Systematic Mapping Research Articles

Sound symbolism in Japanese names: Machine learning approaches to gender classification.

This study investigates the sound symbolic expressions of gender in Japanese names with machine learning algorithms. The main goal of this study is to explore how gender is expressed in the phonemes that make up Japanese names and whether systematic sound-meaning mappings, observed in Indo-European languages, extend to Japanese. In addition to this, this study compares the performance of machine learning algorithms. Random Forest and XGBoost algorithms are trained using the sounds of names and the typical gender of the referents as the dependent variable. Each algorithm is cross-validated using k-fold cross-validation (28 folds) and tested on samples not included in the training cycle. Both algorithms are shown to be reasonably accurate at classifying names into gender categories; however, the XGBoost model performs significantly better than the Random Forest algorithm. Feature importance scores reveal that certain sounds carry gender information. Namely, the voiced bilabial nasal /m/ and voiceless velar consonant /k/ were associated with femininity, and the high front vowel /i/ were associated with masculinity. The association observed for /i/ and /k/ stand contrary to typical patterns found in other languages, suggesting that Japanese is unique in the sound symbolic expression of gender. This study highlights the importance of considering cultural and linguistic nuances in sound symbolism research and underscores the advantage of XGBoost in capturing complex relationships within the data for improved classification accuracy. These findings contribute to the understanding of sound symbolism and gender associations in language.

Nurses' Knowledge Of Patient Safety Incidents: Literature Review

Knowledge is a convention in forming an action in a nurse which greatly influences the performance of the nurse herself in implementing and carrying out actions for patient safety in the hospital. One of the ways in which the implementation of patient safety is to ensure that incidents that threaten patient safety do not occur or that there is the potential to result in injury to patients that should not occur. The aim of this literature review is to understand and describe the situation regarding nurses' knowledge of patient safety incidents. The review of this paper is the result of a literature study in the form of analysis using the systematic mapping study method through searches from Google Scholar which determined 6 national journals. The results of the study show that good nurse knowledge will influence the performance of nursing care which has an impact on patient safety incidents. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that there is a correlation between nurses' knowledge of patient safety incidents and commitment which is very necessary in efforts to build patient safety. Suggestion: it is hoped that we will not only research the relationship between knowledge and patient safety incidents but also nurses' compliance in implementing patient safety.

Health-related quality of life measures provide information on the contributors, components, and consequences of frailty in HIV: a systematic mapping review.

Frailty in HIV is extensively explored in epidemiological and clinical studies; it is infrequently assessed as an outcome in routine care. The focus on health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures in HIV presents a unique opportunity to understand frailty at a larger scale. The objective was to identify the extent to which generic and HIV-related HRQL measures capture information relevant to frailty. A systematic mapping review using directed and summative content analyseswas conducted. An online search in PubMed/Medline identified publications on frailty indices and generic and HIV-related HRQL measures. Directed content analysis involved identifying contributors, components, and consequences of frailty from thefrailty indices based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. Summative content analysis summarized the resultsnumerically. Electronic and hand search identified 447 review publications for frailty indices; nine reviews that included a total of 135 unique frailty indices. The search for generic and HIV-related HRQL measures identified 2008 records; five reviews that identified 35 HRQL measures (HIV-specific: 17; generic: 18). Of the 135 frailty indices, 88 cover more than one frailty dimension and 47 cover only physical frailty. Contributors to frailty, like sensory symptoms and nutrition, are extensively covered. Components of frailty such as physical capacity, cognitive ability, and mood are also extensively covered. Consequences of frailty namely self-rated health, falls, hospitalization, and health services utilization are incomprehensively covered. HRQL measures are informative for contributing factors, components of frailty, and a consequence of frailty. HRQL items and measures show a strong potential to operationalize multidimensional frailty and physical frailty. The study suggests that these measures, connected to evidence-based interventions, could be pivotal in directing resources toward vulnerable populations to mitigate the onset of frailty.

EDNA for monitoring and conserving terrestrial arthropods: Insights from a systematic map and barcode repositories assessments

Abstract In the past decade, environmental DNA (eDNA) assays have become an essential tool to investigate species presence with samples from the environment instead of collected specimens. eDNA sampling techniques have proved their worth in freshwater and marine studies; now, some trends emerge for their use in terrestrial habitats and particularly to study arthropods. After a systematic review of the literature, we illustrate and analyse the diversity of such studies and discuss their benefits and drawbacks. We identified the most relevant research themes and focused on (i) the taxa and environmental sample types targeted and (ii) the details of the survey scheme. In parallel, we also assessed the available number of sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S and 18S barcode regions for four major taxa (spiders, centipedes, springtails and insects) in relation to their diversity. We found strong taxonomic and geographic biases regarding coverage per barcode. eDNA research on terrestrial arthropods mainly focuses on insect species that affect humanity in a positive or negative way, and the availability of sequences is much higher for species from temperate‐developed countries than from tropical ones. Moreover, although a high variety of environmental samples are being used, most studies do not assess the barcode completeness of the target taxa nor compare the efficacy of eDNA monitoring technique to other well established and known traditional techniques. Careful workflow designs and comparisons are needed before giving any management or conservation advice as eDNA monitoring does not come without error. Strengths and weaknesses of eDNA assays for conservation are discussed.

Bridging, Mapping, and Addressing Research Gaps in Health Sciences: The Naqvi-Gabr Research Gap Framework.

Innovations pertaining to the ever-evolving needs of the medical and healthcare sciences remain constant. This creates a gap between the rationalized needs of the study and the proposed research question. However, classifying, identifying, and addressing these research gaps require a systematic and precise structured map. Using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms "Research Gaps" AND "Healthcare" AND "Framework" in MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases with the filters yielded no relevant literature. Therefore, this review aims to fill this practical and clinical knowledge gap by developing the Naqvi-Gabr Research Gap Framework through critical synthesis based on extensive research on medical and healthcare research gaps. Fourteen research gaps are distributed for allocation as per the healthcare delivery system approach: developing new treatments or prevention strategies, improving diagnostic tools and techniques, addressing health disparities, and improving access to healthcare services. This structured framework determines the strategic mapping of research gaps corresponding to the nature of the research. The identification and classification of the appropriate research gap led to precise and concise conclusions corresponding to the research process proposed in this study. Hence, the Naqvi-Gabr Research Gap Framework is a valuable tool for determining the potential application of gaps by researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders with a productive address.

Decision-making processes in perceptual learning depend on effectors

Visual perceptual learning is traditionally thought to arise in visual cortex. However, typical perceptual learning tasks also involve systematic mapping of visual information onto motor actions. Because the motor system contains both effector-specific and effector-unspecific representations, the question arises whether visual perceptual learning is effector-specific itself, or not. Here, we study this question in an orientation discrimination task. Subjects learn to indicate their choices either with joystick movements or with manual reaches. After training, we challenge them to perform the same task with eye movements. We dissect the decision-making process using the drift diffusion model. We find that learning effects on the rate of evidence accumulation depend on effectors, albeit not fully. This suggests that during perceptual learning, visual information is mapped onto effector-specific integrators. Overlap of the populations of neurons encoding motor plans for these effectors may explain partial generalization. Taken together, visual perceptual learning is not limited to visual cortex, but also affects sensorimotor mapping at the interface of visual processing and decision making.

Oxidative cyclization reagents reveal tryptophan cation-π interactions.

Methods for selective covalent modification of amino acids on proteins can enable a diverse array of applications, spanning probes and modulators of protein function to proteomics1-3. Owing to their high nucleophilicity, cysteine and lysine residues are the most common points of attachment for protein bioconjugation chemistry through acid-base reactivity3,4. Here we report a redox-based strategy for bioconjugation of tryptophan, the rarest amino acid, using oxaziridine reagents that mimic oxidative cyclization reactions in indole-based alkaloid biosynthetic pathways to achieve highly efficient and specific tryptophan labelling. We establish the broad use of this method, termed tryptophan chemical ligation by cyclization (Trp-CLiC), for selectively appending payloads to tryptophan residues on peptides and proteins with reaction rates that rival traditional click reactions and enabling global profiling of hyper-reactive tryptophan sites across whole proteomes. Notably, these reagents reveal a systematic map of tryptophan residues thatparticipate in cation-π interactions, including functional sites that can regulate protein-mediated phase-separation processes.

It Implements in Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (Mice) Industry: A Systematic Mapping Study

The In this study, we delved into the intersection of digital technology and the MICE sector through a systematic analysis of research literature. Using AI-driven research databases such as Scopus, Emerald, and Consensus, we meticulously curated a corpus of articles to investigate trends and insights. We found that the industry exhibited resilience and adaptability, evident in crisis management strategies and sustainability initiatives. Our curated selection of recommended articles offers actionable insights for practitioners and academics, spanning topics from crisis management to sustainability integration. Moreover, comparative studies across different geographic regions and cultural contexts could shed light on variations in digital adoption and best practices, facilitating cross-cultural learning and knowledge exchange. Finally, interdisciplinary collaborations between researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers could foster innovative solutions and drive sustainable growth in the industry.

Managing Knowledge for Pharma and Biotech Innovation

Knowledge Management (KM) involves a deliberate and systematic organization of people, processes, structure, and technology with the main objective of creating value for innovation from the reuse of data and information. Although there are several models for KM in various types of organizations, there is nothing concrete to integrate the knowledge generated in collaborative University-Industry projects. This work aimed to gather elements for the creation of a sustainable model of effective articulation in this scenario. It is a strategic action that can bring benefits of intellectual, economic, and social impact. This research used different instruments: systematic mapping, questionnaires, and experience reports. The mapping highlighted the need to consider the following aspects for the development of KM models: collaborative/competitive arrangements, tacit/explicit knowledge managers and change screening. The questionnaire and report demonstrated that the challenges go beyond aspects such as data organization. They must prioritize the social aspect of knowledge sharing, using safe coordination to prevent misconduct.

Gamification of Citizen Participation: A Systematic Mapping

The growth and diversification of public debate made it possible for civil society to become more participatory in decision-making processes. In other words, it enabled citizen participation, which is the interaction between civil society and public authorities to solve problems. Furthermore, with the development of Information and Computer Technologies (ICTs), citizen participation has expanded into the digital realm, giving way to electronic participation or e-participation. However, in this context, citizen engagement still is a challenge. As a result, different researches have been carried out to identify strategies that can increase engagement so that electronic participation is effective. One of these fields aims to improve users' experience and the usability of electronic participation tools by using gamification to enliven participatory activities. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a systematic mapping study of the literature as a way of better understanding the impact caused by gamification on citizen participation. Thus, 75 papers were selected and classified, allowing the identification of research methods, application contexts, forms of participation, and game elements used. This mapping enabled the following discoveries: design and prototyping is the most carried out research method for studying gamification in citizen participation, and civic engagement was the most analyzed context. Furthermore, the development of tools mainly focused on asking the population their opinions on policy issues to create a partnership between government and civil society.

Tyr352 as a Predominant Phosphosite in the Understudied Kinase and Molecular Target, HIPK1: Implications for Cancer Therapy.

Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) is majorly found in the nucleoplasm. HIPK1 is associated with cell proliferation, tumor necrosis factor-mediated cellular apoptosis, transcription regulation, and DNA damage response, and thought to play significant roles in health and common diseases such as cancer. Despite this, HIPK1 remains an understudied molecular target. In the present study, based on a systematic screening and mapping approach, we assembled 424 qualitative and 44 quantitative phosphoproteome datasets with 15 phosphosites in HIPK1 reported across multiple studies. These HIPK1 phosphosites were not currently attributed to any functions. Among them, Tyr352 within the kinase domain was identified as the predominant phosphosite modulated in 22 differential datasets. To analyze the functional association of HIPK1 Tyr352, we first employed a stringent criterion to derive its positively and negatively correlated protein phosphosites. Subsequently, we categorized the correlated phosphosites in known interactors, known/predicted kinases, and substrates of HIPK1, for their prioritized validation. Bioinformatics analysis identified their significant association with biological processes such as the regulation of RNA splicing, DNA-templated transcription, and cellular metabolic processes. HIPK1 Tyr352 was also identified to be upregulated in Her2+ cell lines and a subset of pancreatic and cholangiocarcinoma tissues. These data and the systems biology approach undertaken in the present study serve as a platform to explore the functional role of other phosphosites in HIPK1, and by extension, inform cancer drug discovery and oncotherapy innovation. In all, this study highlights the comprehensive phosphosite map of HIPK1 kinase and the first of its kind phosphosite-centric analysis of HIPK1 kinase based on global-level phosphoproteomics datasets derived from human cellular differential experiments across distinct experimental conditions.

A systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis of the behavioural impacts of pesticide exposure on zebrafish

Pesticides are indispensable in agriculture and have become ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Pesticides in natural environments can cause many negative impacts on aquatic species, ranging from mortality to sub-lethal physiological and behavioural changes. The complex sub-lethal impacts of pesticides are routinely tested on model species, with zebrafish (Danio rerio) being regularly used as a behavioural model. Although behavioural ecotoxicology research using zebrafish is increasing rapidly, we lack quantitative evidence to support which pesticides have been tested and how study designs are carried out. This shortcoming not only limits the deliberate planning for future primary studies to fill the knowledge gaps but also hinders evidence synthesis. To provide quantitative evidence of what pesticides are currently studied and what study designs are used, we combined a systematic evidence map approach and bibliometric analysis. This novel method has been coined research weaving and allows us to elicit gaps and clusters in our evidence base, whilst showing connections between authors and institutions. The methodology can be summarised in five primary steps: literature searching, screening, extraction, data analysis and bibliometric analysis. We identified four areas where research on the sub-lethal effects of pesticide exposure on zebrafish is lacking. First, some widely used pesticides, such as neonicotinoids, are understudied. Second, most studies do not report important elements of the study design, namely the sex and the life-stage of the zebrafish. Third, some behaviours, such as impacts of pesticide exposure on zebrafish cognition, are underexplored. And last, we revealed through the bibliometric analysis that most of the research is conducted in developed countries and there is limited cross country co-authorships. Upon identifying these gaps, we offer solutions for each limitation, emphasizing the importance of diverse global research output and cross-country co-authorships. Our systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis provide valuable insights for helping to guide future research, which can be used to help support evidence-based policy decisions.

Variability Management in Self-Adaptive Systems through Deep Learning: A Dynamic Software Product Line Approach

Self-adaptive systems can autonomously adjust their behavior in response to environmental changes. Nowadays, not only can these systems be engineered individually, but they can also be conceived as members of a family based on the approach of dynamic software product lines. Through systematic mapping, we build on the identified gaps in the variability management of self-adaptive systems; we propose a framework that improves the adaptive capability of self-adaptive systems through feature model generation, variation point generation, the selection of a variation point, and runtime variability management using deep learning and the monitor–analysis–plan–execute–knowledge (MAPE-K) control loop. We compute the permutation of domain features and obtain all the possible variation points that a feature model can possess. After identifying variation points, we obtain an adaptation rule for each variation point of the corresponding product line through a two-stage training of an artificial neural network. To evaluate our proposal, we developed a test case in the context of an air quality-based activity recommender system, in which we generated 11 features and 32 possible variations. The results obtained with the proof of concept show that it is possible to manage identifying new variation points at runtime using deep learning. Future research will employ generating and building variation points using artificial intelligence techniques.

What are the critical factors which support or inhibit the effective implementation of the one health approach in Africa? A systematic map protocol.

Abstract The One Health approach recognizes that the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health, emphasizing collaboration sectors, disciplines and communities to address threats and foster overall well-being. Particularly relevant in Africa due to its diverse climates, weak health systems and the interactions between humans and wildlife, the approach aims to ensure sustainable and better health outcomes. Over the past decade, the One Health approach has been operationalized at different levels and regions of Africa. However, what is currently missing is an overview of factors facilitating or inhibiting operationalization as well as the existing evidence base including which areas have been researched, in which countries, for which specific factors or levels, and where major gaps in knowledge remain. To bridge this gap, a systematic mapping will be conducted by compiling existing evidence of One Health operationalization in Africa. We will conduct a comprehensive search of literature from bibliographic databases, organizational websites and Google Scholar. At the title and abstract stage, articles will be screened for eligibility against an a priori set criteria. We will screen one or more subset of relevant records and use them as an input for a natural language processing model. Once we have verified and validated model accuracy, the model will be used to classify the remaining abstracts. Full-text screening will be conducted independently by two team members. We will produce a narrative synthesis of the results describing the evidence base within the systematic map. Thematic analysis will identify the critical factors inhibiting or supporting the implementation of the One Health approach in Africa. We will use multiple visualizations to explore relationships within and between studies, highlighting areas requiring further research. Lastly, this systematic map aims to provide an evidence base to guide future interventions to further implement the One Health approach in Africa.

Investigating the readability of test code

ContextThe readability of source code is key for understanding and maintaining software systems and tests. Although several studies investigate the readability of source code, there is limited research specifically on the readability of test code and related influence factors.ObjectiveIn this paper, we aim at investigating the factors that influence the readability of test code from an academic perspective based on scientific literature sources and complemented by practical views, as discussed in grey literature.MethodsFirst, we perform a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) with a focus on scientific literature. Second, we extend this study by reviewing grey literature sources for practical aspects on test code readability and understandability. Finally, we conduct a controlled experiment on the readability of a selected set of test cases to collect additional knowledge on influence factors discussed in practice.ResultsThe result set of the SMS includes 19 primary studies from the scientific literature for further analysis. The grey literature search reveals 62 sources for information on test code readability. Based on an analysis of these sources, we identified a combined set of 14 factors that influence the readability of test code. 7 of these factors were found in scientific and grey literature, while some factors were mainly discussed in academia (2) or industry (5) with only limited overlap. The controlled experiment on practically relevant influence factors showed that the investigated factors have a significant impact on readability for half of the selected test cases.ConclusionOur review of scientific and grey literature showed that test code readability is of interest for academia and industry with a consensus on key influence factors. However, we also found factors only discussed by practitioners. For some of these factors we were able to confirm an impact on readability in a first experiment. Therefore, we see the need to bring together academic and industry viewpoints to achieve a common view on the readability of software test code.

Cartographic Metadata for Improving Accessibility and Facilitating Knowledge Extraction and Validation in Planetary Mapping Based on Remote-Sensing Observations

The field of planetary mapping and cartography builds almost exclusively on remote-sensing data and can be defined by three distinct concepts: systematic imaging as performed through spacecraft surveying, reference mapping as performed through the compilation of reference maps, i.e., regional to global image and topographic maps, and thematic mapping, which aims at abstracting and contextualizing spatial information to generate complex thematic maps, such as geologic or geomorphologic maps. While thematic mapping represents the highest form of abstraction of information that is provided through systematic mapping, thematic mapping also provides scientific reasoning in support of systematic mapping and exploration through spatially contextualized knowledge. For the development of knowledge, it is paramount to manage and exploit the value of thematic maps as research products, and to design a reliable and transparent development process from the beginning of the mapping phase as there is almost no validation for thematic maps. A key element in accomplishing these objectives is well-designed structures and metadata which are maintained within spatial data infrastructures (SDI) and shared as a coordinated process in research data management through data models. In this contribution, we focus on the need to transfer planetary thematic maps into findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR), as well as transparent research data assets to facilitate improved knowledge extraction and also to compensate for limitations caused by the lack of conventional validation options. We review the current status of planetary thematic mapping, and we discuss the principles and roles of mappers and publishers in the process of creating and stewarding digital planetary maps and associated data products. We then present and discuss a set of recommendations that are closely tied to the FAIR concepts in research data management to accomplish such tasks.

Scour Protection Measures for Offshore Wind Turbines: A Systematic Literature Review on Recent Developments

Offshore wind energy is considered as one of the most promising resources of clean and renewable energy to replace fossil fuels. Additionally, its cost is expected to be lower than onshore wind energy as the technology matures. Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) normally operate in harsh ocean environments, which could impact their structural integrity. Scour erosion around foundations of OWTs can substantially change the overall stiffness of these structures and shorten their lifetime. Currently, there are a limited number of studies on countermeasures and their engineering requirements for decreasing the scouring effect; this is due to their different hydraulic circumstances, such as their stability, reliability, and resistance capacity. To this end, advancements in scour protection measures in the offshore energy sector are evaluated in this paper through a thorough and critical review following the PRISMA systematic literature mapping approach. This includes 68 papers on scour protection and over 30 scour protection designs for various types of wind turbine foundations. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the latest scouring protection measures and their comprehensive assessment, as well as their prospects and future challenges. The findings of this study will provide key insights into scour protection measures for OWTs and will subsequently contribute to the future growth of the offshore renewable energy sector.

Enterprise Architecture and IT Governance to Support the BizDevOps Approach: a Systematic Mapping Study

AbstractCurrent software development practices are transforming the governance and management of software projects with the objective of aligning software products/services with business needs, ensuring business continuity, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering strong stakeholder relationships. The innovative BizDevOps approach has emerged as a response to these challenges, since it extends DevOps by incorporating an additional cycle and involving non-IT stakeholders with a focus on business-IT alignment. The application of IT Governance practices is crucial as regards ensuring the success of complex BizDevOps projects, and this paper, therefore, presents a systematic mapping study that explores the approaches for BizDevOps and encourages DevOps proposals that will seamlessly integrate with the business lifecycle. It examines the support provided by IT Governance practices and investigates the potential roles of Enterprise Architecture. The study analyzed 86 primary studies and 11 secondary studies, revealing a lack of empirical validations and a prevalence of recommendation-oriented papers without concrete solution proposals. These findings highlight the need for further research with which to validate BizDevOps practices and provide actionable insights.

A mutational atlas for Parkin proteostasis

Proteostasis can be disturbed by mutations affecting folding and stability of the encoded protein. An example is the ubiquitin ligase Parkin, where gene variants result in autosomal recessive Parkinsonism. To uncover the pathological mechanism and provide comprehensive genotype-phenotype information, variant abundance by massively parallel sequencing (VAMP-seq) is leveraged to quantify the abundance of Parkin variants in cultured human cells. The resulting mutational map, covering 9219 out of the 9300 possible single-site amino acid substitutions and nonsense Parkin variants, shows that most low abundance variants are proteasome targets and are located within the structured domains of the protein. Half of the known disease-linked variants are found at low abundance. Systematic mapping of degradation signals (degrons) reveals an exposed degron region proximal to the so-called “activation element”. This work provides examples of how missense variants may cause degradation either via destabilization of the native protein, or by introducing local signals for degradation.

Life cycle assessment-based decision making under methodological uncertainty: A framework proposal

The inherent multi-criteria nature of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), tailored to unearth trade-offs amidst environmental aspects, presents a challenge in directly aiding decision-makers when comparings products. These difficulties are due to both the multi-criteria nature of the instrument and the multiple forms of uncertainty that affect the results. This article aims to present a new framework, integrated with the ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards, designed to support LCA-based decision-making under methodological uncertainties. The framework encompasses three innovative phases within the LCA structure: a systematic mapping of sector-specific methodological choices, an in-depth analysis delving into the spectrum of conclusion variability, and the adoption of a weighting system for methodological combinations capable of managing divergent outcomes. This innovative framework was successfully applied in a real-world case study in the packaging sector.