Risk Management System Research Articles

Analysis of risk management systems in enterprises

Analysis of risk management systems in enterprises

Supercharged by Advanced Analytics, JD.com Attains Agility, Resilience, and Shared Value Across Its Supply Chain

JD.com utilizes advanced analytical techniques to strengthen its supply chain capability. The end-to-end inventory management model, intelligent risk management system and consumer-to-manufacturer system are implemented to attain agility, resilience and shared value. These efforts have led to significant revenue increases, cost savings, and value creation across the retail ecosystem, benefiting consumers and business partners.

СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ КРАЇН ЄС ДО ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ МИТНИМИ РИЗИКАМИ ТА ЇХНЄ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ У МИТНУ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНИ

The article addresses the pressing issue of enhancing customs risk management in Ukraine, particularly in the context of martial law. Given the destructive impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on Ukraine’s economy, which has led to increased customs risks, the study emphasizes the need to implement international approaches, especially the experience of EU member states. The paper highlights the importance of applying structural-functional modelling through CASE technologies to adapt the European countries’ experience in shaping customs risk management policies. A comprehensive analysis of EU countries’ practices, particularly those of Italy, France, and Sweden, is provided. These countries have implemented advanced automated customs risk management systems (e.g., AIDA in Italy), focusing on selective customs control, post-clearance audit procedures, and real-time risk monitoring. The experience of these countries in reducing customs risks through enhanced digitalization, cooperation between customs authorities and economic operators, and the use of artificial intelligence has proven successful. For example, a joint border control project between Italy and Albania has reduced customs violations, while France’s multifaceted approach to distinguishing between real and potential risks based on large datasets has ensured efficient enforcement of customs regulations. Sweden’s model of inter-agency cooperation has also shown significant improvements in risk management. For Ukraine, which faces substantial challenges due to martial law, the adoption of these European practices could lead to more effective risk management, increased transparency, and higher customs revenues. The recommendations include deeper implementation of automation and the use of artificial intelligence, improvement of post-clearance audit capabilities, strengthening of international cooperation, and the application of effective tools for interaction between customs authorities and economic operators. This will allow Ukraine to align more closely with EU customs standards and reduce customs violations during the period of martial law.

Project finance through Infrastructure Investment Trust: Legal and regulatory analysis

Structured finance, private equity, and public offerings drive a new global real estate and infrastructure age. Given the necessity for increased capital in funding infrastructure projects, a range of equity instruments can be employed to attract institutional investors in both advanced and emerging economies. In recent years, infrastructure sectors, including roads, highways, ports, power, and real estate, have seen increased financial demand and investment trusts have become critical in meeting India’s infrastructural needs. Especially in India, Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) play a vital role in establishing a well-balanced risk management system, which is essential for addressing infrastructure needs and fulfilling the financial requirements of developers. InvITs were established under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Regulations, 2014, to attract global and local long-term investments for public-private partnership (PPP) and infrastructure projects and to fill gaps in traditional project financing. Despite initial expectations, few projects have utilized this structure since its inception. The author’s review, incorporating doctrinal legal research, analyzes the regulatory framework surrounding InvITs in India. The paper contributes to the literature, emphasizing evidence of India’s programmatic approach to enhancing infrastructure financing and showcasing structural and financial reforms in InvITs governance as integral components of the nation’s strategy.

USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IN PROJECTS WITH THE SCRUM METHODOLOGY

In the rapidly evolving area of Information Technology projects, the integration of Artificial Intelligence into project risk management assessment processes represents an innovative approach that could pitch a risk evaluation process. The study investigates the standard risk management strategies and their limitations in the context of agile project environments by Scrum methodology. Standard methodologies for risk management often fall short in dynamically adapting to the rapidly changing schedule and evolving requirements characteristic of Agile projects. This gap in effectiveness becomes especially important when dealing with projects managed under the Scrum methodology, which prioritizes flexibility, rapid iteration, and stakeholder involvement. The study proposes an innovative solution to this problem through the application of AI technologies, which can significantly enhance both the precision and depth of risk assessments. The study explores several AI models, highlighting their potential to revolutionize risk management in IT projects. One of the key insights from the study is the ability of AI to process and analyze big amounts of data at a speed and efficiency that is impossible to achieve with a regular expert team. This capability allows for real-time risk assessment, enabling project teams to make informed decisions quickly and adapt their strategies to mitigate potential issues before they grow into significant problems. Moreover, AI's predictive analytics can forecast potential risks based on historical data, allowing for proactive risk management rather than reactive. The research further discusses the implementation challenges and considerations for incorporating AI into Scrum-based projects, including ethical considerations, data privacy concerns, and the need for interdisciplinary expertise to design, deploy, and manage AI-enhanced risk management systems.

Ризик-орієнтований підхід до планування внутрішнього аудиту в банку

A vital role in the effective management of banking institutions is played by internal audit as an essential element of the risk management system, which ensures timely detection and resolution of problems, increases transparency and trust in the banking system, and ensures its stability and sustainability. The article aims to reveal the main criteria for risk assessment in the areas of internal audit, which is carried out in the bank based on a risk-based approach, to identify the main problems and substantiate the theoretical aspects of integrating a risk-oriented approach into practice. The role of internal audit in risk management of banking activity was revealed. Arguments were presented regarding implementing a risk-based approach to internal audit planning in the bank. The article analyzes the audit planning procedures and systematizes risk assessment criteria in audit areas. To determine the priority of audit areas, evaluating each area according to the specified criteria and distributing them according to the degree of risk is necessary. This will allow effective planning of audits, directing resources to the most risky areas. The study results indicate that audit planning in Ukrainian banks should be based on a comprehensive assessment of risks, which will allow for the taking into account internal and external factors. As a result, banks can quickly respond to changes in the external and internal environment and effectively allocate resources. To implement this task, it is necessary to develop a detailed audit plan based on a comprehensive risk assessment, and it is necessary to include all key business processes and bank organizational units. Constant monitoring of risks will allow for quick changes to the audit plan in response to new threats or opportunities. The theoretical and practical principles of audit planning based on a risk-based approach, presented in the article, are the basis for building a banking risk assessment model.

ФИНАНСОВЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РИСКАМИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The excitement around the financial risks of corporations is growing. In these circumstances, companies of all types and sizes want to have a reliable financial risk management system that would comply with legal requirements, contribute to making more effective decisions and improve the efficiency of work. Financial risk management specialists work with financial institutions and other corporate clients to achieve these goals. Banks and financial institutions are traditionally engaged in financial risk management, but due to the nature of these activities, institutions are subject to various shares of market, credit, operational risks, as well as liquidity risk, which, if properly managed, can bring significant profits or, conversely, if poorly managed, can lead to the bankruptcy of a bank or financial institution.

СУТНІСТЬ РИЗИКІВ У ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article discusses the concept of risk, its types and classification, as well as methods of risk management. The concept of "risk management" as a relevant tool in decision-making is revealed. Modern approaches to risk management at various scales of business activity, from expert assessments to modern risk management systems, are analyzed. Classification of risks by management methods is defined. The importance of an automated approach to risk management is emphasized on the example of the COSO system, which allows implementing a systematic approach to risk management. The external and internal causes of risk as a result of actions in entrepreneurial activity have been established. The justified need to implement risk management in the modern world in business activity. The risks of business in the conditions of war in the country are outlined. Risks are systematized according to their nature of occurrence. The factors that negatively affect the company's reputation and can lead to the outflow of partners, investors and customers are identified. It has been proven that the control of business reputation will increase under the influence of the global trend on ESG (the company's compliance with sustainable development standards), as well as the growing discernment of the audience regarding the ethics of brands and their social responsibility. It was determined that for Ukrainian companies, the war made adjustments to contractual relations, and therefore it is necessary to carefully monitor risks, in particular in terms of rules of foreign jurisdictions, verification of companies and non-resident individuals, national requirements for companies that carry out activities or provide services abroad. It was concluded that in today's world, risk control is a global trend that allows companies not only to stay afloat, but also to turn adverse conditions to their advantage. Adaptability of business to risks and changes opens perspectives in many directions: for finding investors, building customer trust, entering international markets, positive image and reputation.

РИСКОВАЯ СРЕДА РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

The scientific article is devoted to an overview of the current risk environment of the Rus-sian oil and gas sector. Based on statistical data, it is shown that oil and gas enterprises make a significant contribution to the GDP of the Russian Federation, to the formation of the country’s budget, while soon, the importance of the oil and gas industry in both the domestic and global econ-omies is not expected to decrease. Nevertheless, there is an obvious trend towards a decrease in the share of oil and gas budget revenues since 2014, as well as their absolute value. As a result of the analysis of scientific sources, it was revealed that the functioning of oil and gas enterprises is accom-panied by a wide range of risks of various nature. The author has reviewed the risks characteristic of oil and gas industry enterprises, considered some approaches to their classification, most studies highlight technological, personnel, geological, environmental, price, financial, investment, regula-tory, and political risks. According to insurance companies, the most significant damage is caused by the implementation of man-made risks. The accumulated risk management experience has allowed Russian oil and gas sector enterprises to form effective integrated risk management systems. At the same time, there is an increase in uncertainty about the operating conditions of oil and gas enterprises in Russia, due to a significant increase in sanctions pressure on the industry after Febru-ary 2022. The sanctions significantly limit the opportunities for trade in products of Russian enter-prises in the oil and gas sector, and erect barriers to the innovative development of the oil and gas industry in Russia. Nevertheless, enterprises, with the support of the state, managed to reduce the negative impact of sanctions risks by redirecting their flows mainly to Asian markets, using parallel import technologies for critical oilfield service infrastructure and transfer of critical technologies. This will partially reduce the increase in the technological lag of the industry in the face of sanctions, however, given the continued high level of geopolitical risks in the foreseeable future, a prerequisite for the successful development of Russian oil and gas enterprises is the activation of import substi-tution processes, as well as ensuring interaction with high-tech enterprises of the military-industrial complex.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ У СИСТЕМІ ЦІННОСТЕЙ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The modern state of the economy and the environment presents Ukrainian enterprises with complex challenges, among which the integration of environmental standards and principles of the circular economy into risk management strategies occupies a key position. Ensuring business resilience in such conditions requires the implementation of innovative technologies, the development of new management practices focused on efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. The adoption of the circular economy involves a profound transformation of business models, including changes in production processes, consumption, waste management, and resource reuse. Special attention in this study is devoted to the analysis of risks associated with these changes and the development of methods for their minimization and management. In the analysis of the current state of enterprise risk management within the framework of circular economy values in Ukraine, it is argued that the circular economy is both a trend and a necessity for enhancing the competitiveness and resilience of enterprises. It has been demonstrated that the integration of circular economy principles contributes to resource optimization, reduction of production waste, and ensures more sustainable production. Additionally, it is justified that the adoption of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things, and advanced analytics provides enterprises with tools for effective risk management. The research findings confirm that circular practices and technologies help manage risks and integrate the values of the circular economy into enterprise activities, thereby enhancing their long-term competitiveness and resilience. This, in turn, fosters a deep understanding of effective management mechanisms in the context of the circular economy, which can be utilized for senior management training, corporate policy development, and strategic planning. The concluding remarks underscore not only the importance of the circular economy as a strategic development direction for Ukrainian enterprises but also identify the main avenues for their adaptation to changing market conditions. Thus, based on the analysis, it is argued that the implementation of integrated risk management systems that consider the values of the circular economy is critically important for ensuring the stability and successful development of enterprises at the international level.

ДІАГНОСТИКА РИЗИКУ БАНКРУТСТВА ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА ПРАКТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТИ

Domestic enterprises have been working under martial law conditions for the second year, what has led to a sharp weakening of the Ukrainian’s economy. All this has a destructive influence on the work of enterprises and escalations the hazardousness of their activities. Risk management and, consequently, ensuring financial security are key tasks of the risk management system at the enterprise, since financial risks have a destructive effect on both its development and the country's economy as a whole. The purpose of the scientific article is to conduct a comparative analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the risk of bankruptcy of an enterprise, based on discriminant analysis and the theory of fuzzy sets, and to determine their effectiveness. Method or methodology of the research. The methodological base of the study were the works of national researchers who expose the practical aspects of the analysis of the risk of insolvency of the enterprise. Methods of comparative analysis, discriminant analysis and fuzzy set theory were used in the study. Results of the study. In the study, the domestic and foreign discriminant models for assessing the risk of bankruptcy of an enterprise were analyzed. The authors proposed to use the theory of fuzzy sets to analyze the risk of enterprise insolvency. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed methodical approach to assessing the risk of bankruptcy of the enterprise was determined. Scope of practical application of the results. The obtained results have important practical value and can be used by enterprise managers to improve the risk management strategy. Conclusions. In the conditions of an unstable environment, the use of models based on fuzzy logic becomes appropriate. This makes it possible to form an adaptive model that takes into account the specifics of the country, industry and individual enterprise. The use of a model based on a fuzzy-multiple approach will contribute to obtaining reasonable data on the level of financial security of the enterprise and increase the effectiveness of the formation of strategies for managing business entities in conditions of uncertainty and risk.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПО ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В СФЕРЕ БАНКОВСКИХ ПЛАТЕЖЕЙ

Currently, artificial intelligence is successfully used in online lending, credit reporting, insurance, customer service and other areas in Russia. Thanks to intelligent applications such as electronic acquiring, big data collection and artificial intelligence technologies, the artificial intelligence risk management system is becoming more and more advanced. At the same time, artificial intelligence can effectively improve the accuracy of marketing and forecasting of commercial banks’ assets based on various indicator analysis and create a high-quality risk management model in order to significantly increase the approval level of the credit business, reduce the level of bad debts and, ultimately, achieve productivity growth.

Financial conflicts as a threat of weakening the financial security of business entities in Ukraine

The article examines the economic content of financial conflicts, their impact on the financial security of economic entities. Financial security is highlighted from the point of view of an important element of economic security of business entities. Financial conflict is defined as a confrontation between participants in economic relations, which appears in the process of their economic activity as a result of a mismatch of goals, benefits and the long-term goal of functioning. In order to more thoroughly illuminate the internal nature of the conflict in the field of finance, its key components and characteristic features are highlighted. The main causes of financial conflicts of business structures are determined. The key factor in the emergence of corporate conflicts was determined to be the separation of the owners from the management of the company, as a result of which there was a significant separation of interests between these parties. It is proposed to use value-oriented management tools to resolve financial conflicts. Tax conflicts and conflicts arising in the field of financial management are analyzed. The main prerequisites for solving financial contradictions in the functioning and development of enterprises in Ukraine have been determined. The economic essence of compliance as the construction of a risk management system, which will make it possible to ensure an increase in the level of compliance with the economic and financial legislation of the country, an increase in the degree of corporate culture in society and the formation of a favorable business climate in the country, which will help attract investment resources and increase the income of the country's budget system, is highlighted. The main component of tax compliance is determined - the study of risks in the field of taxation that arise in the event of taxpayers violating tax legislation and causing losses to the state. It is proposed to build an effective tax compliance system in order to strengthen the financial security of the country, which is characterized to a large extent by tax security, that is, the receipt of taxes and fees to the budgets in the projected amount and the creation of prerequisites for its growth.

The impact of risk management on organizations: A literature review

Events in the early years of the 21st century, such as the Enron and WorldCom scandals and the financial crises, revealed significant deficiencies in existing control processes and the difficulties companies had in structuring robust risk management models. With the advent of COSO ERM, ISO 31000 and the Sarbanes Oxley Act –as the main frameworks for holistic risk management models– the aim was for organizations to improve their ability to achieve their strategic objectives through activities that manage uncertainty and, above all, create and sustain organizational value. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on the effectiveness of risk management in organizations by reviewing the literature in Scopus and Web of Science. This review shows that the research is not conclusive regarding the real impact generated by risk management systems and their contribution to value creation and increase in financial profitability. It also shows that there is an interesting gap for future research, considering that many of the studies that have been carried out have a special emphasis on the financial sector, neglecting other equally important economic sectors.

CRISES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT

In recent years, there have been many different crises such as the dotcom crisis in the late 1990s, the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the pandemic economic crisis and the global economic recession of 2020, the rise in commodity prices and the increase in inflation from 2021, the out-break of war in Ukraine, the energy and food crisis that occurred in 2022 in many countries. In addition, the climate crisis is also increasingly developing, which is generated primarily by the still high level of civilization's greenhouse gas emissions and the accelerating process of global warm-ing. As the scale and frequency of various crises increase, more and more business entities and public institutions are taking various anti-crisis measures, creating and improving risk manage-ment systems, early warning systems and contingency plans, carrying out corrective and develop-mental restructuring processes, creating innovative solutions to flexibly adapt to the changing environment. As the climate crisis is likely to develop for many years to come, so the importance of achieving the goals of sustainable development and urgently carrying out a green transformation of the economy is growing. In the context of the issues outlined above, the importance of efficient organizational management, information management and crisis management is growing. The improvement of the management processes of economic entities, including crisis management, has been realized in recent years through the implementation of new ICT information technologies and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0, into information systems.

ANALYSIS OF RISKS IN THE FINANCIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF BUSINESS ENTITIES

Financial and economic activity is exposed to numerous systemic risks, which are a threat to the financial security of enterprises. The criterion for ensuring financial security is the appropriate level of the company's financial condition. The financial condition of the enterprise is a complex concept and is characterized by the system of indicators – financial coefficients: indicators of liquidity, financial stability, business activity, and management efficiency. The interrelationship and mutual determination between the indicators that cause the occurrence of risk when one of them changes is established.A range of factors that comprehensively characterize the financial and economic activity of the enterprise has been determined and developed risk analysis and assessment methodology, which includes the following stages: preparatory stage; construction of an algorithm for quantitative assessment of risk in the financial security system; interpretation of the results of an integrated risk assessment in the financial security system; determining the priorities of risk management in the system. The methods of financial analysis (horizontal, vertical, coefficient, analysis of business activity and financial stability) were applied and a quantitative assessment of risks was carried out. The indicators-coefficients of the enterprise's functioning are calculated and given an interpretation.The conclusion was formed that the construction of an effective risk management system and its universal functional component of risk analysis are current issues, as they allow to develop a set of measures to minimize threats and risks of conducting financial and economic activities of economic entities. Therefore, the correct assessment of risk with the help of the proposed methods and models of financial analysis for individual economic situations and business entities is effective and has value, as it gives the opportunity to make the optimal decision in specific situations and characterizes the criterion feature of financial security of industrial enterprises – liquidity, financial stability, business activity, profitability.

노인요양시설 요양보호사의 직무환경이 이직의도에 미치는 영향

This study empirically verified the mediating effect of job stress on the effect of job environment of care workers in Elderly care facilities on turnover intention. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to reduce turnover intention of care workers in elderly care facilities. For this purpose, a self -administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 302 care workers at nursing homes in Ulsan Metropolitan City.
 As a result, it was found that job environment had negative on job stress and turnover intention. However, job stress had no mediating effect on the effect of job environment of care workers in geriatric care facilities on turnover intention. Based on the above result, the following suggestions are made. First, it is necessary to clearly define duties of care workers and make efforts to strengthen staffing. Second, psychological and emotional support should be provided through regular consultation with care workers along with establishment of a risk management system. Based on results of this study, a follow-up study on human rights and treatment of care workers in terms of strengthening their work environment is proposed.

Implementation of risk management in library information system at Surabaya City Library

Libraries may be at risk of data security issues. The threat of data loss or data damage is prone to occur in libraries. Information technology embedded in libraries has developed Artificial Intelligence (AI) for information retrieval systems. The application of information technology in the Surabaya City Library has potential risks to data security and force majeure aspects so that need a disaster mitigation plant. This study aimed to implement information system risk management at Surabaya City Libraries as a disaster mitigation plan. The research method was descriptive qualitative. Based on the risk analysis, the recommendations for applying risk to information technology Surabaya City Library were elimination and engineering. The manifestation of these two recommendations made the data access protocol use multiple authentications to avoid data theft attempts due to infiltration, hacking, and cracking. Study results recommended a protocol for each data access. The protocol would save every change, deletion, and system login in the log history. Implementing data authentication twice per login can avoid data theft caused by the intrusion. This activity log is used for activity tracking when the system is infiltrated. The limitation of this study lies in the scope of the research object, namely the library, which has limitations on the system or application used and does not impact the wider community. Conclusion of research, the library can implement risk management strategy with elimination and engineering models through recording system login activities, which mitigate the risk of data breaches originating from insiders.

Planning a Risk Management System for PPP projects to Increase the Competitiveness of Business Structures

This article addresses the critical need for effective public-private partnership (further - PPP) models amidst economic, social, and political challenges in Kazakhstan. The results of the study are aimed at improving the identification of risks for making informed decisions. It delves into scientific achievements relevant to assessing business activity and nurturing entrepreneurial culture. Employing comparative analysis, the research examines domestic PPP practices, drawing insights from statistical data. The findings emphasize PPP's role in ensuring national economic competitiveness, with legislative improvements positively impacting growth. The analysis of foreign practices critically examines the evolution of public-private partnership (PPP) development in Kazakhstan by juxtaposing it with the experiences of leading nations. The United Kingdom has demonstrated successful partnership models based on transparency, clear terms, and mutually beneficial relationships, serving as an example for Kazakhstan in enhancing collaboration between the public and private sectors. The SWOT analysis identifies inefficiencies, stressing the importance of transparent project teams and systematic risk management. Sectoral insights highlight a decline in private sector involvement, emphasizing the need for regulatory improvements and risk reduction in PPP implementations. The study emphasizes PPP's indispensable role in Kazakhstan's socio-economic development, advocating for continuous reforms and advanced risk management. The proposed PPP project management algorithm aims to foster efficiency, address challenges, and stimulate economic activity, paving the way for sustainable infrastructure development.

СТВОРЕННЯ ЕКСПЕРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПЕРЕВІРКИ ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ ВИМОГАМ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОСТІ, БЕЗПЕЧНОСТІ ТА ПРИДАТНОСТІ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДО ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ЗА ВИМОГАМИ ЄКМТ/ITF ТА ВІДЕНСЬКОЇ УГОДИ 1997 РОКУ

Abstract. Roadworthiness testing of wheeled vehicles plays a critical role in ensuring road safety. A systematic approach to analyzing this process reveals key aspects that can contribute to improving safe-ty for all road users. One of the most important characteristics of such an analysis is the ability to identify specific inconsistencies, as well as to determine their sources. SE “DerzhautotransNDIproject”, understanding the importance of this issue, regularly conducts audits of testing laboratories. This makes it possible to collect objective statistical data, which become the basis for further research. These data are an integral part of the analytical process, which is implemented with the help of a specialized expert system. This system, even at its initial stage of development, is already showing impressive performance. It not only allows you to detect inconsistencies in various parameters, but also directs the attention of experts to specific types and models of vehicles. However, the potential of the expert system is much wider. It has the ability to increase the efficiency of the inspection process, as well as contribute to the search for ways to optimize the quality of service and inspections of the health insurance company. The integration of this system into a wider ecosystem approach to transport safety can be the key to more systematic and effective risk management on the roads. With all the above in mind, it can be said that the analysis of the road safety inspection process, supported by research and the latest technologies, is a step forward in the direction of creating a safe and sustainable transport environment. Improving safety, efficiency and sustainability in the transport industry through these studies can become the new standard for all stakeholders. Keywords: expert system, ECMT, Technical Inspections (1997 Agreement), risks, inspection of vehicles.