Protection System Research Articles

A More Effective Social Protection System for Older Workers: A Case Study of the Older Adult Employment Project in Thailand

The phenomenon of old-age pensioners reentering the workforce is neither new nor unique and has been well-reported in several published literature. However, there are remaining challenges to this group of job seekers whose needs have yet to be well-documented from employer’s perspectives, especially regarding decent work, legal landscape, and organizational culture. Our study seeks to provide a better understanding of the underlying causes of these and to help policymakers introduce social protection policies to create a more welcoming and supportive environment for older workers. The study used a case study from service companies in Thailand that participated in the Thai government’s campaign on promoting older employment. Data was collected from interviews with top managers of the human resources department, and that information was analyzed by thematic analysis. Key findings highlighted that the supportive mechanisms for matching decent work, a room for integrating legal framework, and a culture that values inclusivity and fair treatment of all workers, regardless of age, can enhance the social protection system for older workers. The establishment of a modern database of older workers’ skills, which ensures easy accessibility to both employers and older workers, the establishment of a task force specific for monitoring laws and regulations concerning older employment, and the development of effective measures against workplace discrimination are recommended as effective interventions for social protection.

Optimal circuit breaker allocation strategy in DC transmission-connected systems

The purpose of this study is to provide data for the best possible circuit breaker allocation in power grids with HVDC transmission while taking circuit breaker failure into account. The lack of a suitable selection of HVDC circuit breakers is one of the primary obstacles to establishing an appropriate protection system for HVDC transmission. This research focuses on finding the optimal circuit breaker allocation strategy with respect to the transient response of the system, especially when the grid operator is using existing circuit breakers, rather than on the necessary steps to improve the technology of circuit breakers. Case studies are simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC in order to verify the transient response of the transmission system corresponding to the allocation of circuit breakers and the circumstance of circuit breaker failure. It is crucial to remember that there isn’t a strategy that is always the best. Consequently, a detailed analysis of the suggested approach is required, taking into account the benefits and drawbacks from the standpoints of fault clearing, power system planning, and operational factors. In the context of HVDC transmission, the authors hope that their research will spark and start conversations about circuit breaker allocation strategies.

Cybersecurity in Learning Systems: Data protection and privacy in educational information systems and digital learning environments

This research addresses the growing cybersecurity challenges within educational information systems and digital learning platforms, focusing on the protection of sensitive data and user privacy. The objective is to identify prevalent cybersecurity threats in these environments and propose effective solutions to mitigate them. A mixed-method approach is employed, combining a comprehensive literature review with a survey distributed to IT professionals and educators working in digital learning environments. The findings highlight the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, including data breaches, phishing, and malware, which compromise the integrity and security of educational data. Moreover, the study reveals a gap in the implementation of robust cybersecurity policies, especially in underfunded educational institutions. The proposed solutions emphasize the integration of advanced encryption methods, multifactor authentication, and regular cybersecurity training for all stakeholders. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of developing a resilient cybersecurity framework tailored to educational systems, ensuring the protection of both institutional data and the privacy of users, thereby enhancing trust and security in digital learning environments.

Updating assembly parameters for spacecraft assembly process state changes: based on data fusion method

Thermal protection systems (TPSs) are important components of reusable spacecraft, and their assembly quality has a crucial impact on flight safety. Owing to the complex assembly process and variable states of spacecraft thermal protection systems, assembly parameters may vary under different assembly states. Therefore, to obtain assembly parameters accurately and efficiently under different assembly states, in this study, 3D point cloud data and fiber optic sensor data were fused to develop an assembly parameter update method for assembly process state changes. Firstly, based on the measured data of thermal protection components and load-bearing structure, the gap, flush and matching parameters solution model are proposed. Secondly, to address the deformation problem of the load-bearing structure caused by changes in assembly status, a fusion method based on laser scanning and sensor detection was devised to achieve deformation prediction of the assembly structure during the assembly process. Thirdly, based on the assembly parameter solution model and point cloud prediction model, a constraint-based assembly parameter optimisation model was established, and an improved quantum particle swarm optimisation (LQPSO) algorithm was employed to achieve assembly parameter updates oriented toward changes in assembly status. Finally, an experimental system for array-based thermal protection structure simulation was established to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed parameter update method can achieve ideal results for different assembly state simulation components.

Conservative Analysis of Transient Heat Transfer in Thermal Protection Systems with Interval Parameters

Conservative Analysis of Transient Heat Transfer in Thermal Protection Systems with Interval Parameters

Formation of the System of Social Services to the Population

The current socio-economic, moral, psychological and spiritual situation in Kyrgyzstan is extremely contradictory and multifaceted. There is instability in the economy, a budget deficit is acutely felt, the number of people with incomes below the subsistence level is practically not decreasing, differentiation of the population by income is increasing, tension in the labor market is increasing, arrears in wages, pensions and social benefits are growing, trends of distress, including social deviations, are acutely evident. The current situation requires the state and non-governmental organizations, and public associations to take adequate measures, primarily in the area of developing the social protection system of the population and ensuring social security.

The Participation of Children and Young People in the Child Protection System: A Systematic Review

Objectives: This study aims to investigate children’s experiences regarding their involvement in the justice system and explore the different facets of their participation, the mechanisms and practices applied, and criticisms and improvements to the justice system. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted through consultation with EBSCO, Web of Science, Pubmed, and PsycArticles. Five articles were included to understand the perspectives of professionals, children, and young people regarding their participation in the justice system. Results: The children and young people involved in the justice system have negative experiences with its professionals, who doubt their ability to understand, devaluing their opinions. The children give up expressing their experiences, reducing participation and creating barriers with professionals. The children say that greater encouragement from judges reduces stress and makes the process more comfortable, increasing their participation. The professionals reveal that the mechanisms used in the system reinforced this lack of participation, despite its initial objective of integrating and including children and young people in the justice system. In general, the child’s legal guardians are better informed about their rights and procedures and have a greater opportunity to give their opinions than children and young people. Conclusions: Despite the advancement and improvement in procedures and mechanisms used to ensure children’s participation, they still have negative experiences about the system itself and the professionals, which reduces their participation.

Design and Implementation of a GSM-Based Home Protection System Against Gas Cylinder Explosion

The aim of this work is to design and implement a GSM-based smart home protection system against the possible life-threatening firing and damage of properties due to gas cylinder explosions. These hazardous explosions are increasingly happened in Bangladesh in the recent years and hence, become serious concerns for the safety of individuals residing in a house. The system designed and implemented in this work can identify unnatural gas leakage by using gas sensors and also, sense unusual temperature increases due to firing inside a house or a restaurant by using temperature sensors. The proposed system ensures multi-level security. The audio and visual alerts are ensured by the use of fire alarms and LEDs respectively. Using GSM module, the system also makes emergency calls and sends SMS to the owner and the nearby fire station to take prompt actions. One servo motor stops the gas valve to cease the gas leakage and another one starts the water valve to flow water to reduce the temperature. Additionally, an exhaust fan is used to reduce the room temperature and let the gas flow out. Therefore, the proposed system is a potential solution to reduce life risks and property damage due to gas cylinder explosion.

Machine Accident Analytics and Protection System (MAAPS): An IoT and Data Analytics Based Approach to Enhance Safety in Agricultural Machinery

The agricultural industry is often associated with significant risks, particularly concerning machine-related accidents. This paper presents the Machine Accident Analytics and Protection System (MAAPS), an Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics-based system designed to enhance safety in the operation of chaff cutters. By integrating PIR sensors and RFID technology, MAAPS aims to prevent accidents through real-time monitoring and immediate machine shutdown when safety limits are breached. The findings reveal that a significant percentage of accidents occur during specific time frames, particularly between 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM, and are often associated with operator fatigue. This paper discusses the system's design, implementation, and implications for improving safety standards in agricultural machinery. Key Words: IoT, data analytics, safety, chaff cutter, machine accidents

Evolution of social standards and guarantees in the legal system of Ukraine: current challenges and development prospects

The study is devoted to the evolution of social standards and guarantees in the legal system of Ukraine, the analysis of modern challenges in the field of social protection and the determination of prospects for their further development. In the conditions of economic and political transformations, ensuring the appropriate level of social standards is an urgent task. The article examines the historical development of social standards from the Soviet period to the modern stage of Ukraine’s integration into the European legal space. The impact of international law, in particular the European Social Charter and ILO conventions, on the formation of social standards is analyzed. The importance of adapting national legislation to international standards for increasing the level of social protection and bringing Ukrainian policy closer to European standards is emphasized. The influence of economic and social factors, such as crises, demographic changes, social inequality and migration processes, which create serious challenges for the state, is considered. Special attention is paid to social guarantees for vulnerable population groups, such as pensioners, people with disabilities, internally displaced persons and combatants. The main problems of these groups in the realization of the rights to social protection were identified and recommendations were given for improving the mechanisms of social support. The author emphasizes the need to reform social policy to create a more effective and fair system of social protection. Contemporary challenges in the implementation of social standards are explored, including economic instability, demographic changes, military conflict, inefficiency of public administration, and corruption. Emphasis is placed on a comprehensive approach to overcoming them, increasing the financial stability of the social system, improving legal regulation and cooperation with international organizations. Prospects for the development of social standards depend on the state’s ability to ensure the sustainability of social policy, adapt legislation to international standards, and increase the availability of social services. The successful implementation of these measures will contribute to Ukraine’s integration into the European legal space, which is strategically important for the country’s development. The article offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of social standards in the legal system of Ukraine, identifies the main challenges and provides recommendations for the further development of social policy.

Experimental study on transpiration cooling with phase change in rotating detonation engine

Transpiration cooling with phase change is an effective method for protecting high heat flux walls from ablation in combustion chambers and spaceflight vehicles. The combustion chamber walls of the rotating detonation engine (RDE) experience high heat flux, which poses significant challenges to thermal protection and limits its development. This study introduces a transpiration cooling thermal protection system for a kerosene/air RDE, where the liquid coolant absorbs heat with phase change, reducing wall temperature by more than 50% under certain conditions. The experiments investigated the effects of coolant flow rate, coolant types (water and kerosene), porosity of porous media, and fuel equivalence ratio on both transpiration cooling and detonation wave dynamics. The results show that water provides superior cooling effectiveness compared to kerosene, particularly with increased flow rates and porosity. During RDE operation, increasing flow rates of both water and kerosene initially enhances cooling efficiency but eventually leads to an overall reduction. Furthermore, higher coolant flow rates of both water and kerosene can disrupt the stability of detonation waves within the combustion chamber. Although enlarging the equivalence ratio improves cooling efficiency, maintaining continuous detonation wave generation remains challenging. The cooling efficiency in the detonation combustion mode is lower than that in deflagration. Additionally, carbon deposition was observed in the transpiration cooling system, particularly during prolonged operation. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimization and technical guidance of RDE design.

Concept of economic crimes in legal doctrine and legislation, their differentiation

Ukraine’s transition to a market economy, the development of entrepreneurship, the promotion of competition, and the expansion of foreign trade contributed to the creation of new opportunities for criminal activity in the economic sphere. At the same time, the low probability of detection and the high profits associated with economic crime make the economic sphere very attractive to criminals. In turn, the huge losses associated with economic crime undermine social protection systems and destabilize economic systems, thus clearly indicating a failure of self-regulation. The legislator, having in mind economic crimes, operates with the concept of “CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY” (Chapter VII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and is limited only to their list. According to the legislative approach, an economic crime can be defined only as a socially dangerous culpable act (action or inaction) committed by the subject of the criminal offense provided for by the Criminal Code of Ukraine and provided for by the provisions of Chapter VII of the Special Part of the Criminal Code. At the same time, on the basis of the generalized data of the legislative and doctrinal approach, it is proposed to define an economic crime as a socially dangerous culpable act (action or inaction) committed by the subject of a criminal offense, which consists in the implementation of illegal economic activity (economic processes, relations, operations) or violation of requirements for legal economic activity to satisfy the selfish interests of a person or a group of persons, encroaches on the sphere of economic relations and poses a threat to the economic security of the state, leads to an imbalance of the state’s economic system. At the same time, the so-called economic crimes (Chapter VII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine - criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity) should be separated from crimes due to which law enforcement agencies can interfere in the sphere of economic relations. Economic crimes can be differentiated according to various criteria: according to the spheres of social relations that regulate one or another type of economic activity; according to the content of the committed crime; by immediate main and additional objects; by subject characteristics; by criminal law characteristics.

Combined Wind Turbine Protection System

The increasing deployment of wind turbines in technologically advanced nations underscores the need to enhance their reliability, extend their operational lifespan, and minimize failures. The current protection devices for wind turbine components do not sufficiently shield them from various external factors that degrade performance. This study addresses the environmental and technical challenges that disrupt wind turbine operations and reviews existing research and technical solutions for protecting individual components, supported by experimental findings. Using a decomposition method followed by the integration of protection components, we propose a combined protection system designed to improve the overall resilience of wind turbines. The proposed system aims to reduce incidents, extend service life, and increase reliability, addressing a critical gap in wind energy technology and contributing to its continued development and efficiency.

Ultrasonic Guided Wave Health Monitoring of High-Temperature Aircraft Structures Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Fuzzy Entropy

This paper presents an innovative approach to high-temperature health monitoring of aircraft structures utilizing an ultrasonic guided wave transmission and reception system integrated with a zirconia heat buffer layer. Aiming to address the challenges posed by environmental thermal noise and the installation of heat buffers, which can introduce structural nonlinearities into guided wave signals, a composite guided wave consisting of longitudinal and Lamb waves was proposed for online damage detection within thermal protection systems. To effectively analyze these complex signals, a hybrid damage monitoring technique combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and fuzzy entropy (FEN) was introduced. The VMD was employed to isolate the principal components of the guided wave signals, while the fuzzy entropy of these components served as a quantitative damage factor, characterizing the extent of the structural damage. Furthermore, this study validated the feasibility of piezoelectric probes equipped with heat buffer layers for both exciting and receiving ultrasonic guided wave signals in a dual heat buffer layer, a one-transmit-one-receive configuration. The experimental results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed VMD-FEN damage factor for real-time monitoring of damage in aircraft thermal protection systems, both at ambient and elevated temperatures (up to 150 °C), showcasing its potential for enhancing the safety and reliability of aerospace structures operating under extreme thermal conditions.

Codesigning rights-based recordkeeping for childhood out-of-home care

ABSTRACT Decades of inquires in Australia and internationally into child welfare and protection systems have highlighted the importance of quality recordkeeping to the lifelong identity, memory and accountability needs for those who experience Alternative Care. Having learnt about the devastating impacts of poor recordkeeping and challenges in accessing records of childhood Care experiences, it is clear that transformative approaches are needed to tackle what Australia’s Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Childhood Sexual Abuse in December 2017 has labelled a ‘systemic and enduring’ problem. In this paper, we report on our involvement in a co-design team of recordkeeping researchers, Care leaver advocates, and digital technologists working together to develop a deep understanding of Care recordkeeping needs and realise them in the functionality of a digital prototype. Developed as a design provocation – a blueprint for participatory recordkeeping infrastructure – we will explain how it enables those currently cast as the client of services and ‘subject’ of records, to participate in their Care recordkeeping on equitable terms. We will discuss how having knowledge of, and appropriate say over, who has access to personal information and records can be re-imagined through digital technologies in support of lifelong rights to identity, privacy, autonomy and accountability.

Decoupling Sources of Anthropogenic Influences on Sediments of the Visovac Lake (Krka National Park, Croatia) Using Multiparametric Approach.

Historical changes of sediment characteristics and levels of inorganic and organic contaminants were studied in dated sediment cores from the Visovac Lake, situated in the Krka National Park, Croatia, to identify the main sources of anthropogenic pressures on this highly protected system. Depth distributions of lithogenic elements showed a steady decrease of terrigenous inputs due to the reduction in agricultural activities in the area, which was particularly pronounced during the 1991-1995 war in Croatia. Vertical and longitudinal distributions of Cd and Zn indicated that they are predominately of anthropogenic origin. The historical profiles of these toxic metals coincide well with the recorded production of metal industry in the upper reach of the Krka River with a sharp decrease reflecting the interruption by the war and slow recovery afterwards. By contrast, the recovery of the tourist industry in Krka NP after the war was accompanied by increasing contamination by elements characteristic of boat and car traffic (Sn, Cu, Pb) as well as oil pollution. The contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls was only moderate. Although levels of metallic and organic contamination can be considered relatively low, the observed shift from industrial to tourism-related sources indicated that touristic activities should also be regarded as a possible threat for this vulnerable karst aquatic ecosystem.

Prediction of low-velocity impact responses for bio-inspired helicoidal laminates based on machine learning

The inherent capacity of natural protective systems to withstand impact loadings, attributed to their microscale helicoidal architectures, has garnered significant interest. Drawing inspiration from this mechanically robust design, this study aims to introduce the composite laminates with a helicoidal distribution and to accurately and efficiently predict their Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) responses. Initially, the Latin hypercube design (LHS) was employed to generate 500 samples representing various pitch angles. An experimentally verified finite element model was then established to capture the load-displacement curves and energy-time curves for these 500 samples. Subsequently, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was utilized to accurately predict the load-displacement curves and energy-time curves for bio-inspired helicoidal laminates across different pitch angles. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to enhance the efficiency of learning the load-displacement and energy-time curves in a reduced dimensional space, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was employed to investigate the feature importance of pitch angle. Finally, the helicoidal laminate with the highest energy absorption for a given volume was obtained by the genetic algorithm (GA) combined with the CNN model. This optimized laminate demonstrates a remarkable 9.5 % improvement in energy absorption compared to the best-performing sample within the original data set. Furthermore, the "spiraling" delamination damage of the helicoidal laminates was studied, which indicates that the delamination with small pitch angle is more pronounced for that with large pitch angle. The proposed method offers significant advantages in terms of cost reduction and efficiency enhancement for predicting the LVI responses of helicoidal laminates, holding immense potential in structural design and optimization of composite materials.

ANÁLISE DE UM PROTÓTIPO DE UMA ESTEIRA TRANSPORTADORA COM AUTOMAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL PARA SEPARAÇÃO DE PEÇAS METÁLICAS E NÃO METÁLICAS UTILIZANDO ARDUINO UNO

Introduction: The use of Arduino Uno and the LS PLC allows for an innovative approach to process automation, offering a practical and effective solution for industrial applications. This automated system is designed to increase productivity and accuracy in material separation, minimizing manual intervention and associated errors. Objective: to analyze a prototype of a conveyor belt with industrial automation for separating metal and non-metal parts using Arduino. Methodology: This study is a qualitative case study of the development of a prototype conveyor belt with industrial automation using the arduino system. Results: The data showed that the NPN inductive and ultrasonic sensors had high detection accuracy rates, with 95% and 97% success, respectively. Communication between the Arduino and the PLC was efficient, allowing the system to respond quickly to sensor readings and trigger the actuators synchronously. The implementation of safety devices, such as pushbuttons and circuit breakers, ensured system protection, while the visual monitoring provided by the 16×2 LCD display facilitated real-time monitoring of operations. Conclusion: The automation of the conveyor belt proved to be a viable and effective solution for sorting materials in an industrial context. The integration of the components and the efficient communication between them were fundamental to the success of the project. This project serves as a solid foundation for future innovations in industrial automation, contributing to the modernization and efficiency of production processes.

ANÁLISE DE UM PROTÓTIPO DE UMA ESTEIRA TRANSPORTADORA COM AUTOMAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL PARA SEPARAÇÃO DE PEÇAS METÁLICAS E NÃO METÁLICAS UTILIZANDO ARDUINO UNO

Introduction: The use of Arduino Uno and the LS PLC allows for an innovative approach to process automation, offering a practical and effective solution for industrial applications. This automated system is designed to increase productivity and accuracy in material separation, minimizing manual intervention and associated errors. Objective: to analyze a prototype of a conveyor belt with industrial automation for separating metal and non-metal parts using Arduino. Methodology: This study is a qualitative case study of the development of a prototype conveyor belt with industrial automation using the arduino system. Results: The data showed that the NPN inductive and ultrasonic sensors had high detection accuracy rates, with 95% and 97% success, respectively. Communication between the Arduino and the PLC was efficient, allowing the system to respond quickly to sensor readings and trigger the actuators synchronously. The implementation of safety devices, such as pushbuttons and circuit breakers, ensured system protection, while the visual monitoring provided by the 16×2 LCD display facilitated real-time monitoring of operations. Conclusion: The automation of the conveyor belt proved to be a viable and effective solution for sorting materials in an industrial context. The integration of the components and the efficient communication between them were fundamental to the success of the project. This project serves as a solid foundation for future innovations in industrial automation, contributing to the modernization and efficiency of production processes.

Towards Enhancing Power System Protection in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation: A Graph Theory-Based Systematic Relay Placement Approach

This manuscript presents an innovative approach to optimize power system protection through strategic relay placement in distribution systems with distributed generation (DG). Traditionally, distribution systems relied on radial configurations, assuming power flow from the grid feeder to downstream networks. However, with the integration of DG technologies, the complexity of relay placement and maintenance increases. The study aims to address protection system issues associated with connecting DGs, such as tripping of production units, blinding of protection, and undesirable islanding. The proposed methodology combines graph theory, energy not supplied (ENS) values, and relay coordination strategies to achieve reliable power system operation. The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB, utilizing data from DigSilent PowerFactory. The key constraints for relay placement, including islanding operation, relay coordination, and load priorities, are considered to minimize the number of power outages and increase overall system reliability. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated using IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems under different conditions. Results show consistent and reliable relay placement locations, considering DG locations and load priorities. The algorithm's speed, effectiveness, and adaptability to different network topologies make it a promising approach for power system protection planning in distribution systems with distributed generation.