Training System Research Articles

Trajectory Tracking Control of Pneumatic Cylinder-Actuated Lower Limb Robot for a Gait Training System

Trajectory Tracking Control of Pneumatic Cylinder-Actuated Lower Limb Robot for a Gait Training System

The Training Systems Affect Fruit Quality, Yield, and Labor Efficiency in Peach (P. persica L. Batsch)

In the Vase system, the most common training system for peach-growing countries for more than a century, light distribution to the canopy is uneven, and access to the canopy for pruning, thinning, and harvest labor is difficult. It is important to identify alternative systems to the Vase system considering the cultivar and growing environment to facilitate labor and enhance productivity and quality. In Türkiye, one of the important centers of peach growing worldwide, detailed research has yet to be published on the applicability of training systems alternative to the widely used Vase system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different training systems (Vase, Catalan Vase, Quad-V, Tri-V) on growth, yield, fruit quality, and labor costs of peach cultivars (Extreme® 314, Extreme® 436, Extreme® 568). The experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2022. Although the distance between rows in all training systems is 5 m, the distance between trees on the row is determined as 4 m in Vase, 3 m in Catalan Vase, 2.5 m in Quad-V, and 2 m in Tri-V. In the experiment, vegetative development parameters, such as canopy volume, trunk sectional area, and the amount of winter pruning weights, differed according to the training system. In the final year, the Vase system, which produces the most pruning weight, generates 48.0% more pruning weight compared with the Tri-V system, which produces the least. Concerning yield per tree and hectare, trained to the Vase system yielded higher fruit per tree regardless of cultivar, while the Quad-V and Tri-V systems yielded more fruit per hectare. The training system and cultivar affected the fruit size; the largest fruits were obtained from the Extreme® 568 cultivar trained according to the Vase system. The most time needed for winter pruning was obtained from the Vase (79.4 min/tree) system, and the Tri-V (57.4 min/tree) and Quad-V (60.3 min/tree) systems required the least time. The Catalan Vase (31.1 min/tree) system required the least time for summer pruning. The most fruit harvest in an hour was obtained from the trees trained according to the Tri-V (164.5 kg/h) and Quad-V (132.02 kg/h) systems. These results suggest that Quad-V and Catalan Vase systems performed well and could be alternatives to the Vase system.

Impact of liminality and rituals on professional identity formation in physician training.

The transition from medical student to practicing physician affects the complex processes of professional identity formation and professionalism, which have a lasting effect on the physician's career development. This study explored two different transitional processes of medical students in Taiwan, the associated rituals during this transitional period (the 'liminal phase') and their effect on the formation of professional identity. Using snowball sampling, we recruited 13 medical students from two training systems: six from the traditional postgraduate year programme and seven from the accelerated postgraduate year (A-PGY) programme. Semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed to identify significant themes that encapsulated trainees' experiences. A consistent and mutually confirmed discussion ensured the identification of robust recurring themes. A comparative analysis of the two training modalities provided critical insights into the relative impact of the training dynamics. The A-PGY cohort, subjected to an altered 'incorporation' ritual, encountered an influx of unexpected symbolic social power, complicating their transformation within the liminal phase. Without a defined internship like in the PGY system, A-PGY trainees exhibited confusion and inconsistencies in professional identity formation marked by conflicting internal and external perceptions. This ambiguity affected their clinical training, social integration and overall development of professionalism. The absence of a structured, sequential liminal phase increased conflict and diminished motivation, culminating in an incomplete self-crafting journey for A-PGY trainees. This study highlights the impact of the well-sequenced implementation of rituals in liminality on professional identity formation. A good transition training programme for medical students should compass sequential rituals in the liminal phase, including clear starting and ending points, supervision by seniors, guided reflection and plenty of opportunities for observation and imitation in context. Optimal training and pivotal elements in a medical training system warrant delicate design and further research when developing and changing the structure of the training programme.

Empowering Family Nurse Practitioners for Sustainable Community Health

<p>醫療自主權於現今醫療環境中日趨重要，以病人為中心照護的重要環節，就是鼓勵病患積極參與醫療決策，以提升照護品質與滿度度。台灣衛生福利部自2016年開始推行醫病共享決策（shared decision making, SDM），期望促使病人積極參與醫療決策，以提升醫病關係、醫療品質及病人安全。推動至今，共享決策已廣泛運用於臨床實務中。但是，偏鄉及高齡長者，其就醫習慣、喜好、價值觀和醫療新知取得與都市居民有極大的差異。傳統以「醫生」作決策的觀念深植，參與SDM之意願以及推廣策略，值得探討。因此，本文將從專科護理師之角色去探討共享決策於偏鄉醫院推動影響因素，推行過程所遇到困境與經驗，綜整考量偏鄉居民特質及觀念，因應出不同之SDM推行之道。</p> <p> </p><p>Various challenges, such as a nursing workforce shortage, an aging society, and health inequality,seriously affect the sustainable development of Taiwan. Although the specialized nursing system represents a significant milestone in nursing development in Taiwan, it is mainly focused on hospital training, neglecting community health needs. Community health care can be effectively enhanced by promoting the family nurse practitioner system, especially in rural areas. Family nurse practi-tioners provide medical care services, boost local economies, increase employment opportunities, and strengthen community cohesion. The cultivation and investment in family nurse practitioners are crucial for improving the efficiency and quality of medical services. With the adjustment of the med-ical training system in Taiwan, nurse practitioners could redefine their roles and responsibilities in a new environment, and eventually contribute to the sustainability of Taiwan’s primary health care and improve community health. Through the empowerment of family nurse practitioners, Taiwan will be better equipped to address challenges and achieve sustainable development goals</p> <p> </p>

Achieving new excellence in an augmented reality dental education system

Background/purposeSimEx-Plus (EPED. Inc) was already a mature augmented reality (AR) dental training simulator that allowed students to have a high quality dental education practice. Now the EPCAD software has been further developed into a comprehensive computer-aided design software. It helps relevant professionals learn how to create digital fixed prosthesis in a virtual environment. This study used the newly developed EPCAD software that was integrated within the SimEx-Plus to design dental restorations then digital output milling restorations. We hope that the SimEx-Plus AR dental training simulator can achieve the multi-purpose function in one machine. Materials and methodsA right maxillary central incisor was prepared in the standard dental model. The restorations were designed by EPCAD software integrated with the SimEx-Plus and milled by a 4-axis dental milling machine (N4+, vhf camfacture AG). The internal gap of the restoration was evaluated. ResultsThe internal gaps of the crowns set on the right maxillary central incisor were among 68.27–89.80 μm. The different setting for digital output did not influence the internal gap (P 0.05, One-Way ANOVA). However, the internal gap on the palatal side was larger than that on the labial, mesial, distal, and incisal surfaces (P < 0.05, One-Way ANOVA). ConclusionThe new software EPCAD that was integrated within the SimEx-Plus AR dental training simulator could design restorations, and the designed restorations had good internal gap for clinical use. The professionals can learn tooth preparation and digital restoration fabrication by the SimEx-Plus AR dental training system.

Implementasi Reformasi Birokrasi Dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Aparatur Di Dinas Koperasi Usaha Kecil Menengah dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Dharmasraya

This research aims to find out how bureaucratic reform is implemented in developing human resources for the apparatus at the Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service. Researchers conducted qualitative research using descriptive methods. The research was conducted at the Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service. To select informants using purposive sampling. The data sources for this research are primary and secondary data, which were collected through interviews and documentation. However, triangulation of methods and sources is used to test the validity of the data. Data analysis consists of four stages: data collection, data reduction, data delivery and conclusions. The research results show that the implementation of bureaucratic reform in the development of human resources for the apparatus has gone well, although not optimally. employee skills are still lacking, thus explaining the importance of providing training to State Civil Servants who need it. The Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service has implemented bureaucratic reform in the aspect of human resource development. There are three indicators in human resource development according to Lijan Poltak Sinambela (2016), namely (1) Training and development of human resources such as training for civil servants (Laksa), career advancement training, (2) Compensation (3) Career development. Meanwhile, in the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2021 concerning the Road Map for Bureaucratic Reform of the Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform for 2020-2024, there are seven indicators of success in developing human resources, namely (1) Planning employee needs (2 ) Employee recruitment (3) Employee development (4) Promotion, transfer and rotation of employees (5) Implementation of employee performance assessments (6) Enforcement of employee code of ethics (7) Developing a personnel information system. However, in implementing bureaucratic reform, the Dharmasraya Regency Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises and Trade Service experienced obstacles, such as a lack of infrastructure, a lack of budget, and a lack of training provision for ASN. Efforts made by the Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service are (1) Development through Training (2) Increasing human resource capacity in the region (3) Human resource training system

Развитие онлайн-образования в области искусства в высших педагогических университетах Китая и России

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been actively integrated into the global educational process since the early 2000s with the aim of enhancing the training and education systems to meet the demands of the information society. In the era of globalization and expanding access to Internet technologies, online learning is becoming an integral part of the educational system of any country. The pedagogical training of specialists in this regard is particularly significant as it is responsible for the future workforce of the educational system and the level of technological integration in working with the younger generation. Training of teachers for the field of arts is a distinct area that requires attention and concerted efforts from governments to modernize the technologies used. Both China and Russia possess deep cultural traditions that can enrich the practice of online arts education. Exploring ways to integrate cultural characteristics into distance learning courses can contribute to a deeper understanding between countries. The introduction of online approaches to art education will allow pedagogical universities in China and Russia to adapt to modern educational trends and improve the quality of education.

ON THE NECESSITY OF CHANGES IN THE MENTALITY OF THE LEADERSHIP AND FUNCTIONARIES OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE

Based on the analysis of the results and experience gained in the processes of decentralization of power and reforming the territorial structure of Ukraine, the article concludes that the quality of governance of a number of newly formed territorial communities (TCs) in the difficult conditions of simultaneously confronting the military aggression of the russian federation and the need to implement a set of European integration measures is affected and will be affected in the future by the current mental state of their population and local self-government bodies. It is demonstrated that this state is a consequence of the long-term impact on consciousness and intelligence, knowledge and experience, management and life traditions, mentality and mentality of the population of the ideologemes of the so-called Eastern institutional matrix (communitarianism, rigid centralized management and non-market economy). The European integration intentions of the population and leadership of Ukraine require changes in this state in the direction of achieving and ensuring the ideologemes of the Western institutional matrix (individual freedoms, decentralized governance and market economy). Since the results of the comparative analysis of the values and ideals of the mental attitudes of the population of the EU and Ukraine, with the obvious presence of common priorities of peace, human rights and democracy, demonstrate the advantages of Ukrainians in the pursuit of peace and preservation of human life, but also reflect quite significant differences in the area of non-compliance by Ukrainian citizens with the requirements of respect for other cultures and even the requirements of the implementation of existing laws, this makes it quite obvious that a number of training activities on certain transformational changes should be planned and implemented. To this end, it is necessary to use the existing potential of the current system of training and retraining of current and future personnel of the public administration and management system at all its levels, starting with the basic one – the staff of local self-government bodies of TCs.

Forms and methods of professional development for biology teachers

This article explores various forms and methods of professional development for biology teachers within the modern education system. Given the constant evolution and change in biology, teachers must remain at the forefront of knowledge and pedagogical techniques to ensure quality education for their students. The article discusses different forms of professional development and analyzes the role of educational environments and postgraduate education institutions. The conducted survey highlights the significance of implementing professional development and motivating educators in their professional activities. The conclusions of the article are valuable for both biology teachers and educational institutions planning to develop support and training systems for pedagogical staff in the field of biological education. The authors emphasize that the professional development of biology teachers requires a combination of different methods and an active approach to learning. This is essential for the effective implementation of scientific achievements in the educational process and the provision of quality education in this field.

Rural Teachers' Digital Competence: Impediments and Developmental Responses

Digital transformation of education is an inevitable trend in the development of education in the digital era. Teachers' digital competence is the comprehensive ability of teachers to use digital technology to empower the teaching and learning process, which plays an important role in promoting the digital transformation of education, advancing educational equity, and cultivating students' digital competence. Under the dual system of urban and rural areas, there is a gap in digital competence between urban and rural teachers due to factors such as ambiguous cognition of rural teachers' digital technology, insufficient support, and lack of assessment and training systems, which may further widen educational inequality between urban and rural areas. The development of rural teachers' digital competence can be promoted by guiding them to change their way of thinking, increasing support, and improving assessment and training systems.

Jointly exploring mathematics ability and speed in large-scale computer-based testing

AbstractIn large-scale tests, the implementation of computer-based testing (CBT) allows to automatically collect data not only on the students’ response accuracy (RA) based on item responses of the test, but also on their response time (RT). RTs can provide a more comprehensive view of a test-taker’s performance beyond just what is obtainable based on correct responses alone. In this paper a joint approach is considered to improve the estimation of ability scores involving complex data coming from computer-based test administration. The study focuses on analysing the data of Italian grade 10 mathematics national assessment administered by the National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education and Training System (INVALSI). In addition, a bivariate multilevel regression with speed and ability estimates, obtained by joint model, is developed including individual covariates to evaluate the contribution of individual and contextual variables in predicting test-taking speed and ability. Overall, the main results indicate that mathematics ability and speed are significantly and negatively correlated, and that the hierarchical data structure (students nested into classes) should be taken into account when explaining the dependency of ability and speed on explanatory variables, such as prior achievement, test anxiety, sociodemographic covariates, class compositional variables, school tracks and geographical area.

SPORT TAʻLIM MUASSASALARI TARBIYACHILARINING UZLUKSIZ MALAKASINI OSHIRISH - DOLZARB PEDAGOGIK MUAMMO SIFATIDA

This article talks about the system of training of teachers of sports educational institutions, the current issues of organization of the process of their continuous training.

The Usefulness of a Virtual Environment-Based Patient Setup Training System for Radiation Therapy.

In radiation therapy, patient setup is important for improving treatment accuracy. The six-axis couch semi-automatically adjusts the patient's position; however, adjusting the patient to twist is difficult. In this study, we developed and evaluated a virtual reality setup training tool for medical students to understand and improve their patient setup skills for radiation therapy. First, we set up a simulated patient in a virtual space to reproduce the radiation treatment room. A gyro sensor was attached to the patient phantom in real space, and the twist of the phantom was linked to the patient in the virtual space. Training was conducted for 24 students, and their operation records were analyzed and evaluated. The training's efficacy was also evaluated through questionnaires provided at the end of the training. The total time required for patient setup tests before and after training decreased significantly from 331.9 s to 146.2 s. As a result of the questionnaire regarding the usability of training to the trainee, most were highly evaluated. We found that training significantly improved students' understanding of the patient setup. With the proposed system, trainees can experience a simulated setup that can aid in deepening their understanding of radiation therapy treatments.

Robotic sleeve gastrectomy through medial approach for severe obesity: Safe introduction, technical description and case series.

The use of robotic surgery has increased worldwide and has the potential to amplify the surgeon's skill owing to its versatile functions. However, robotic surgery requires specific skills that differ from laparoscopic surgery, and the field of robotic surgery training systems is underdeveloped. Therefore, to ensure patient safety, a task protocol should be prepared before the introduction of novel robotic surgeries. This article provides the pioneering description of performing robotic sleeve gastrectomy (RSG) through the medial-to-lateral approach, utilising our newly revised protocol. The preliminary clinical results of 10 patients who underwent RSG using the stapling-first technique between June 2021 and March 2023 showed that RSG is safe and feasible and that the implementation of a task protocol is an effective strategy for the safe introduction of a novel robotic surgical technique.

Research on Strategies to Enhance Teachers’ Cultural Literacy in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine culture is a treasure of Chinese culture, and its inheritance is crucial for the comprehensive training of teachers in the new era. This article delves into strategies to enhance the cultural literacy of traditional Chinese medicine among teachers from the perspectives of educational science and cultural dissemination. This study analyzes the current situation and teaching impact of traditional Chinese medicine cultural literacy among teachers and proposes strategies such as strengthening basic education, integrating it into training systems, conducting practical activities, and building resource-sharing platforms. These measures aim to enrich teacher knowledge, improve teaching levels, and effectively inherit and promote traditional Chinese medicine culture. At the same time, this article provides specific suggestions for the effective implementation of strategies and references for improving the cultural literacy of teachers in traditional Chinese medicine.

SalNAS: Efficient Saliency-prediction Neural Architecture Search with self-knowledge distillation

Recent advancements in deep convolutional neural networks have significantly improved the performance of saliency prediction. However, the manual configuration of the neural network architectures requires domain knowledge expertise and can still be time-consuming and error-prone. To solve this, we propose a new Neural Architecture Search (NAS) framework for saliency prediction with two contributions. Firstly, a supernet for saliency prediction is built with a weight-sharing network containing all candidate architectures, by integrating a dynamic convolution into the encoder–decoder in the supernet, termed SalNAS. Secondly, despite the fact that SalNAS is highly efficient (20.98 million parameters), it can suffer from the lack of generalization. To solve this, we propose a self-knowledge distillation approach, termed Self-KD, that trains the student SalNAS with the weighted average information between the ground truth and the prediction from the teacher model. The teacher model, while sharing the same architecture, contains the best-performing weights chosen by cross-validation. Self-KD can generalize well without the need to compute the gradient in the teacher model, enabling an efficient training system. By utilizing Self-KD, SalNAS outperforms other state-of-the-art saliency prediction models in most evaluation rubrics across seven benchmark datasets while being a lightweight model. The code will be available at https://github.com/chakkritte/SalNAS.

A Comparative Analysis of STEM Design Curriculum Policy for Country Development: A Case Study of Taiwan and Thailand

The aim of this comparative study is to analyze the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) design curriculum policies in Taiwan and Thailand, focusing on their potential impact on national development. The research examines three key areas: 1) STEM educational developmentpolicies; 2) curriculum frameworks; and 3) teacher professional development. The methods employed in this study include a comprehensive review of relevant literature, policy documents, and curriculum frameworks from both Taiwan and Thailand. The analysis involves a comparative approach to identify similarities, differences, and best practices in STEM education policies and implementation strategies. The results indicate that both Taiwan and Thailand recognize the importance of STEM education for driving innovation and economic growth. However, Taiwan demonstrates a more comprehensive STEM policy framework and a stronger commitment to developing a skilled workforce. Taiwan’s curriculum framework emphasizes hands-on, project-based learning, interdisciplinary integration, and the incorporation of modern technologies, fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative skills among students. In contrast, Thailand is in the early stages of establishing STEM regulations and aligning curricula with industry needs. Thailand’s evolving curriculum framework shows promise in promoting creativity, critical thinking, and practical problem-solving abilities. Regarding teacher professional development, Taiwan has a well-established system of ongoing training and industry-school collaboration, while Thailand is in the process of creating a STEM teacher competency program. The key conclusion of this study is that Taiwan’s well-developed STEM policy framework, with its focus on curriculum design and teacher professional development, demonstrates a more holistic approach to promoting STEM education compared to Thailand. Despite Thailand’s early stage of implementation, the country is showing encouraging progress in aligning its STEM policies with national development goals. The findings suggest that a comprehensive and integrated approach to STEM education, encompassing policy development, curriculum design, and teacher professional development, is crucial for effectively promoting economic growth and innovation in both Taiwan and Thailand.

Neural Network-Based Exercise Training and Limb Function Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiding Technique

Exercise training plays a pivotal role in enhancing limb function and overall physical performance. Through targeted and progressive exercise regimes, individuals can improve strength, flexibility, coordination, and endurance in their limbs. This paper presents a novel Neural Network-Based Exercise Training and Limb Function Evaluation System tailored for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) guiding techniques. This paper constructed a novel Multi-Layer Fuzzy Pattern Neural Network (MLFPNN) for the estimation of limbs for exercise training. The proposed MLFPNN model acquires information about the limb muscles through the acquired information features are normalized. With the normalized features, TCM is evaluated for the computation of the feature for the exercise training in MLFPNN. The proposed model uses the multilayer fuzzy for the estimation of the limb features associated with the limb function. The estimated features of the limb are applied over the pattern network for the classification of limb function based on TCM with MLFPNN. The proposed MLFPNN model evaluates the 10 features in the limb muscle estimation for TCM-based exercise training. Experimental analysis is conducted for the proposed MLFPNN to achieve a higher prediction based on the actual values. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the proposed MLFPNN model achieves an accuracy of 92.5% while conventional SVM, RF, and k-NN achieve a classification accuracy of 88.3%, 90.7%, and 87.6% respectively. The findings stated that the proposed MLFPNN model is significant for the limb function estimation for the TCM-based training.

Innovative System for University Research and Teaching Staff In-House Training in English

Innovative System for University Research and Teaching Staff In-House Training in English

Transitioning learners from literacy instruction in local languages to English in Zambia: teacher practices and parental responses

ABSTRACT In Zambian primary schools, children begin learning to read in one of seven Zambian languages, transitioning to English as the language of instruction by fifth grade. Research on early-exit language transition in this context is limited. This case study aimed to examine this transition in four primary schools in Serenje, Zambia. Study participants included teachers, parents, and Ministry of Education officials. We found that phonics-based approaches were frequently used by grade 3 and 4 teachers to scaffold transition, as well as learner-centred approaches. A recurrent theme was the lack of sufficient teaching and learning materials to support transition. We found a great deal of support for initial literacy instruction in local languages among parents, in contrast with much of the literature on parental preferences, but parents identified the same challenges as teachers regarding the lack of materials to support language transition. We recommend the development of a specific transition curriculum for Grades 3 and 4, in alignment with the National Literacy Framework; corresponding alignment of the pre-service and in-service teacher training systems; and the provision by the government of sufficient materials specifically designed to support transition, including home reading materials.