Paradigm For Systems Research Articles

The origin of overpotential in lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction.

The verification of the lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction system in 2019 has led to an explosion in the literature focussing on improving the metrics of faradaic efficiency, stability, and activity. However, while the literature acknowledges the vast intrinsic overpotential for nitrogen reduction due to the reliance on in situ lithium plating, it has thus far been difficult to accurately quantify this overpotential and effectively analyse further voltage losses. In this work, we present a simple method for determining the Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) potential in the lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction system. This method allows for an investigation of the Nernst equation and reveals sources of potential losses. These are namely the solvation of the lithium ion in the electrolyte and resistive losses due to the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase. The minimum observed overpotential was achieved in a 0.6 M LiClO4, 0.5 vol% ethanol in tetrahydrofuran electrolyte. This was -3.59 ± 0.07 V vs. RHE, with a measured faradaic efficiency of 6.5 ± 0.2%. Our method allows for easy comparison between the lithium-mediated system and other nitrogen reduction paradigms, including biological and homogeneous mechanisms.

Lightweight creativity methods for idea generation and evaluation in the conceptual phase of lightweight and sustainable design

Regarding the implementation of lightweight design in products, there are various guidelines, principles and methods that support the developers methodically throughout the entire design process. Such methods often pursue the goal of optimizing an existing product by reducing the amount of consumed material (e.g., topology optimization). A more effective way to apply lightweight design lies in fostering the creativity and intuitiveness of engineers to develop miscellaneous concepts with the capability to provide far greater mass reductions in contrast to smaller efficiency enhancements. Supported through the breakdown of assemblies via thinking in terms of functions along the paradigm of systems engineering, existing creativity techniques (e.g., “brainstorming” or “6-hats-method”) and evaluation methods (e.g., “point scoring”) for idea generation and evaluation have been analyzed and rethought from a lightweight and sustainable design perspective resulting in so called lightweight creativity methods (LWCM). The methods were tested on a use case from the field of robotics, which enabled the identification of the potential of LWCM for a lightweight and sustainable design.

Patient Perspectives of Chronic Disease Management and Unmet Care Needs in South Korea: A Qualitative Study.

Understanding and incorporating patients' perspectives are necessary to address the emerging challenge of chronic disease management. Our study examined patients' perceptions and experiences for the current chronic disease management system in South Korea. Focus group interviews were conducted on 23 patients and 11 themes emerged by qualitative content analysis. The participants experienced in terms of provider-patient interaction: doctors only prescribe medicine, doctors who provide conventional advice, doctors who do not respect the patients' opinion, long wait times and inadequate consultations, lack of personalized care, and freedom to select another doctor. They also experienced in their community and health system: struggling alone, commercial media and folk remedies, lack of IT technologies for care, demanding visiting services, and lack of collaboration in the community. We found that patients needed comprehensive and personalized care, respect from providers, and self-management support and collaborated care with the community using information technologies advancement. Our findings suggest that a fundamental change in the South Korean healthcare system paradigm is required for successful chronic care, including payment and healthcare delivery systems.

Secure healthcare system with insurance processing using blockchain

Electronic health records provide details about the patient's medications and medical history records. Health information draws attackers' attention since it holds important records. The delivery of the wrong medication or operation is the outcome of the loss of electronic health records. Less security measures are provided by healthcare systems for patient safety information. With the support of particular hospitals, traditional digital health records (EHRs) manage medical information one patient record at a time, which leads to the uncomfortable exchange of records. Cloud-based EHRs are able to share information more easily than traditional EHRs. For cloud-based EHRs, however, a cloud service centre and key generation centre present a specific problem. The proposed effort focuses on developing a new EHR paradigm that can address the centralized issue with cloud-based EHRs. Applying emerging block chain technologies to EHRs is the solution (denoted as block chain-based EHRs for convenience). First, in a block chain scenario, specify the system paradigm of block chain-based EHRs. Additionally, the authentication problem can be crucial for EHRs. On the other hand, the present authentication procedures for block chain-based EHRs have security issues of their own. Additionally, a suggestion for a block chain-based EHR authentication technique is presented here. Our remedy is a collusion-resistant role-based signature system with many signatories that can fend off an attack. Additionally, the suggested method is presumably secure and offers more effective signature and verification processes than current authentication systems in the paradigm of random oracles. The recommended study also focuses on how patients file insurance claims. It helps people get insurance from the authorized insurance sector.

The Model of the World in the Architecture of the Nuzal Temple

The article is devoted to the identification of a three-level Indo-Iranian model of the world in the architecture of the Nuzal temple. This corresponds to the theory of three functions formulated by J. Dumisil for Indo-European and, already, Indo-Iranian society and confirmed by researchers in the most important spheres of Scythian-Alan culture. Unfortunately, the semantics of the Alanian religious architecture remains unexplored, so the article attempts to consider it on the example of the medieval Nuzal Church – a reference temple that has great historical significance and carries architectural and semantic features of the widest range of monuments of the Alanian religious tradition. The architecture of the monument is considered from the point of view of religious symbolism, which is the basis of church architecture. The complex symbolism of the Orthodox church involves a comprehensive consideration of its constituent elements. In our case, we are talking about the architectural appearance, fresco painting and funerary character of the Nuzal church. As a result of the conducted research, following the social structure of society, mythology, traditional worship, choreography, heraldry, the concept of ternarity manifested itself in religious architecture. The architecture of the temple contains the idea of a three–level universe, a World Mountain – with divine, human and chthonic spheres that correspond to three social functions – religious (judicial), military and productive. The tribe of Tsarazonta, which owned the Nuzal cemetery, was in the paradigm of this three-functional system. The conclusions drawn seem to be quite justified, since the historical immutability of the idea of an ideal social structure reproducing the three-part structure of the universe traditionally had the character of a worldview axiom for the Scythian-Alanian culture.

АРХАИЗАЦИЯ КАК ФЕНОМЕН СИСТЕМНЫХ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Objective of the study is to analyze archaization as a phenomenon at the level of systemic contradictions of social development. The methodological basis of the research. The author's approach is based on the theoretical and methodological provisions of the philosophical and sociological concept of transients by A. S. Akhiezer and the concept of C. K. Lamazhaa, which considers archaism in the context of system-wide structural changes, as well as the methodological basis of the author's approach was the system paradigm, the core of which is the principle of consistency. Research results. The author's socio-philosophical reflection on the consideration of archaization as a phenomenon of systemic contradictions of social development has shown that, firstly, the origins of systemic contradictions lie in the course of transitivity and the revival of an archaic system of value-normative phenomena in a crisis situation; secondly, in the awakening of archaic memory; thirdly, in the generation of ideological illusions, as well as reproduction and strengthening of archaic social practices in conditions of systemic contradictions; finally, fourthly, in conditions of regression of transitivity, when we are dealing with the resuscitation of archaic structures. Prospects of the study. Within the framework of a systematic approach to the conceptualization of archaization as a phenomenon of systemic contradictions, a socio-philosophical analysis of the influence of archaic processes on social practices in Russian society seems promising.

THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM PARADIGMS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article identifies the factors which influence changes in the public-private partnerships (PPPs) paradigm in the system of vocational and technical education (VET) took place. The study is based on a comparative analysis of the foreign experience of implementing PPPs in the VET system. The reasons for changing the paradigm of the state dictate to the publicprivate partnerships are clarified, and the sequence of transition to the paradigm of delegating bythe state to the private sector not only economic risks but also the authority to comply with public values is determined. The study revealed that the PPPs paradigm in the VET system was formed under the influence of the concept of the New Public Management, which over time transformed into the New Public Governance with an orientation to public values. The main provisions of PPPs paradigms in the VET system comparative analysis showed that changes have taken place in the status of the pupil (student) in the private partners’ role and in the state responsibility sphere. The new PPPs paradigm for VET main provisions evolution consequence was changing in: the scope of declared goals, the size of investments, planning horizon, economic efficiency, thenumber of involved partners, and the distribution of risks between private and public partners.The results of the study confirmed that the presence of a paradigm as a model for posing a problem is mandatory for the social sciences: after all, it narrows the circle of scientific research, provides a research methodology, tools, and determines the practice of scientific knowledge. The comparative analysis showed that the modern paradigm of scientific research, that is, the model for posing a problem and solving it in the VET system, is the introduction of PPPs with a focus on public values.

Semi-Supervised Federated Learning Over Heterogeneous Wireless IoT Edge Networks: Framework and Algorithms

Federated learning (FL) is a promising paradigm for future sixth-generation wireless systems to underpin network edge intelligence for smart cities applications. However, most of the data collected by the Internet of Things devices in such applications is unlabeled, necessitating the use of semi-supervised learning. Existing studies have introduced solutions to run semi-supervised FL; however, they overlooked the inherent critical impacts of the wireless characteristics at the network edge. We fill this gap by proposing novel solutions to run semi-supervised FL over wireless network edge, considering the limited computation and communication resources and deadline constraints and realizing that unlabeled data can be automatically labeled during the training rounds to improve the performance of the global model. The problem is first formulated as an optimization problem followed by a two-phase solution. In the first phase, we propose a bisection-based algorithm to find the transmit power and local processing speed that optimally fit the new injected labeled data. In the second phase, we propose three algorithms to control the local updates and injected samples that meet the deadline constraint. We analyze the performance of each algorithm concerning the tradeoffs between learning performance, training time, and total energy consumption. Targeting two applications in smart cities, human activity recognition and object detection, we conduct extensive simulations using realistic federated data sets under nonindependent and identically distributed settings. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms effectively utilize unlabeled samples while accounting for the characteristics of wireless edge networks in smart cities.

A compact multi-branch 1D convolutional neural network for EEG-based motor imagery classification

Motor imagery (MI) EEG signals are considered a promising paradigm for BCI systems that enable humans to communicate with the outside world through the brain and have a wide range of applications to improve patients' quality of life with muscle or nerve damage. Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired EEG signals, it is challenging to decode the intent accurately and even more challenging to decode the raw EEG signals. Currently, there is no deep learning method to achieve high classification performance in decoding raw EEG signals. We propose a new end-to-end network for decoding MI EEG signals, Compact Multi-Branch One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CMO-CNN), without some pre-processing such as filtering, using the original EEG signals. The 1D convolution is used as the feature extractor to extract diverse and multi-level features for fusion using different filter scales and depths of different branches. 1D Squeeze-and-Excitation blocks (SE-blocks) and shortcut connections are added to further improve the generalization and robustness of the network. 83.92% and 87.19% classification accuracies were achieved in the BCI Competition IV-2a and the BCI Competition IV-2b datasets. An 8% improvement to 63.34% was achieved in the cross-subject test, demonstrating that our proposed CMO-CNN outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods. Visual analysis of the network shows that the proposed model can accurately learn the event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) phenomenon in the signal, and 1D convolution is actively used for feature extraction suitable for feature extraction of the original EEG signal.

Activity theory for understanding and managing system innovations

This study aims to show how activity theory in the socio-technical systems paradigm can assist in understanding and managing system innovation. We conceptualize socio-technical systems to address societal needs as activity systems and system innovations as transformations of such systems. Transformations result from resolving contradictions that develop due to technical and social change within and between the activities carried out by various agencies to fulfill societal needs. Along this line, the explanation of system innovations focuses on identifying emerging contradictions, resolution initiatives, and their outcomes, whereas the governance of system innovations can be carried out by interactively developing policies through successive interventions to resolve contradictions. We demonstrate the employment of activity theory to understand the transformation of the recorded music socio-technical system towards streaming, as well as to facilitate the management of the transition of the olive oil-producing sector at the regional level towards a circular economy through the adoption of innovative waste-processing technology.

Retraction Note: A novel construction paradigm of multimedia awareness system for mobile network

Retraction Note: A novel construction paradigm of multimedia awareness system for mobile network

Ways to improve payment systems in Ukraine in the context of European integration

Methods. The methodological basis of the research is a set of modern methods and techniques of scientific knowledge: dialectical – to determine the manifestations and consequences of European integration for the payment systems of Ukraine; deduction and induction – for the classification of payment systems; analysis and synthesis – to assess the performance of payment systems; graphic – for a visual representation of the analysis results; analogies and extrapolations – to highlight directions of payment systems of Ukraine improvement considering European Union standards. Results. The current legal framework for the functioning of payment systems in Ukraine in the context of their integration with EU payment systems has been determined. The structure of the modern market of payment systems based on their classification is characterized. The categories of importance of payment systems are intensified, which can be classified as systemically important, socially important and important. The dynamics of the main indicators of the payment systems market for the period from 2019 to 2022 were evaluated. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the key problems of the development of payment systems and the nearest prospects of their development in the conditions of European integration are determined. Novelty. The analysis of the current state and trends in the functioning of payment systems of Ukraine made it possible to identify and justify the key problems of their development. The review of the main vectors of legislative changes in the regulation of the payment sphere for the purpose of implementing the norms of European law made it possible to identify the directions of creating a high-quality, safe and competitive payment system of Ukraine. Practical value. Prospective directions for the development of payment systems of Ukraine are proposed, which can be the basis of the modern paradigm of the updated payment system, which combines various elements and technologies to ensure faster, safer and more convenient payments, taking into account European legislation.

Innovative Methods of Implementing Health and Safety Solutions at the Quality Controller’s Position

Abstract The aim of the paper is to present issues related to the implementation of innovative solutions in the field of occupational health and safety in the enterprise and in the position of quality controller. By presenting the instrumentation of the OHS management system and the “new approach” to issues related to the implementation of the PN-ISO 45001:2018-06 standard, it is possible to define a new paradigm of the management system also in occupational risk assessment. When discussing the effects and actions of arduous and harmful factors at a given workplace, the methods of occupational risk assessment and analysis should be specified.

A Review on Geospatial Information Systems in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing technology is one of the most important technology in information systems (IS) today. It is an important alternative that ensures powerful data processing, storage and exchange. And as a result of the emergence of multiple sources of spatial data and their tremendous growth and the expansion of areas of use of Geospatial Information Systems (GIS), it became necessary to integrate these tow technologies to achieve the optimum benefit of these technologies to make Geospatial Information Systems capable of accommodating the large, rapid, and diverse amounts of spatial data available nowadays. Cloud computing is a new paradigm in Geographic Information Systems. Although there are many publications related to cloud computing in Geographic Information System, there is no systematic review of current research taxonomies .The purpose of this paper is to conduct a survey on GIS Cloud Computing. It addresses the different GIS Cloud frameworks or architectures. The search for articles carried out in general academic databases including the Scopus database, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar Citations. Retried articles are analysed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally articles selected for review.

Paradigm shifting of education system during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study on education components

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a far-reaching effect on the education system, leading to some changes in the conventional education system. Educational institutions are adopting alternative methods to adapt to the changed situation. The purpose of this study is to explore the changes that have taken place in the education system due to the pandemic situation. A qualitative phenomenological approach has been used to conduct the study. To get a complete picture of the shifting paradigm of the education system, two interview methods such as In-depth Interviews (IDI), Key Informant Interviews (KII) have been adopted. Interviews were taken from 15 respondents. A purposive sampling technique has been used to reach the target sample. A semi-structured questionnaire has been developed to collect necessary data. The findings of this study showed that COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in various components of the education system. Curriculum, syllabus, assessment method, teaching method, learning method, etc., have changed in the education system. The elements of education are shifting from offline to online. The use of online-based learning materials is increasing. The curriculum has been made more flexible with a more compressed and shortened syllabus to suit the students learning under such unforeseen circumstances. Faculty should promote online study groups so that those groups can assist in providing additional support throughout specific courses. The education policy should be changed by the Bangladesh government to adapt to the changed situation.

Stock Price Prediction Using Arima Forecasting and LSTM Based Forecasting, Competitive Analysis

Abstract: Given the commercial and personnel assets involved as well as the unpredictable nature of the gains switching limbs, stock systems are among absolute highly exciting areas for net worth progress and GDP expansion. Forecasting the future and performances of every stock industry could help investors accumulate wealth during prosperous periods and reduce liabilities during turbulent moments. "Stock industry forecasting" is the process of estimating the eventual worth of transfer business shares and comparable monetary assets. Stock price forecasting has long been a popular area of study. Nevertheless, the widely adopted auto - regressive integrative movement averaged (ARIMA) approach has its inherent benefits and drawbacks. Longer short-term memory (LSTM) systems paradigm consumption towards forecasting additionally demonstrates intriguing potential. By comparing the concepts of such different approaches and the outcomes of predictions, this paper particularly contrasts such two concepts. The LSTM framework is thought to have the strongest forecasting power inside the end; however, data manipulation has a significant impact on it.

The current paradigm of the EU energy system and its impact on the sustainability of member states’ economies by 2050

In a context of multi-crises, as well as the challenges of both the medium and long term, associated with elements highlighted by the transformation of the EU energy system, we appreciate that not only is it a very difficult time to overcome efficiently and balanced EU Member States, but above all it is a time to activate research systems on identifying key solutions, as well as firm decisions at the level of decision-making institutions at the level of the European Institutions. Moreover, based on the latest European studies, systematic testing of ongoing initiatives can strategically prepare for an increase in the resilience of Member States’ economies to crisis shocks, as well as “the key to success Europe’s ecological transformation and climate neutrality of the EU economy in a broader sense.” The paper aims to highlight how to act at European level in the context of the latest energy decisions (regulations, strategies, pro-grams and directives) and how to stimulate “the EU economy with about 3.3% of EU GDP or EUR 464 billion in 2030 and up to EUR 5.6% or more than EUR 1 trillion in 2050.” At the same time, we appreciate that as a result of green energy, digitalization and technology, the environmental objective on the EU and UN net emissions in 2050 can be achieved, especially as a result of a fair and equitable transformation for the economic environment and for citizens, being an objective that directly contributes to achieving a sustainable, collaborative and prosperous society with an open and modern society, but more chosen efficiently in terms of resource optimization and a sustainable and competitive economy.

Extended dynamic mode decomposition for two paradigms of non-linear dynamical systems

We apply the Koopman operator theory and Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition in two non-linear dynamical systems. The first one is the 3x+1-system which follows by the so-called Collatz conjecture and it is discrete. The second one is the SIR-model which is continuous and is used to describe the evolution of a disease through some population. Koopman operator captures the dynamics of a non-linear system, however it is infinite dimensional. In this study, we approximate the aforementioned systems with finite dimensional linear systems which are defined on some augmented state space. In the case of the Collatz system, this approach is expected to give some more insight to the 3x+1-problem. In the case of SIR-model, using some suitable dictionary of observables, we obtain a linear system which approximates the trajectories of the system and can be used for prediction and control purposes.

Pancasila as the basis and paradigm of the national legal system

Produk kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintahan dari suatu negara dapat menjadi tolak ukur daripada keberhasilan negara itu sendiri. Sayangnya, produk kebijakan pemerintahan masa ini masih belum bisa dikatakan sebagai kebijakan yang dapat dengan baik mensejahterakan masyarakat yang disinyalir akibat dari gagalnya pihak-pihak yang berkuasa dalam memahami esensi makna dari Pancasila. Apabila mundur ke belakang, sejarah pemerintahan di Indonesia sendiri tidak terlepas dari peran konfigurasi politik yang memiliki corak berbeda hingga berbeda juga dalam menafsirkan bahkan menggunakan Pancasila. Indonesia sudah merasakan berbagai rezim yang dimulai dari rezim pemerintahan demokrasi terpimpin yang nyatanya otoriter dan secara jelas menyimpang dari falsafah Pancasila, lalu rezim pemerintahan yang lebih otoriter namun mengatasnamakan Pancasila, hingga secara perlahan mulai kembali pada falsafah Pancasila yang demokratis. Dinamika politik yang telah terjadi menjadikannya pelajaran berharga agar rezim pemerintahan kedepannya dapat dengan baik menafsirkan Pancasila dan menggunakannya sebagai paradigma sistem hukum nasional untuk mewujudkan warga negara yang baik (good citizenship) yang memiliki pemerintahan yang baik (good goverment) pula. Bukan hanya melihat pada sejarah dinamika politik, namun juga melihat asal kemunculan Pancasila dan relevansinya dengan sistem hukum nasional.

Boosting NOMA systems through smart metasurfaces

Smart metasurfaces have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation wireless communication systems, providing a reconfigurable radio propagation environment for a wide range of services and applications. In this paper, we discuss how to include and exploit smart metasurfaces into a 6G environment employing non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communications. We identify the key challenges in the characterization of NOMA systems assisted by metasurfaces, which encompass the mutual coupling between electromagnetic fields in the scattering surfaces and its impact on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the receiver. Furthermore, we describe opportunities and limitations for fully integrated systems: in this frame we envisage and outline a “deep” cross-layer approach, that encompasses full-wave electromagnetic analysis, circuit analysis, signal processing, and communication, then providing a model with affordable computational complexity for solving challenging configuration tasks in 6G wireless scenarios.