Projection System Research Articles

Cross-scale light curing 3D printing method based on dynamic projection scanning lithography

Purpose In this paper, a dynamic projection scanning lithography (DPSL) technology and system is proposed to achieve cross-scale 3D printing, addressing the limitations of the traditional 3D printing methods that struggle to achieve both large build volumes and high precision. The method achieves a printing accuracy of 10 µm within a build volume of 100 × 100 × 100 mm, and successfully fabricates complex hollow structures and functional models. Design/methodology/approach DPSL uses a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based digital projector to generate light patterns for light-curing printing. The light patterns are created by sequentially loading the print design frame by frame, forming dynamic light patterns that are scanned line by line across the material surface for solidifying the printing materials. By controlling the scanning range of the digital projector, it is theoretically able to print models of any size. Additionally, by using DMD oblique scanning, the impact of the DMD micromirrors’ shape and arrangement on print accuracy is addressed by overlapping exposures along the scanning direction of the digital projector. Findings This study shows the printing system resolution of 1.3 µm, while the maximum size of the printing model depends on the system scanning range. Additionally, by using DMD oblique scanning, the impact of the DMD micromirrors’ shape and arrangement on print accuracy is addressed by overlapping exposures along the scanning direction of the digital projector. Originality/value This work demonstrates that DPSL based on oblique scanning technology is used to achieve 3D printing with high precision, large area and smoother surface. In addition, a rigid release method is used to achieve a precise printing layer thickness in the top-down printing process. By adhering the release film to the bottom surface of the glass and adjusting the descent distance of the stage for each layer, uniform layer thickness can be achieved for each exposure.

Clinical Utility of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Using the Medical Imaging Projection System in Breast Cancer Patients, Including Those Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

The Medical Imaging Projection System (MIPS) is a real-time projection mapping system with a highly sensitive fluorescence sensing system. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy using MIPS and radioisotopes (RI) in patients with breast cancer including those who had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This retrospective observational study included patients with breast cancer who underwent SLN biopsy using both MIPS and RI at Hyogo Medical University Hospital from August 2023 to August 2024. In all, 151 patients with breast cancer (157 axillary lesions, considering bilateral cancer as two lesions) were included in this study. MIPS identified significantly more SLNs than RI (median, 2 vs. 1, p<0.001). MIPS alone identified SLNs in 96.2% of lesions, and when combined with RI, identified SLNs in 99.4% of lesions, including in patients who had undergone NAC. Eleven of 157 lesions (7.0%) had positive SLNs, and the combination method identified positive nodes in 10 of these 11 lesions (90.9%). Importantly, all five lesions with metastases after NAC were observed in patients with cN1/ycN0 disease and the luminal subtype. MIPS combined with RI achieves a high identification rate of SLNs in patients with breast cancer, including those who had undergone NAC. Patients with cN1 disease prior to NAC should undergo axillary surgery tailored to their characteristics.

Internet of Things Based Labour/Manpower Tracking System for Construction Projects

Internet of Things Based Labour/Manpower Tracking System for Construction Projects

International Environmental Law and Mechanisms for Its Integration into the Legal Regulation System of Transnational Construction Projects

International Environmental Law and Mechanisms for Its Integration into the Legal Regulation System of Transnational Construction Projects

Mentoring adoption across the information systems project management process: Perceptions of IS project managers

To-date, there appears to be a dearth of information systems (IS) project management mentoring research relating to mentoring practices across the IS project management process. This study contributes to our understanding of the nature of mentoring practices in IS projects. Practicing IS project managers in multinational companies were asked about their mentoring experiences. Findings were based on data collected via a web-based descriptive survey. Four key observations were noted. Mentoring practice adoption was perceived as positive. Practicing IS project managers were cognizant of the benefits that can accrue from mentoring adoption. The drive for project success was a key motivation. Adoption was more expedient and forthcoming in an informal relationship situation. Overall, mentoring was perceived to enhance IS project management practice. The paper concludes by providing some directions for future research.

Optimization of x-ray dark-field CT for human-scale lung imaging.

X-ray grating-based dark-field imaging can sense the small angle scattering caused by object's micro-structures. This technique is sensitive to the porous microstructure of lung alveoli and has the potential to detect lung diseases at an early stage. Up to now, a human-scale dark-field CT (DF-CT) prototype has been built for lung imaging. This study aimed to develop a thorough optimization method for human-scale dark-field lung CT and guide the system design. We introduced a task-based metric formulated as the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between normal and lesioned alveoli for system parameter optimization and designed a digital human-thorax phantom to fit the task of lung disease detection. Furthermore, a computational framework was developed to model the signal propagation in DF-CT and established the link between system parameters and the CNR metric. We showed that for a DF-CT system, its CNR first increases and then decreases with the system auto-correlation length (ACL). The optimal ACL is mostly independent of system's visibility, and is only related to the phantom's properties, that is, its size and absorption. For our phantom, the optimal ACL is about 0.35 µm at the design energy of 60keV. As for system geometry, increasing source-detector and isocenter-detector distance can extend the system's maximal ACL, making it easier for the system to meet the optimal ACL and relaxing the grating pitches. We proposed a set of parameters for a projective fringe system that can satisfy the simulated optimal ACL. This study introduced a task-based metric and a process for DF-CT optimization. We demonstrated that for a given phantom, the detection performance of the system is optimized at a specific ACL. The optimization method and design principles are independent from the underlying dark-field imaging method and can be applied to DF-CT system design using different grating-based implementations such as Talbot-Lau interferometer (TLI) or projective fringe method.

Precise calibration for error detection and correction in material extrusion additive manufacturing using digital fringe projection

Abstract This work proposes a novel calibration method to align the coordinate system of a digital fringe projection system and a material extrusion additive manufacturing machine for in-process error detection and correction. A calibration geometry is printed and measured with the DFP system. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional data processing techniques are then implemented to estimate a rigid transformation matrix between the coordinate systems. The proposed calibration method and geometry are designed to run every time before the start of the manufacturing process. This removes inaccuracies caused by processes in additive manufacturing such as homing and auto-leveling, and allows the transformation to have a high accuracy. The proposed calibration method has achieved a sub-millimeter accuracy with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.028 mm. The proposed method was further used for process monitoring to detect and correct sub-layer under-extrusion errors on a layer-by-layer basis. This error correction process improved the average RMSE by a factor of 1.7 for a simple shape error.

From biopower to affirmative biopolitics: A (bio)political ecology of becoming with wolves

AbstractEffective, equitable and just strategies for multispecies coexistence are increasingly the focus of research and policy. The critical social sciences, such as political ecology, have been particularly interested in this topic recently, exploring the production of human–wildlife interactions and the resulting (uneven) outcomes for different communities. Within this body of literature, some studies have explored human–wildlife coexistence through Foucauldian lenses of biopower and related governmentalities, which have also been extended through more‐than‐human analyses. After drawing a distinction between biopower and affirmative biopolitics, whereby the latter concern alternative modes of ‘living with’ in more‐than‐human societies, beyond forms of control over (human and non‐human) life, this study explores the (alternative) production of subjectivities in the contexts of farmer–wolf coexistence in Tuscany, Italy. The approach adopted entailed a 12‐month ethnography and semi‐structured interviews. On the one hand, exercises of biopower operationalised through truth and neoliberal governmentalities by conservation actors are met by local forms of resistance and contribute to an exacerbation of human–wolf conflict. On the other hand, local manifestations of affirmative biopolitics, wherein wolves are conceived not as objects or means to an end but as subjects of care, may provide more promising bases for coexistence. Nevertheless, local ethical propensities to coexist with wolves are strained and constrained by wider political economies shaping socioeconomic hardships in the agricultural sector. We emphasise the need for a greater recognition of local manifestations of affirmative biopolitics, going beyond problematic exercises of biopower that reduce wolves to providers of services (e.g., ecological or economic), which they may not necessarily deliver. We link affirmative biopolitics to feminist ethics of care, articulating an approach to navigating interspecies violence that is attentive to human and non‐human needs and frames caring for wolves as a systemic project. We encourage future studies to continue exploring affirmative biopolitics.

Perceptions of Organizational Change Readiness for Sustainable Digital Transformation: Insights from Learning Management System Projects in Higher Education Institutions

The adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) offers a transformative potential to enhance educational quality, operational efficiency, and cost-effectiveness while promoting sustainable digital transformation. However, resistance to LMS implementation often undermines these benefits. Initial perceptions of an Organizational Change Readiness (OCR) play a crucial, as they shape attitudes and behaviors, often resulting in rumors, disengagement, and resistance. The objective of the study is to explore how attributes of change, leadership support, internal organizational context, and attributes of change targets impact OCR in the context of LMS implementation. Drawing from organizational change management and information systems literature, this study examines key factors influencing these early perceptions within LMS initiatives. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 316 university personnel across seven public universities and three private colleges. Data were analyzed using partial least squares, revealing that vision clarity, change appropriateness, top-management support, project champion effectiveness, and organizational flexibility explaining 75% of the variance in perceived OCR. Conversely, factors such as change efficacy, organizational history of change, organizational conflicts, and group self-efficacy demonstrated limited influence. These findings underscore the importance of aligning LMS initiatives with institutional goals, fostering sustainable digital practices, and enhancing policy frameworks to facilitate smooth adoption. This study provides actionable insights for promoting sustainable educational transformation in HEIs, particularly in contexts where traditional teaching methods prevail and resistance to technological change is common.

Institutionalized centralized management of large water network projects: An innovative solution to address water crisis

ABSTRACT Building large water diversion projects to form a grand national or regional water network is an important option to address the water crisis. It is necessary to explore the systems for managing large water network projects. This paper studied the management systems for large water network projects based on the institutional change theory. It put forward a set of innovative management options for the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project, the Three Gorges project and other similar projects in China. A comparative of these options, in both qualitative and quantitative terms, was conducted based on SWOT analysis and comprehensive expert evaluation. This paper finally proposed a recommended option, which requires the SNWD project, the Three Gorges project and the Danjiangkou reservoir to be managed together, and reservoirs along the three projects to be managed by local authorities.

Measuring the Effects of Mobile and Social Networking Technology on the Enhancement of English Language Skills: A Comparative Study

This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile learning and teaching technologies and social networking platforms in enhancing English language skills among students in senior secondary public schools in India. Given the rising interest in these educational tools, their impact on language skill development remains underexplored. Addressing this gap, the study employed an experimental design with 120 randomly selected participants divided into three groups. For 12 weeks, each group received English language instruction through different mediums: mobile learning technology (Google Classroom), a social media application (WeChat), and a traditional multimedia projection system. The findings indicate a significant improvement in the English language proficiency of students who used mobile learning technology, as opposed to those who engaged with social media tools or traditional methods. This highlights the potential of mobile learning technologies in effectively enhancing language learning outcomes in the educational context. Furthermore, the traditional multimedia methods employed were found to be less effective in fostering language proficiency when compared to the employment of Google Classroom and WeChat. Given the results of this study, it is proposed that future research endeavors investigate the potential impact of severe games on language learning outcomes. In addition, it is advised that future investigations focus on creating and integrating demanding games that aim to enhance students’ proficiency in the English language.

A conceptual framework for the process protocol of integration quality, safety, health and sustainable construction management systems for infrastructure projects in Indonesia

Construction accidents on infrastructure projects in Indonesia from 2017-2021 have increased by 5.65% from previous years. Construction accidents that result in property damage, death or injury to both workers and the public, pollution and environmental damage cause sustainable development goals not to be achieved. Construction accidents are not only focused on the impacts, but it is necessary to explore how the incident occurred. This is the basis for the need to integrate quality, safety, health and sustainability in construction. The current construction safety management system is not yet integrated with other management systems. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework in the process of integrating construction quality, safety, health and sustainability management systems. Development of a conceptual framework based on literature review, ISO standards and existing construction safety planning guidelines. The development of this conceptual framework is part of a research proposal that is being formulated to develop a process protocol for integrating process of construction quality, safety, health and sustainability management systems in infrastructure projects. This process protocol can simplify the complexity and overlapping of the processes of each management system so that it is easier to understand and to implement by all project stakeholders.

DomeVR: Immersive virtual reality for primates and rodents.

Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments are a powerful tool to explore cognitive processes ranging from memory and navigation to visual processing and decision making-and to do so in a naturalistic yet controlled setting. As such, they have been employed across different species, and by a diverse range of research groups. Unfortunately, designing and implementing behavioral tasks in such environments often proves complicated. To tackle this challenge, we created DomeVR, an immersive VR environment built using Unreal Engine 4 (UE4). UE4 is a powerful game engine supporting photo-realistic graphics and containing a visual scripting language designed for use by non-programmers. As a result, virtual environments are easily created using drag-and-drop elements. DomeVR aims to make these features accessible to neuroscience experiments. This includes a logging and synchronization system to solve timing uncertainties inherent in UE4; an interactive GUI for scientists to observe subjects during experiments and adjust task parameters on the fly, and a dome projection system for full task immersion in non-human subjects. These key features are modular and can easily be added individually into other UE4 projects. Finally, we present proof-of-principle data highlighting the functionality of DomeVR in three different species: human, macaque and mouse.

3D technology applied to preserve cultural heritage: Historical monument Castelul Fermecat

New research strategies for the conservation and 3D reconstruction of cultural heritage allow the implementation of virtual web navigation systems that are useful for their virtual realization. In this paper is presented an optimized workflow for 3D modeling and scanning of the historical monument Castelul Fermecat located in the Nicolae Romanescu National Park in Craiova, Dolj County, Romania. 3D scanning was performed both inside and outside the building, topographic measurements were made for integration in the National Stereographic Projection System 1970 and in the final part all the obtained data were combined resulting in a complex 3D representation of the building. 3D scanning of the Castelul Fermecat was carried out with a view to its inventory by the Craiova City Hall - Heritage Department and its promotion by the owner for tourism and commercial purposes. Castelul Fermecat, together with the Nicolae Romanescu National Park and other objectives in it, is on the list of historical monuments with identification code DJ-II-a-A-07924.

Influences of Project Management Tools and Techniques on the Success of Information Systems Projects

Influences of Project Management Tools and Techniques on the Success of Information Systems Projects

Disentangling the impact of vendor in-role and extra-role performance on client citizenship behavior in enterprise system projects: A response surface analysis

Disentangling the impact of vendor in-role and extra-role performance on client citizenship behavior in enterprise system projects: A response surface analysis

SWOT and Determinant Factors Approach to Worker Compliance Analysis with Full Body Harness Pass Systems in Construction Projects

SWOT and Determinant Factors Approach to Worker Compliance Analysis with Full Body Harness Pass Systems in Construction Projects

A Study on Prioritizing the Adoption of Smart Safety Technologies in Construction Sites through 3D Matrix Analysis Based on Accident Frequency and Worker Perceptions by Accident Type

Efforts are underway to prevent accidents occurring in the construction industry, by adopting smart safety equipment and new technologies. To maximize the effectiveness of smart safety technologies, high-risk, high-frequency accident types at construction sites must be identified and worker feedback must be incorporated to prioritize the adoption of these technologies according to urgency. This study analyzed high-frequency detailed accident types using the Comprehensive Safety Information System for construction projects. A survey was conducted to collect data on the preferred accident types for technology adoption, and the accident types were perceived as high risk. Based on these results, three-dimensional matrix analysis was conducted to prioritize the adoption of smart safety technologies. The top priority for adoption was “Architecture + Reinforced Concrete Work + Formwork Fall”. These results indicate that the goal is to prevent frequent accidents at construction sites by efficiently applying smart safety technologies.

PROJECT FOR CREATING A NEW IMPROVED SYSTEM OF HYDRODYNAMIC LEVELING

They were studied and analyzed by the National Polytechnic University of Armenia and created by HDLS – 10D and by the National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia of Geodesy of Problematic Laboratory, improved with Practical and laboratory test works performed three samples of DHLS respectively. Based on the methods of their measurement and calculation of vertical movements, the authors proposed a project of a new improved system of the HDLS in which the following changes were made to the previous systems: a mobile tank was installed in the working fluid tank, which is half immersed in the working fluid. The movements of the mobile tank are regulated at a constant speed by a micromotor installed above the working tank. Three electrode needles were installed in the reference sensor, the lowermost of which is for the comparative damping of the movement of the faster-moving line of curvature of the initial part of the piezometric movement line of the liquid, the second as a reference for the measurement of the reference sensor to take, and the third to stop the movement of the working fluid after the end of the first cycle of measurements, which equalizes the surface of the working fluid in all sensors, after which the reverse measurement process is performed from the still surface of the liquid with uniform movement by the motor. Due to the same speed of movement of the working fluid, the measurement process from the still surface of the liquid, and the same cross-section of the sensor connections and polyethylene pipes, the resistance to fluid movement decreases, as a result of which the degree of measurement accuracy of the system increases.

Major Depressive Disorder and Driving Behavior Among Older Adults

Depression and antidepressant use are independently associated with crash risk among older drivers. However, it is unclear what factors impact daily driving that increase safety risk for drivers with depression. To examine differences in naturalistic driving behavior and safety between older adults with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted among older adults (≥65 years) from the Driving Real-World In-Vehicle Evaluation System Project collected from July 1, 2021, to December 30, 2023. The sample included 85 participants with MDD and 310 participants without. Neurological, clinical, mood, and neuropsychological tests were collected annually. Daily driving behavior was recorded using a commercial data logger. Statistical analysis was performed from January 31 to June 24, 2024. MDD and antidepressant usage. Linear mixed models with propensity score weighting compared slopes of driving behaviors over time (trips taken at night, speeding, hard braking, entropy, and radius of gyration) between groups. In a sample of 395 participants, 85 were classified as individuals with MDD (mean [SD] age, 69.6 [6.1] years; 60 [70.6%] female; 8 [9.4%] non-Hispanic Black and 77 [90.6%] non-Hispanic White) and 310 as individuals in the control group without depression (mean [SD] age, 70.1 [5.1] years; 153 [49.4%] female; 40 [12.9%] non-Hispanic Black and 270 [87.1%] non-Hispanic White). Adults with MDD had greater depressive symptoms (mean [SD], 8.35 [5.35] vs 2.33 [2.72]; difference, 6.02; 95% CI for difference, 5.17 to 6.85; P < .001), comorbidities (mean [SD], 4.08 [2.07] vs 2.79 [1.67]; difference, 1.29; 95% CI for difference, 0.87 to 1.70; P < .001), used more antidepressants (mean [SD], 0.94 [0.81] vs 0.27 [0.54]; χ21 = 65.8; P < .001), and had a higher number of medications (mean [SD], 3.80 [3.27] vs 1.98 [2.21]; χ21 = 21.0; P < .001) compared with controls at baseline. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated an association between adults with MDD and hard braking (mean [SE], 3.17 × 10-4 [7.30 × 10-5] vs 6.70 × 10-5 [4.00 × 10-5]; difference, 2.50 × 10-4; 95% CI for difference, 1.74 × 10-4 to 4.61 × 10-4; P < .001) and hard cornering events per trip (mean [SE], 0.80 [0.64] vs 0.57 [0.25]; difference, 0.23; 95% CI for difference, 0.08 to 1.06; P = .04), greater distances driven from home (mean [SE], 31.19 [7.35] vs 7.76 [3.80] km; difference, 23.43; 95% CI for difference, 0.28 to 15.2; P < .001), more unique destinations visited (mean [SE], 0.34 [0.10] vs -0.27 [0.03]; difference, 0.61; 95% CI for difference, 0.14 to 0.54; P < .001), and higher random entropy (mean [SE], 0.01 [0.01] vs -0.02 [0.00]; difference, 0.03; 95% CI for difference, -0.03 to -0.01; P < .001) over time. In this longitudinal cohort study of older drivers, adults with MDD demonstrated distinct and riskier driving behaviors than those in the control group without depression, with higher rates of hard braking, cornering, and unpredictability in driving patterns over time. Routine depression screening and tailored interventions are essential for enhancing driving safety and maintaining independence among older adults with MDD. Comprehensive care approaches addressing both mental and physical health are crucial for this vulnerable population.