System Of Secondary Vocational Education Research Articles

Institutional measures to support the Education – Labour Market system in regions of Russia

The paper analyses the dynamics of unemployment in the Central Federal District regions in 2018-2022. The main issues are problems at the Russian labour market in 2020-2023, and measures of their state regulation taken at the federal and regional levels. The paper considers the measures of state support for the Russian labour market during the COVID-19 pandemic and economic restrictions, and describes their consequences. Also there is an assessment of the role of secondary vocational education system, implementation of state programs and national projects, i.e. the federal projects «Professional», «Young Professionals». Paper listed the professions and specialties in colleges of the Ivanovo and Yaroslavl regions. On the example of the Ivanovo region we consider the establishment of educational and production centres (clusters). The study considers goals, objectives, stages, directions of development, institutional environment, services of the National Qualifications System of the Russian Federation, the essence of Independent Qualification Assessment in details. The study also highlights the role of the state for a secondary vocational education system development.

A systematic approach at the development and assessment of functional literacy of the students of professional educational organizations: regional aspect

Functional literacy as a pedagogical category is considered in the context of its development in the system of secondary vocational education. It is known that for the successful development of the personal characteristics of students, the teacher needs a deep understanding of its essence and context. In this article, a description of the process of development and evaluation of functional literacy of students of professional educational organizations is presented, based on a systematic approach, which is considered as a methodological basis for the development and functioning of the process of developing functional literacy among students of vocational schools. The experience of professional development of vocational education teachers for the implementation of a systematic approach is also presented. The emphasis is on the development of general professional competencies, which are based on the key components of functional literacy and are related to the characteristics of the future activities of students of secondary vocational education. The content of the educational community work in the Samara region in the field of functional literacy at the secondary school level, described by the author, reflects the stages of the process, regional specifics, features of the professional development of secondary school teachers and the implementation of the principles of a systematic approach (integrity, hierarchy, planning, dynamism, adaptability and structuring) in the formation and assessment of functional literacy of students of professional educational organizations.

The State of Teacher Training in the Conditions of Dual Training

The purpose of this article is to understand and justify the conditions for the use of elements of the dual training system in the implementation of professional educational programs to improve the efficiency and quality of training of qualified pedagogical personnel in secondary education institutions.
 The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of dual education as a technology for preparing bachelor's degree programs in modern conditions of pedagogical university. Nowadays the topic of "dual training" is a very urgent problem on the pedagogical platform. Because vocational education has never been conceived without connection with the manufacturing sector. The authors describe how dual education is carried out abroad, as well as how the dual education model is being implemented in Kazakhstan. As an example to describe the introduction of elements of dual training, the system of dual training of some pedagogical universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented. The article shows that this technology makes it possible to solve the tasks assigned to the pedagogical university for the training of pedagogical personnel for the system of secondary vocational education. Dual training reduces the gap between theory and practice, promotes the professional development of teaching staff. In addition, it sets new tasks for the higher education system: the development of dual training programs, the regulation of tripartite relations "university – student – employer".

Использование технологий, основанных на искусственном интеллекте, в преподавании иностранного языка в образовательной организации среднего профессионального образования

The article considers artificial intelligence technology together with deep learning algorithm for modernization of foreign language teaching in the educational organization of secondary vocational education. Foreign lan-guage processing is one of the main methods of artificial intelligence and is widely used in speech analysis and recognition. In order to increase the proportion of qualitatively learned material by young professionals, different teaching methods are implemented according to the different training levels of students, and system-atic simulation comparisons are made according to their degree of training. The work emphasizes the im-portance of a balanced approach to the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the process of teaching foreign language as part of the system of secondary vocational education, taking into account the ad-vantages and disadvantages of software products.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN CHUVASHIA (1920s – 1950s)

In the realities of modern times, a big problem for Russia is the shortage of young professional personnel. Important suppliers of workers are secondary vocational educational institutions. In order to understand how the process of “growing” in-demand specialists occurs, researchers are faced with a number of pressing questions. First of all, it is necessary to find out which educational institutions train personnel in what areas and professions? Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the development of the secondary vocational education system in the 1920s – 1950s using the example of one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation – the Chuvash Republic. Materials and methods. The scientific and theoretical basis of the article is headed by the scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, social approach, alternativeness, which fundamentally reflect the study of various processes taking into account the dynamic development and interaction of elements. Research results. An independent stage in the development of the education system and secondary vocational education was associated with the proclamation of Soviet power in the country and the creation of the Chuvash Autonomous Region in 1920. In Chuvashia, there was a need to create independent educational institutions. Technical schools became the most relevant type of educational institutions. In the 1930s. There is an increase in the number of secondary specialized educational institutions, which contributed to the growth in the number of specialized personnel. The training of new specialists was carried out at enterprises in Chuvashia, as well as at special courses. The impetus for increasing the rate of training of workers from among the Chuvash population was the opening of factory apprenticeship schools and workers’ faculties. In the 1940s Schools for working youth were created, and evening schools for rural youth began to function. Conclusions. In modern conditions, secondary vocational education is a sought-after level of education, within which personnel are trained in applied professions, which Chuvashia clearly needs. It is no coincidence that over the more than 100-year period of its development, the republic has created a whole complex of secondary specialized institutions, most of which continue to produce specialists. The first such institutions began to form in the 1920s and 1930s. This period included many difficulties in the education system, which was largely due to the lack of professional teachers and difficulties in the logistics of the social sphere. The period of the end of the Second World War created a new impetus for the opening of vocational education organizations, which was associated with the restoration of the state’s economy. By the early 1950s. There were 22 such educational institutions in the republic, which became an important link in the education system of Chuvashia.

Experience in conducting practical training at the employer’s organization

The emergence of the Russian economy to new frontiers opens up opportunities for quality education, employment and professional growth for mid-level specialists. The general focus of training is professional; the process is built on the principles of advanced education, defining as the main result the achievement of social and professional competence of the graduate, adequate to the requirements of society and the economy.The modern system of secondary vocational education must meet the requirements of practice-orientedness, take into account the requirements of employers, it is necessary to develop the knowledge, skills and practical skills of a competitive specialist. Competitiveness can only be increased by improving the quality of education. The problem of high-quality training of specialists is due to the insufficient effectiveness of interaction between educational organizations and employers.In the context of the implementation of the competency-based approach, the quality of vocational education is determined by the ability of a young specialist to easily adapt to market conditions for the development of the regional economy, to identify connections between knowledge and real situations; apply acquired knowledge to adequately solve professional problems, as well as mastery of professional competencies and elements of labor functions.The need is being updated and the possibility of implementing elements of dual training within the educational process of the branch of the Siberian University of Transport in Novoaltaysk is being considered. The experience of conducting practical training at the employer’s organization is summarized.

Системный подход к обучению студентов возможностям современных систем автоматизированного проектирования

The article describes a systematic approach that is used at the Department of Engineering Graphics at Bauman Moscow State Technical University to teach students the possibilities of modern computer-aided design systems.
 
 A methodology for teaching the basics of creating solid-state geometric models of parts and drawings in the Compass-3D system based on a systematic approach is presented. The structure and content of classes are described. The educational materials are developed on the basis of the students' knowledge of stereometry acquired at school and the knowledge gained during the parallel study of the engineering graphics section "Projection drawing".
 
 Examples of practical tasks for students' independent work are given. The training begins with the construction of a flat contour, which is used as basis of a three-dimensional model. When constructing a contour, students practice to create the basic primitives that make up the contour, and superimposing geometric and dimensional dependencies on the primitives. The construction of solid-state models begins with the modeling of simple geometric bodies: a prism, a pyramid, a body of rotation. This allows students to focus on practicing shaping operations, and to better navigate the toolbars. Then, students consolidate their knowledge and skills in building models of more complex shapes, similar in design to mechanical engineering parts of two classes: "body of rotation" and "non-body of rotation". Students create electronic drawings based on the constructed models. At the same time, the following is being worked out: creating images in the drawing – views, sections, sections; applying dimensions while maintaining an associative connection with the part model; using drawing design elements.
 
 Examples of control tasks for editing created models and drawings are given, which are necessary for students to acquire skills important for engineering practice.
 
 It is noted that the acquired knowledge and skills can be used by students in further education. The proposed methodology can be recommended for use in the system of secondary and secondary vocational education.

Организационно-педагогические условия формирования готовности педагога профессионального обучения к отраслевой практико-ориентированной деятельности

The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical substantiation of the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness for industry practice-oriented activities among future teachers of the secondary vocational education system to increase the effectiveness of training in higher vocational pedagogical education and ensure that the results of this training meet the current requirements of employers. The paper presents a set of organizational-methodological, content-activity-related, technological-instrumental and personnel-related conditions that contribute to the development of industry-specific professional skills and abilities among future teachers of the secondary vocational education system. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a detailed description of the content of organizational and pedagogical conditions for the training of undergraduate students in the programme 44.03.04 Vocational Training (Economics and Management) during industry operational practice in order to include them in the process of industrial training and development of industry-specific professional skills that contribute to the formation of the readiness to perform industry practice-oriented activities in organizations of the secondary vocational education system. The author believes that such a set of conditions will contribute to improving the quality of training not only for teachers of professional educational organizations, but also, as a result, workers and middle-level specialists who are needed by the labor market. Following the study, the results of testing organizational and pedagogical conditions have been presented and their effectiveness for practical application has been proved.

Transformation of secondary vocational education in the context of technological changes

Introduction. Modern socio-economic realities associated with a new technological transition necessitate serious structural and substantive changes in the system of vocational education and training. In the 21st century, most countries of the world have faced increasing problems of inconsistency of the structure of modern vocational education with the new technological order and changing personnel demands of the economy. The problems are particularly acute in the Russian system of secondary vocational education, which has been in the mode of reform since the mid-90s of the last century and is designed to play a major role in professional self-determination and the formation of youth.Purpose setting. The objectives of the article are to analyze trends and factors that determine the need for status, structural and substantive changes in the Russian system of vocational education and training.Methodology and methods of the study. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the theory of continuing professional education (A. M. Novikov), integrative theory of multilevel continuing professional education (A. P. Belyaeva), professionology (E. F. Zeer), skills of the 21st century (A. J. Rotherham, D. Willingham). Methods of comparative and retrospective analysis of statistical data of Russian and international studies, content analysis of websites of secondary vocational education institutions were used in the work.Results. The results of the study are: the analysis of trends and factors determining changes and improving the efficiency of the functioning of vocational education and training systems; identification of factors of synchronization of the Russian system of secondary vocational education, the labor market and the personnel needs of enterprises; substantiation of the need for status and structural changes in the system of Russian secondary vocational education.Conclusions. The practical significance of the research is to demonstrate the possibilities of retrospective, prognostic and comparative analyses in assessing the activities of secondary vocational education and training institutions, their transformation into other educational systems.

Methods for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption using the property of the exponent function when studying Physics in the system of secondary vocational education

In accordance with the educational standards of the Federal State Educational Standard for Secondary Professional Education, it is intended to familiarize students of professional educational organizations with the properties of radioactive radiation, their practical applications, as well as with some concepts of dosimetry and protection from such radiation.The relevance of this research can be debated for a very long time. But in light of recent events it is obvious.A thorough mastery of all this material is impossible without studying the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation.The research problem: the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation are expressed using the exponential function N=N_0 e^(-λt) and i=Ie^(-μχ) and are usually not presented in the course of Physics in secondary specialized educational institutions. At best, an appropriate schedule is drawn, but without justification. It seems that this is caused by two reasons: firstly, when writing the exponent function, the base of natural logarithms is used – the number e, which is unknown to intermediate students; secondly, the above laws are usually derived by solving differential equations, which is far beyond the scope of the mathematics curriculum. Meanwhile, both of these difficulties can be easily overcome by using the properties of the exponential function known to students of secondary vocational education.The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption, using the properties of the exponential function; to conduct a pedagogical experiment in order to identify the problem of students’ mastery of the proposed material.The research methods used are theoretical justification; calculation; comparison of quantities; graphical analysis of experimental data; generalization of the experimental factors of the study and their explanation.The research results: a methodology has been developed for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption using the property of the exponential function; the result of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the developed methodology.Key conclusions: from the proposed article we can conclude that the presented method for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation using the property of the exponent function can be used by teachers when studying the section «Radioactive Radiation» for both students of professional educational organizations and school students (advanced level).

Analysis of Regional Secondary Vocational Education: What Is the Priority?

The state of the system of secondary vocational education in the regions of Russia is studied on the basis of an analysis of the quantitative parameters of the specialties/professions for which training is provided. A methodological basis for further research has been developed, including the definition of a priority specialty/profession for the region, based on the calculated index of the revealed comparative advantage, and a mechanism for compensating some specialties by others according to three different scenarios.The dependences between the share of specialty and the share of regions in which this specialty is a priority are considered, the hypothesis of the relationship between the share of specialties/professions in which the region has a revealed comparative advantage and interregional migration of the population for the age range of 14–19 years, which occurs over education export account.A hypothesis has been put forward and confirmed that a high proportion of specialties/professions in which the region has a revealed comparative advantage is associated with a low diversification of professions/specialties in the region, which in turn is due not to the real need of the region’s economy, but rather to the unpreparedness or inability of educational institutions region to develop open source software.

Учебная дисциплина «Народная музыкальная культура» в системе среднего профессионального образования: проблемы и перспективы

Folk musical culture is one of the significant disciplines in the system of secondary vocational education, which does not enjoy any academic or methodological support in the present day. The article discusses the key problems associated with the implementation of this training course, such as the lack of modern teaching manuals and compilations of demonstration material, and most importantly, the currently outdated methodological approach, according to which folk musical culture is regarded as a summation of folklore texts. The author substantiates the relevance of developing a different — namely, a culturological — approach to the study of the discipline, which would ensure the perception of its object as an integral multidimensional phenomenon. For the implementation of this initiative, a thematic plan is proposed, drawn up on the basis of the author’s own teaching experience within the framework of the teaching load, which is provided for by the current educational standards. As it was being formed, the requests and interests of students were taken into account, identified as a result of a sociological survey of students at the Kaluga S. I. Taneyev Regional Music College. In conclusion, means of solving the problem of educational and methodological support are determined with a focus on the capabilities of the modern digital educational environment.

Improving the institution of targeted education: analysis of changes in the law on education

In the context of the transition to a digital economy, there is a need for qualified specialists with competencies corresponding to these processes. The system of secondary vocational and higher education is the main tool for training personnel for the labor market. The author of the article refers to the mechanism of targeted training as one of the ways to solve problems in the field of personnel training. Ideologically targeted education, in general, has not undergone fundamental changes in the last two decades. It is based on the fact that admission to targeted training at the expense of the state budget is carried out according to separate quotas, and one of the conditions for granting a quota is the conclusion of an agreement with the customer of targeted training - the future employer. However, the details of the targeted receipt procedure and the obligations of the parties to the relationship were not properly regulated in the legislation, which gave rise to rather negative assessments of society towards this basis for the emergence of educational relations. From May 1, 2024, amendments to the legislation on education will come into force, aimed at increasing the efficiency for the economy of targeted education by clarifying the obligations of the parties and their responsibilities, and also designed to make the entire procedure for admission to target places transparent and open on a nationwide scale. The article provides a critical review of the proposed changes in the Law on Education: for the first time given a definition of the concept of targeted education, updated obligations of the parties to the agreement on targeted education, inclusion of the educational organization and the future employer in the number of parties to the agreement, an updated procedure for admission under the agreement on targeted education.

마이스터고 정책의 제도적 변화 분석: 역사적 제도주의 관점을 중심으로

This study analyzed the trajectory of policy change in Meister High School from a historical institutionalism perspective. Through this analysis, the causes for the continuity of Meister High School policy as part of the secondary vocational education system, regardless of changes in government, and the internal catalysts for change were examined from a historical perspective.
 The key findings of the study, summarized using the perspective of historical institutionalism and commonly used terms in this discourse, are as follows. First, the Meister High School policy emerged by highlighting the differentiation point of "Meister" while maintaining existing elements of the secondary vocational education system. Second, the Meister High School policy relied on the performance indicator of employment rates during the preparatory and implementation stages, forming path dependence. Various pre-existing policy elements combined institutionally to form a layering effect in the path formation. Third, the policy drifted due to unintended consequences such as negative public discourse on fair access for youth, negative perceptions of employment upon high school graduation, and issues related to early employment and working conditions, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industries and educational settings.
 In summary, the Meister High School policy is undergoing a gradual transformation, and has the uniqueness of attempting issue framing by the same minister in different periods of government. As an actor, the Minister of Education sought to dominate and frame the agenda of vocational education, but the influence varied depending on the timing and context in which the policy was situated. Based on the research findings, implications for the Meister High School policy are derived, and suggestions for the institutional aspects of the development of Meister High School are provided.

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF READINESS OF FUTURE TEACHERS TO BUILD A PROFESSIONAL CAREER IN CHANGING CONDITIONS

Introduction. The professional activity of a teacher is multifunctional, and responsibility for their own professional success rests with the teacher himself. However, a significant part of the graduates of the pedagogical university is not ready enough to build their professional career.
 The purpose of the work is to theoretically substantiate and describe the effectiveness of the implementation of pedagogical conditions that ensure the formation of the readiness of future teachers to build a professional career.
 Methods and materials. Systematic, acmeological, activity-based, personality-oriented approaches are considered as the methodological basis of the author’s research. The solution of research tasks is provided by a set of complementary theoretical and empirical methods.
 Results. The essence of the concept of readiness of future teachers to build a professional career is clarified. The criterion apparatus for determining the readiness of future teachers to build a professional career is presented. The effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of future teachers to build a professional career has been experimentally proved. The research materials can be used in the system of secondary vocational and higher pedagogical education to form students – future teachers’ readiness to build a professional career.
 Conclusion. The revealed pedagogical conditions contribute to the formation of the readiness of future teachers to build a professional career. The presented practical experience can be used in the construction of a professional training space for future teachers and in other educational organizations.

Проектная деятельность в образовательном учреждении среднего профессионального образования

The article discusses the possibilities of forming professional competencies when performing a diploma project in educational institutions of secondary vocational education through the involvement of students in project activities. The substantiation of the approach to the design activity of the pedagogical worker is proposed, the procedural scheme of the design of the educational process in the implementation of the diploma project is proposed. The role of project activity in achieving educational goals, as well as the impact on the professional development of the student is shown. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that it is necessary to divide the design process into stages that differ in priority deterministic goals. The structure of the professional module, made on the basis of the federal state standard in the system of secondary vocational education, is given.

PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING IN THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF CLIL APPROACH

The relevance of the research is due to the need to modernize foreign language (FL) training in the system of secondary vocational education (herein after referred to as SVE) as part of the implementation of the new Federal State Educational Standards in the context of strengthening the career guidance potential of FL learning. Accentuating the FL learning professional bias in college is aimed at developing students’ FL communicative competence in situations of professional communication and also for the sake of developing students’ professional self-determination. However, the development of the foundations of professionally-oriented FL training of SVE students has not been the subject of a separate study, which determines the urgency of the presented work. The purpose of the study is to work out the content and organizational foundations of professionally-oriented FL training, based on the CLIL approach. The study identifi es principles, requirements, didactic tools and materials that ensure the students’ mastering FL professional communication and the professional self-determination of students in the process of specialized FL training in the SVE system. It has been established that the electronic educational training manual on information technology and telecommunication systems, based on the CLIL approach, developed in the course of study has proven its effectiveness. The proposed principles, stages and content of teacher and student activities ensure the integrity of educational and personality developmental aspects of professionally-oriented FL training of SVE students, parallel and simultaneous mastery of all types of speech activity in the process of solving problem quasi-professional tasks in a specialized fi eld, and can be successfully used in a real educational process in a FL class at a SVE institution.

Features of Preparation of Students of the Secondary Vocational Education System in the Direction of Screen Arts

Features of Preparation of Students of the Secondary Vocational Education System in the Direction of Screen Arts

Personnel training for the forestry complex of the northwestern and Arctic regions of Russia

Introduction. Forestry industry development and management in the North-West and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is a national priority, focused on the global competitiveness of the Russian timber industry products. The study aimed to analyze personnel training for forestry, offered by the education system of the North-West and the Arctic zone of Russia, in order to bring the qualities of the graduates of higher and secondary vocational education in line with the needs of the forestry industry in this macro-region. Materials and Methods. The research materials were statistical data from 4 forms of state federal reporting for 2021-2022: on admissions and graduations from the higher education system; graduation from the secondary vocational education system; number of employees of organizations by type of economic activity; demand of organizations by type of economic activity. The methods of descriptive statistics, mathematical modeling and comparative data analysis were used. Research Results. The study determined a list of 20 areas and disciplines of higher and secondary vocational education organizations training qualified personnel for the forestry complex, and formed a group of 19 types of economic activities related to the five main areas of forestry complex work. The scope of annual additional personnel demand of enterprises and organizations of the forestry complex of the Arctic and North-West Russia was calculated with the help of macroeconomic methodology for assessing the economy's demand for qualified personnel. The annual demand for personnel with higher education was 3.54%, for mid-level specialists it reached 4.49%, and for skilled workers and employees – 5.41% of the total number of employees with the appropriate level of education working in the forestry industry. The comparative analysis identified entities where personnel demands could be met by graduates from their region and entities needing additional sources, including graduates from other regions. Discussion and Conclusion. Pronounced lack of own personnel with higher education for enterprises and organizations of the forestry complex was identified in Leningrad Oblast, Chukotka, Nenets and YamaloNenets Autonomous Okrugs. Mid-level specialists currently graduate in sufficient numbers, with the exception of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. In the next two to three years, a significant shortage of qualified workers and employees (more than 90%) is expected in all subjects of the macroregion. A solution to this problem may be targeted training of specialists in other regions, as well as in regions that are well-known educational centers (for example, Tomsk, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk).

Мотивация трудоустройства выпускников колледжей: анализ изменений

In the context of large-scale import substitution, improving the training of workers for all sectors of the national economy in the system of secondary vocational education becomes an urgent problem. It is necessary to cre-ate conditions that ensure the formation of motivation among college graduates for the implementation of the entire volume of competencies acquired during the study in the specialty or associated with it. In this regard, there is a need to investigate the motivations that determine the employment of current academic graduates. Based on the materials of three sociological studies conducted by the Ural Federal University in 2018, 2021, 2023, the main factors influencing the choice of a future place of work by senior students of different colleges of the Middle Urals are revealed. The article shows changes in assessment of the level of the desired salary, prospects of realization of abilities, professional and career growth when making a decision to work in a pro-fession or adjacent to it.