional competences; leadership; pedagogical training; modernisation of training; international practices

Verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification for electron-density diagnostics of polarimeter/interferometer system on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak

The verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (VVUQ) analysis is a systematic method for identifying and quantifying uncertainties in complex engineering projects. This method has been used by the International Atomic Energy Agency as a critical assessment method in the field of high-precision plasma diagnostics in tokamaks. Starting from the basic theory to the final results, it assesses every process to obtain the uncertainties, system confidence level, and similarity between the model and experimental assessments. In this study, we evaluated the electron-density diagnosis of the polarimeter/interferometer system on an experimental advanced superconducting tokamak using a cylindrical simulation model. This study applied the VVUQ to an entire plasma diagnostic system for the first time, coupled with the statistical concepts of confidence and similarity. Through the VVUQ process, the uncertainty from the simulation code, diagnostic code, and engineering errors were identified, quantified, and minimized.

Global quark spin correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions

The observation of the vector meson’s global spin alignment by the STAR Collaboration reveals that strong spin correlations may exist for quarks and antiquarks in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the normal direction of the reaction plane. We propose a systematic method to describe such correlations in the quark matter. We classify them as local and long range quark spin correlations in the system. We show in particular that the effective quark spin correlations contain the genuine spin correlations originated directly from the dynamical process as well as those induced by averaging over other degrees of freedom. We also show that such correlations can be studied by measuring the vector meson’s spin density matrix and hyperon-hyperon and hyperon-anti-hyperon spin correlations. We present the relationships between these measurable quantities and spin correlations of quarks and antiquarks. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

LEXICAL DESYNONYMY IN B. VIAN’S NOVEL “FROTH ON THE DAYDREAM”

The article is dedicated to the studies of lexical desynonyms that are formed and transformed in the space of the operating time of the mental kineticism by means of cognitive polyoperations (psychomechanisms) during the first formal seizure by the thought of its movement in two stages: 1) phenomenological construction of the being and its structures and categories by the addresser as a result of which is formed the lexical primary structure having as basis “sublinguistic schemes”, typical models used to construct different simple and complex linguistic signs; 2) creation of simple secondary desynonymic linguistic signs from which the speaker chooses the co(n)textually (linguistically and/or situationally) pertinent structure. They are actualized in the form of ludic preferential options, according to the communicative intention to facilitate or to complicate the interpretation of the information to the receiver or to the author’s idiostyle, which are characterized by the asymmetry of semasiological and denotative meanings in the language and in the discourse at intrasign and intersigns levels. The goal of the article is to identify the processes of the formation and actualization of asymmetrical desynonymic signs, to identify the types of lexical desynonyms in B. Vian novel “Froth on the Daydream” and to justify their co(n)textual pertinence depending on the communicative intention and the idiostylistic features of the writer. In this research, we use the transformational method, which makes possible the identification of structural and semantic peculiarities of primary and secondary desynonymic constructions as asymmetrical signs in language and discourse, the method of systematization which helps to establish the typology of lexical desynonyms in the novel “Froth on the Daydream” by B. Vian and the linguo-stylistic and interpretative analyzes in order to reveal and characterize the idiostylistic features of the author and to justify the co(n)textual pertinence of the distinguished lexical desynonyms. In the process of analysis of the novel “Froth on the Daydream” by B. Vian, they revealed reduced, extended and quantitatively equacomponential desynonyms phonologically resembling or phonically identical to the primary structure, the derivative desynonyms, the preferential options with the surimpression and with a new semantic co(n)textual meaning in order to precise the author’s idea, to accentuate a qualifier of an object or a character, to transmit the supplementary information on аn exteriorized referent to the reader. All the distinguished types of lexical desynonyms perform the intra- and interphrasal stylistic‑expressive function reflecting the author’s individual vision of the objective reality. It is concluded that desynonymic lexical units represent biunambiguous emphatically accentuated linguo-discursive signs constructed and transformed in the space of the operating time of the causation of the linguo-discursive act which are not stabilized in use being substitutable in a particular co(n)text serving to enrich the intra- and interphrasal content by means of complementary co(n)textual semantic nuances facilitating or complicating the identification of desynonymized referents to the receiver.

Musical Culture of the Kyrgyz People

The musical culture of the Kyrgyz people is a valuable heritage that reflects its traditions, history, and spiritual values. This study is relevant because in the modern pedagogical process the emphasis on the integration of national cultural features, including music, is becoming increasingly important. It promotes multicultural education and the development of students’ national identity. The purpose of this study was to develop ways to integrate the musical culture of the Kyrgyz people into modern pedagogical education and recommendations for their optimisation. The following methods were used in the study: analytical, specifically, historical analysis; comparative; method of synthesis; as well as methods of generalisation and systematisation. The most revealing was the historical analysis, through which the historical context of the development of Kyrgyz musical culture and its influence on education in different periods of history was studied. The results of the study suggested that the inclusion of elements of musical culture of the Kyrgyz people in the pedagogical process can serve as an effective tool for the development of students’ cultural self-awareness, as well as the development of their emotional and social competence. However, to achieve the best results, clearly formulated methods are needed that consider the specifics of Kyrgyz musical culture and the features of the modern pedagogical process. Among such techniques, the following were identified: cultural immersion, integrated lessons, project-oriented method, organisation of creative working groups, case method, creation of interactive music laboratories, differentiated approach, and application of the method of critical analysis in lessons. The findings of this study can be useful for teachers, students at pedagogical universities, researchers in the field of pedagogy and ethnomusicology, as well as educational authorities.

A reference-point-method-based online proton treatment plan re-optimization strategy and a novel solution to planning constraint infeasibility problem

Objective. Propose a highly automated treatment plan re-optimization strategy suitable for online adaptive proton therapy. The strategy includes a rapid re-optimization method that generates quality replans and a novel solution that efficiently addresses the planning constraint infeasibility issue that can significantly prolong the re-optimization process. Approach. We propose a systematic reference point method (RPM) model that minimizes the l-infinity norm from the initial treatment plan in the daily objective space for online re-optimization. This model minimizes the largest objective value deviation among the objectives of the daily replan from their reference values, leading to a daily replan similar to the initial plan. Whether a set of planning constraints is feasible with respect to the daily anatomy cannot be known before solving the corresponding optimization problem. The conventional trial-and-error-based relaxation process can cost a significant amount of time. To that end, we propose an optimization problem that first estimates the magnitude of daily violation of each planning constraint. Guided by the violation magnitude and clinical importance of the constraints, the constraints are then iteratively converted into objectives based on their priority until the infeasibility issue is solved. Main results. The proposed RPM-based strategy generated replans similar to the offline manual replans within the online time requirement for six head and neck and four breast patients. The average target D 95 and relevant organ at risk sparing parameter differences between the RPM replans and clinical offline replans were −0.23, −1.62 Gy for head and neck cases and 0.29, −0.39 Gy for breast cases. The proposed constraint relaxation solution made the RPM problem feasible after one round of relaxation for all four patients who encountered the infeasibility issue. Significance. We proposed a novel RPM-based re-optimization strategy and demonstrated its effectiveness on complex cases, regardless of whether constraint infeasibility is encountered.