Scientific Knowledge Systems Research Articles

Aims setting process of pre-service primary school teachers’ foreign language communicative competence development

The article highlights the features of aims setting process of pre-service primary school teachers’ foreign language communicative competence development, which is based on the definition of the purposes in accordance with the peculiarities of future professional activity. This process is one of the main educational categories and reflects the features of the educational process and the results of professional training of intending primary school teachers.
 The paper focuses on the views of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the types of aims and their functions in the future teachers’ training.
 This work aimed to outline the features of the aims setting process and to determine the purposes of pre-service primary school teachers’ foreign language communicative competence development.
 The process of determining the purposes of education is to form a system of general scientific and special professional knowledge that provides certain skills of intending primary school teachers. It is noted, that the main requirements for formulating the aims of the educational process are: clarity, hierarchy and diagnostics.
 The competence orientation to general (broad sphere of life), special (narrow sphere of activity) and subject (certain courses) determines three stages of designing the aims of intending primary school teachers’ foreign language communicative competence formation: establishing strategic (general) aim, concretizing it in tactical purposes and forming operational objectives. Tactical purposes are represented by a set of cognitive, developmental and implementation ones, which are specified by operational objectives. To schematically depict the hierarchy of the aims for the pre-service professionals’ foreign language communicative competence development, the method “Aim Tree” was used, which allows to display the hierarchical structure of the aims by dividing the overall aim (level 1) into subaims (level 2), which in turn are divided into new sub-aims (level 2)

Adaptive capacity of small pelagic fishing communities in coastal Tanga (Tanzania) to changes in climate-related phenomena

Studies examining the vulnerability, resilience and adaptation options of fisheries-dependent coastal communities have noted a decrease in viable options to respond effectively to the impacts of climate change. The extent of vulnerability is experienced in terms of varying capacity to respond to ecological changes through resource use practices. We analyzed the experiences of three coastal communities dependent on small pelagic fisheries in Tanga region, Tanzania, and their responses to the changing availability of fisheries resources. The study illustrates how conditions associated with upwelling, while not readily obvious to fishers, match some of their fishing strategies, with implications for fisheries-dependent livelihoods. Yet, the fishers’ perceptions are key determinants of the response options they adopt. Limited access to scientific knowledge also constrains the effectiveness of their response options. Our findings have important implications for the manner in which local and scientific knowledge systems can be integrated, particularly with regards to enhancing the adaptive capacities of coastal fishing communities through knowledge sharing.

Clinical psychology for specialists in physical therapy, occupational therapy: curriculum

The discipline "Clinical Psychology" aims to acquaint students of medical universities in the specialty 227 - physical therapy, occupational therapy with the clinical and psychological paradigm of understanding the nature of the human psyche in the norm, at the neurotic, borderline and psychotic levels; to reveal the range of diagnostic and treatment approaches taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of mental organization of an individual patient, the peculiarities of his physical functioning, quality of life and attitude to the disease in order to select optimal areas of clinical interviews, psychological diagnostics, psychotherapy, medical and socio-psychological rehabilitation. The discipline also aims to create a holistic system of scientific knowledge about clinical psychology as a science and practice, the formation of skills and abilities to select the use of clinical techniques for psychoprophylaxis, counselling practice considering the specifics of working with different categories of patients, including different models of physical therapy and occupational therapy.
 The subject of the discipline is the study of a system of generalizations about the psychological characteristics of the personality of patients with somatic and mental illnesses, with problems of functioning, limitations of life and health; and concerning medical interaction, formation of professional representations concerning problems of mental norm and pathology, functioning and vital activity.

Indigenous knowledge systems based climate governance in water and land resource management in rural Zimbabwe

Abstract This paper interrogates indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) based climate governance in water and land resource management in under-resourced areas of Zimbabwe. Water and land resources are fundamental for smallholder farmers and their productivity. The concept of IKS plays a significant role in climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe's rural communities. Climate change has a considerable influence on the success of agricultural production in the rural communities of Zimbabwe. Hence, it becomes fundamental to assess the community-based methods of climate governance. Qualitative multiple case study exploratory designs were employed with data collected through individual interviews with smallholder farmers, and thematic content analysis was used to analyse data. This study found that enhancing and embracing IKS is of paramount importance for inclusion in local-level strategies in the development process with special reference to climate governance in water and land resource management, particularly in under-resourced communities. It also established that the use of IKS enhances communities' adaptive capacity and it should not be conducted at the expense of scientific methods but rather should be employed in order to complement the existing scientific global knowledge systems.

Main directions of modern library science (according to the materials of the interlibrary scientific collection)

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of content of scientific-practical and theoretical collection "Libraries of National Academies of Sciences: problems of functioning, tendencies of development". Revised topics of publications, the author's composition, the purpose and readership of the publication for the entire existence of the publication on topical issues of bibliography, library science, bibliography and social communications are considered. The priority directions of development of modern academic library are determined on the example of rubrics of the collection as a complexly structured system of scientific knowledge: general, special, partial, which cover all directions of information and library support of modern science. The meaningful coverage of published research is a qualitative indicator of the cultural and informational life of scientific libraries, which have significant intellectual potential and valuable historical and cultural funds.
 The issues of the collection of scientific works cover the set of topical issues of development of the information sphere of society and achievements of scientific libraries in the context of the evolution of information exchange due to the introduction of advanced information and telecommunication technologies. Thus, with the development of librarianship and the growing social role of libraries, library science is a multidisciplinary interdisciplinary science with extensive interdisciplinary connections.
 It is concluded that the modern organization of library science requires the formation of innovative strategies for the development of scientific libraries based on the integration of all information and communication potential of each country. The articles published in the collection are of high scientific level and novelty, their topics reveal the priority areas of academic library, they are a significant contribution to the development of modern theory and practice of academic library.

The concept of paradigm of T.S. Kuhn in accounting: a strategic aspect

The expediency of development of theoretical and methodological bases of accounting and analytical support of the system of strategic management on the basis of use of T.S. Kuhn paradigmatic model of science development has been grounded. The peculiarities of the development of accounting science on the basis of the introduction of the concept of non-financial and integrated reporting in the current accounting practice have been considered. The difference between cumulative and non-cumulative approaches to the development of the system of scientific knowledge in accounting has been disclosed. The reasons for the expediency of using the paradigmatic concept of T.S. Kuhn to describe the process of development of the system of accounting scientific knowledge in the context of the development of the concept of strategic accounting communications have been determined. The basic concepts of the paradigmatic model of science development of T.S. Kuhn have been analyzed. The structure of the paradigm according to the approach of T.S. Kuhn has been revealed. The main phases of development of scientific knowledge according to T.S. Kuhn have been considered. Two groups of researchers' approaches, which use a paradigmatic model to analyze the peculiarities of the development of the system of accounting scientific knowledge have been allocated and characterized.

THE FOLK STUDY FOUNDATION OF NATIONAL PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF A MUSICAL ART TEACHER

The national-patriotic rebirth that occurs in modern Ukraine activates the public attention to the problem of a harmonious, integrated, creative, spiritually developed, tolerant person. In view of this, the use of music, including Ukrainian, national-patriotic education of the future teachers of music has become most promising, necessary and urgent. The comprehensive development of students’ mental and physical abilities is provided by a system of scientific knowledge, skills and abilities, which should correspond to the social demand of the society. The article highlights the relevance of the ethnographic foundation in the activity of the teacher of musical art for the fulfillment of the main tasks of national-patriotic education. The questions of possibilities of realization of modern pedagogical technologies in the educational process of modern school are raised.

Гендерна рівність серед курсантів і студентів авіаційних і технічних вищих навчальних закладів

The article explores and analyzes the problem of gender equality among cadets and students of higher educational institutions, in particular aviation and technical. The appropriate methods and main aspects of solving the problem are defined. In addition, various methods for introducing gender equality into the educational process are provided and the relevant work of the teacher during classes is presented. At present, gender equality among cadets and students of aviation and technical universities is an urgent problem in Ukraine, because the humanization and democratization of modern society envisage the orientation of our State towards establishing universal human truths and standards. First of all, gender theory should be integrated into the system of scientific knowledge and educational disciplines. Educators should implement planned educational activities aimed at identifying and neutralizing gender stereotypes that form the basis for non-compliance with gender parity and discrimination. Thus, teachers should ensure gender equality among students of higher educational institutions, including cadets and students of aviation and technical higher educational institutions. It is also worth noting that observance of human rights is being formed as a certain ideal, the main means for which is the achievement of the general principles of law, and its fundamental principle is the multi-aspect principle of gender equality. However, given the aforesaid matters, equality of genders does not mean only their biological identity or ignoring physical capabilities along with the mental and psychological characteristics. On the contrary, differences should not be negatively reflected in the living conditions of both men and women, thereby causing discrimination.

Научные основы проектирования оптимальных конструкций тихоходных синхронных генераторов с постоянными магнитами для ветроэнергетических установок

In this paper, the scientific basis for designing wind power plants (WPP) with low-speed synchronous generators on permanent magnets (SGPM) is understood as a system of scientific knowledge that forms the theoretical basis for the practice of designing a complex object, such as WPP consisting of interconnected equipment and structures designed to convert wind energy into electrical energy. Currently, the development of advanced WPP designs is receiving increased attention around the world. For example, in the Russian Federation, a promising direction is the creation of Autonomous WPP with low-speed medium- and low- power SGPMs that have the maximum range of applications by type of activity and climate zones throughout the territory. However, engineering approaches to the design of individual components of the WPP indicate the difficulties of developing a scientifically based methodology for optimizing the parameters of the WPP as a whole taking into account the mutual influence of individual components on each other. At the same time, the methodology for optimizing the parameters of WPP is understood as a tool for the scientific basis of design, which takes into account quality indicators and optimality criteria, energy and technical characteristics, as well as design stages with the results of preliminary and verification calculations. For the stage of verification calculations of VEU parameters, the scientific basis of design is determined by the construction of mathematical models and their research using application software packages for PCs, while for the stage of preliminary calculations, the development of analytical methods of analysis is important. This article discusses the scientific basis for designing wind turbines at the stage of preliminary calculations, formulated the problem of optimizing the parameters of low-speed WPP, proposed equations for the relationship of design parameters with the energy performance of wind turbines, providing the maximum efficiency of synchronous generators, taking into account the specified technical conditions

Methodological Aspects of Analytical Chemistry

The author considers the definition of analytical chemistry and discusses issues about what is this science, fundamental or applied. The reasons for the stimuli and drivers for the development of analytical chemistry, its place in the system of scientific knowledge, and its internal structure are presented. The question whether the name “analytical chemistry” is often replaced by other terms, better corresponding to the current status of this science, is also discussed.

Pedagogical ethics in the system of scientific knowledge and professional practice

The article examines the problem of pedagogical ethics in its broad understanding as scientific knowledge in the aspect of practical assimilation and application of universal, humanistic and ethical values by teachers and their implementation directly in the conditions of professional pedagogical practice.

FOUNDATION OF THE POET-SONGS V.G. ALFYOROV AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF POETIC WORKS IN THE KUIBYSHEV REGION IN 1930-1980S

The article examines the biography and activities of the writer and publicist V.G. Alferov, a system of historical scientific knowledge about the structure, content, information value of documents from V.G. Alferov in the Central State Archives of the Samara Region. The author's creative and journalistic activities in the context of the historical era are analyzed on the basis of the foundation's documents.

О ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ МАТРИЦЕ ЦИВИЛИСТИКИ: В ПОРЯДКЕ ПОСТАНОВКИ НАУЧНОЙ ЗАДАЧИ

Introduction: the article intends to draw the attention of the scientific legal community, especially scientists in the area of civil law, to the status of methodological elaboration of conceptual apparatus of the basis of civil law science. Authors accepted the term “disciplinary matrix”, which is proposed by T. Kuhn, to designate a system of such concepts and a system of scientific knowledge objectified in the concepts. Goal: to substantiate the development of a disciplinary matrix of civil law as one the main aims of the present science. Methods: authors used general scientific and special scientific methods including method of logic, intersectoral and functional methods. Results: legal literature shows the absence of special researches dedicated to comprehensive consideration of the disciplinary matrix of civil law as an essential conceptual basis although Russian scientists analyzed certain aspects of the problem. The current status of the disciplinary matrix of civil law is characterized by the spontaneity of formation, which results in the absence of a clear and uniform civil law conceptual apparatus among graduates of law schools, as well as among representatives of other branches of jurisprudence which use civil law concepts. Conclusions: the main aims of civil law in this area are involvement in science and rooting of term “disciplinary matrix of civil law”; determination of concepts which can be used in such matrix; achievement of unanimity in understanding the “matrix” civil concepts by members of the civil law community. The accomplishment of these aims is significant for creating a fundamental foundation of legal education and worldview. It is also necessary for the unification of interpretation and application of civil law concepts by specialists of all branches of national law, which is relevant for expanding of inter-branch ties, as well as by representatives of various legal orders (in the context of comparative legal research). It is the deal of civil law society which scientific pluralism transforms the aim of forming the disciplinary matrix of civil law into one of the existing problems.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЯК ОСНОВНИЙ СКЛАДНИК У СИСТЕМІ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ ОБҐРУНТОВАНОГО УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО РІШЕННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПРАТ «КОНЦЕРН ХЛІБПРОМ»)

The paper proposes the use of economic analysis as the main component in the system of making informed management decisions in the management of a modern enterprise. The main features of the tools of economic analysis, which are the use of a system of indicators that characterize the relevant economic phenomenon; establishing causal links between indicators that describe a particular economic phenomenon and their impact on the resulting indicator; application of the principle of systemicity, which provides for the presence of a mandatory relationship between the indicators that affect the result, as well as the ability to measure the magnitude of such a relationship. It is determined that today economic analysis is a powerful system of scientific knowledge and methodological techniques that provide a comprehensive study of financial and economic processes occurring in the enterprise, and most importantly - to establish causal relationships between groups of factors that influenced the receipt of a other financial result. Also, modern economic analysis uses a reasonable system of theoretical and cognitive categories, principles, methods and special research techniques that ensure the adoption of sound management decisions and based on the laws of dialectics. The authors also show the algorithm of the process of economic analysis of a particular economic phenomenon. The use of economic analysis in the system of determining further strategic decisions on enterprise management is shown on the example of ”Hlibprom”. A system of indicators was chosen for the analysis, which is able to fully describe the object of study. That is to reflect the main economic and financial indicators of the enterprise, balance sheet indicators, indicators of profitability, liquidity and solvency. The main causal relationships between the factors that influenced the results of financial and economic activities of the enterprise are investigated by building a deterministic factor model, which is the optimal method of economic analysis, and allows to determine trends in the impact of factors on the resulting indicator. The analysis of the factor model was performed using the method of relative values.

Historical aspects of the problem of future teachers’ scientific-research culture formation

The article substantiates the topicality of the research problem, proves that a future teacher’s scientific-research culture is becoming an important phenomenon in the context of modern ideas about culture under the conditions of fundamentalization of education, variable and polycultural character of educational systems, intensive growth of volumes of scientific and pedagogical information, frequent changes in scientific paradigms and pedagogical technologies, rapid renewal of scientific knowledge system. On the basis of narrative, historical-genetic and chronological methods the historical aspects of the problem of formation of future teachers’ scientific research culture are covered. The coverage creates a methodological basis for its solution, makes it possible to trace the dynamics of the problem development. It is concluded that still in the eras of Ancient Civilizations and Classical Antiquity the requirement for educating a person capable of searching for the truth, who is able to “learn great-mindnedness”, came to the fore. The Renaissance Period was characterized by the tendencies aimed at raising the status of an educated person capable of independent thinking, critical judgment, research, self-education, self-cognition. The main requirements of pedagogical education of the Enlightenment Period are the cultivation of scientifically meaningful knowledge, activation of a person’s mental forces, his self-disclosure through scientific knowledge, the evolution of pedagogical training of teachers, at the core of which there is scientific work. The main slogan of pedagogical developments of the first half of the XX century was to apply heuristic, research, and experimental methods as the means of formation of thinking skills, intellectual activity, and self-education. The second half of the twentieth century was marked by the systematization and generalization of knowledge on the methodology and methods of pedagogical research, organizational and practical principles of research training in secondary and higher school. However, the systematic study of various aspects of teachers’ scientific research culture, the issues of pedagogical science methodology become especially important only at the beginning of the XXI century.

THE APPLICATION OF HUMAN GENOME EDITING TECHNOLOGIES: PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERSTANDING

The article deals with certain aspects, risks, and ethical problems of technological improvement of human, namely the use of technologies for transformation his / her genome. At the present stage of civilizational progress of humanity, the scientific potential of society and the possibility of producing high technologies initiate technological transformation in the evolution of civilization. There have not yet been analogues of this transformation in the history of mankind. One aspect of this transformation is the transformation of the biological nature of human. Human improves the art of his own qualitative transformation. Human is trying to spread his control over his own evolution. The main objects of technological influence on humans are the brain and the genome. Ethical aspects of human enhancement need philosophical understanding. J. Harris made a significant contribution to the development of this issue. The article presents his teachings of “enhancing evolution”, according to which human improvement is a reasonable way of development. The awareness of the ethical issues associated with the imperfections of these technologies and the problems associated with the perspective of their application to human embryos has contributed to the holding of International Summits on Human Gene Editing. The analysis of the results of their work gives us the opportunity to assert that there is a consensus among scientists to prevent the practical application of inherited editing of the human genome today. The article emphasizes that now, in the conditions of existential threats, risks that have an integrated manner, it is extremely necessary to focus on axiological, ethical and humanistic values in the system of scientific knowledge. Scientists should focus on the socio-cultural dimension of human improvement. In this context, bioethics, which has become the answer to many ethical questions and problems, becomes extremely important. Bioethics can become the basis for creating science-based balance between the practical application of technologies for human improvement and human rights, the principles of humanism and progress.

Formation of National and Cultural Identity in Students and Youth: Ukrainian Studies Priorities

The research is focused on determining national priorities of axiological contents of modern educational practices in terms of humanitarian challenges and threats. One of the main tasks of the educational policy must consist in the formation of national state and social values for students and youth as an ideological basis of Ukrainian identity. Ukrainian studies must be taken as conceptual foundations for such an approach, as a system of scientific knowledge about Ukraine, Ukrainians, Ukrainian culture and mentality, which are considered through the practical experience of cultural creation and community. In the modern system of education, Ukrainian studies appear as an integrated independent educational subject that theoretically interprets the idea of Ukrainian culture and mentality in various fields of scholarly knowledge and various disciplines: history, literature, ethnopsychology, language, geography, etc., and as an educational direction, aimed to meet modern humanitarian and sociocultural challenges, multiplying the scholarly arsenal of Ukrainian-centric knowledge. The article draws attention to modern methodological approaches toward teaching the course in Ukrainian Studies at educational institutions of Ukraine and abroad, as well as involving young people in the Ukrainian studies research as an important factor in applying the competency approach in terms of implementing the concept of the New Ukrainian School. Consideration of national axiological and semantic dominants in the development of legislative documents for the educational environment is aimed at forming patriotism and establishing universal cultural values of the Ukrainian people, based on the idea of strengthening Ukrainian statehood as a consolidating factor in the society. Thus, the formation of national and cultural identities of the younger generation requires an interdisciplinary Ukrainian studies approach, in which a person’s citizenship must necessarily cooperate with its culture-forming principles. Therefore, such a person will be represented in the state not only as a citizen but also as a cultural creator. Thus, the state will be considered as a coordinated and effective system of balancing creative and social (civil) relations.

ВЛИЯНИЕ УНИФИЦИРОВАННОЙ МЕТОДИКИ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ СПОРТИВНЫХ НАСТОЛЬНЫХ ИГР НА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ОРГАНИЗМА СТУДЕНТОВ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ГРУППЫ

На сегодняшний день в системе научно-практических знаний остается малоизученным вопрос о развитии функционального состояния студентов с ОВЗ.В статье рассматривается важная проблема здоровьесберегающих технологий средствами внедрения унифицированной методики с применением спортивных настольных игр в образовательный процесс студентов, отнесенных к специальной медицинской группе.Значимость исследования обусловлена тем, что данная унифицированная методика доступна для студентов при любых видах патологий, решает задачи инклюзивного образования, помогает увеличить двигательную активность, а как следствие и положительно влияет на функциональные показатели организма студентов специальных медицинских групп (СМГ).В исследовании приняли участие 406 студентов (17-20 лет). Эксперимент состоял из 3 этапов. На каждом этапе проходило тестирование функционального состояния организма и велись наблюдения за динамикой показателей по Пробе Руфье и Индексу массы тела. Статистическая значимость различий полученных экспериментальных данных на 3 этапах эксперимента было проверено по: средней арифметической, приросту процентного показателя, U-критерию Манна-Уитни.Проведенное исследование показало, что примененная методика подходит студентам с любыми видами отклонений в состоянии здоровья и улучшает их функциональное состояние организма.

Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in Nigeria

The paper examines adult education practice in agriculture-led development strategy from pedagogical perspective. The paper believes that adult education has the potentialities for development but argues that there are missing elements in the adult education practice that are critical if sustained agricultural growth will be achieved. Instead of andragogy, transformative learning and liberatory method should be embraced. Also, instead of focusing on scientific knowledge systems alone, indigenous practices should be encouraged.

Ecological wisdom, a social–ecological approach to environmental planning with an emphasis on water resources: the case of Qanat Hydraulic Structure (QHS) in a desert city of Iran

Improper exploitation of water resources has caused a water crisis and a challenge for water resource management around the world, especially in desert cities with vulnerable landscapes. Ecological wisdom is evident in the ancient desert cities of Iran, based on Qanat Hydraulic Structures (QHS). For long, QHS has been the main water transmission system from long-distance resources to cities in hot-arid regions. This study aimed to explore the ecological wisdom of ancient QHS and to empower it with the current social values, which may be applied as a rational normative approach to create balance between the landscape ecological integrity and development processes. We first investigated scientific databases to extract the principles of ecological wisdom and the theoretical framework. In the next stage, we conducted field studies to extract the social and ecological principles and rules, governing the workable pattern of structure and function of QHS in the desert city of Yazd, Iran, as a case study. Next, the comparative–deductive method was used for comparing the principles of ecological wisdom with the rules governing the corridor networks of QHS. Finally, we compared the compatibility of ecological wisdom principles governing QHS with the criteria and sub-criteria of landscape sustainability in Yazd. The results revealed that ecological wisdom can provide a framework to integrate the traditional knowledge of QHS in scientific ecological knowledge and social system of cities toward sustainable water resource planning and sustainable landscaping.