Qualification System Research Articles

Establishing the evaluation criteria system for private security companies in Hungary

Aim: The aim of the study is to present the results of the research conducted in order to develop a rating system for private security companies operating in Hungary and to provide an insight into the rating systems used in international practice.Methodology: In order to understand the domestic positioning of private security and the international rating systems of private security companies, the author conducted a secondary research and analysis of relevant domestic and international literature, standards and legislation.Findings: Evaluating the experiences of qualification systems introduced in five countries in the field of private security, it can be concluded that certification of private security companies works in practice in the examined states, and databases of qualified companies are available. In general, obtaining a qualification presents a challenge for companies, and possessing it provides them with market advantages. The development and introduction of a certification system is necessary in Hungary as well.Value: Certification of private security companies in Hungary is not yet resolved. The development and introduction of a certification system can give a new impetus to the development of the profession, promote the "whitening" of the sector, the development of companies, and the elevation of the profession's prestige. The final result will be an increase in the value of services provided by the sector.

Automatic Surgical Skill Assessment System Based on Concordance of Standardized Surgical Field Development Using Artificial Intelligence

Automatic surgical skill assessment with artificial intelligence (AI) is more objective than manual video review-based skill assessment and can reduce human burden. Standardization of surgical field development is an important aspect of this skill assessment. To develop a deep learning model that can recognize the standardized surgical fields in laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection and to evaluate the feasibility of automatic surgical skill assessment based on the concordance of the standardized surgical field development using the proposed deep learning model. This retrospective diagnostic study used intraoperative videos of laparoscopic colorectal surgery submitted to the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery between August 2016 and November 2017. Data were analyzed from April 2020 to September 2022. Videos of surgery performed by expert surgeons with Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) scores higher than 75 were used to construct a deep learning model able to recognize a standardized surgical field and output its similarity to standardized surgical field development as an AI confidence score (AICS). Other videos were extracted as the validation set. Videos with scores less than or greater than 2 SDs from the mean were defined as the low- and high-score groups, respectively. The correlation between AICS and ESSQS score and the screening performance using AICS for low- and high-score groups were analyzed. The sample included 650 intraoperative videos, 60 of which were used for model construction and 60 for validation. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the AICS and ESSQS score was 0.81. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the screening of the low- and high-score groups were plotted, and the areas under the ROC curve for the low- and high-score group screening were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. The AICS from the developed model strongly correlated with the ESSQS score, demonstrating the model's feasibility for use as a method of automatic surgical skill assessment. The findings also suggest the feasibility of the proposed model for creating an automated screening system for surgical skills and its potential application to other types of endoscopic procedures.

Analysis of News Articles on Urban Agriculture using Text Mining from 2012 to 2021

Background and objective: Urbanization and reckless development have caused numerous problems, and urban agriculture with various functions is getting attention as a countermeasure. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for revitalizing related research and setting effective policy directions by analyzing online articles on urban agriculture from 2012 to 2021.Methods: A total of 15,336 online news articles on urban agriculture were collected from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. For more detailed analysis, the time period was divided by 5 years. Next, nouns were tokenized through morphological analysis, and the main keywords were confirmed by simple frequency analysis and TF-IDF weighting analysis. Following that, LDA topic modeling was conducted to generate topics and words for each period. Python 3.9.5 was applied to run the above analysis.Results: As a result of the analysis, there were four topics in the 1st period and six topics in the 2nd period. Summarizing the topics over time, it was found that urban agriculture is expanding not only to social and cultural areas but also to diverse areas such as welfare and the environment. In addition, as the role of urban agriculture and the demand for services expanded, various education courses and programs were activated, including the implementation of a national professional qualification system, expert training courses, and cultivation technology programs.Conclusion: Based on the findings, urban agriculture is expected to be able to expand into various areas that take multidisciplinary values into account and create various convergence services that follow the trend of the times.

Методическое сопровождение профессионального самоопределения будущего специалиста с применением инструментов национальной системы квалификаций (в рамках реализации проекта «Национальная система квалификаций – конструктор карьеры»)

The study aims to substantiate the effectiveness of the approaches chosen for methodological support of students’ professional self-determination using the tools of the national qualifications system. The paper raises the problem of students’ professional self-determination in the process of professional education. The scientific novelty of the study lies in testing the tools of the national qualifications system and identifying the effectiveness of their application in the process of methodological support of students’ professional self-determination. As a result of analysing the data obtained, it has been revealed that the presented approaches of methodological support of professional self-determination promote the formation of a conscious professional intention, planning of one’s career development and successful employment.

Analysis of the features of olympic qualification systems in combat sports

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of current qualification systems in combat sports. It was established that the International Sports Federations (ISF) develops the Olympic qualification systems and specific criteria for athletes to obtain licenses. The structure and content of these systems may differ in each Olympic cycle. In 2021-2024 cycle, qualification at the Olympics in combat sports is possible in two ways: through the athlete's position in the official ISF ranking or by demonstrating a certain result at qualifying tournaments.
 In taekwondo, judo and fencing it is possible to obtain "direct" qualification for the Olympic Games through the official ISF ranking or demonstration of a certain result at the qualifying tournament ("tournament of last hope" for participants from NOCs who have not yet obtained an Olympic license). The possibility of qualifying in team depends on its high place in the official ISF team ranking. If a certain team could not qualify through to the world ranking, its members are able to do it only in individual events (by individual qualification).
 For boxing and wrestling, qualification to the Olympic Games is possible by certain result in special tournaments or "tournaments of last hope" (for participants from NOCs who have not yet obtained an Olympic license). The range of weight categories in which athletes may participate is almost equal for men and women.
 The differences in the Olympic qualification systems for the 2024 XXIII Games in Paris are its duration, the ownership of the obtained license (personal or for the NOC), the number of types of competitions, the presence of different rankings (world, continental, Olympic, individual, team).

Development Plan of Academic Coaching Qualification System

오늘날 코칭은 점차 확대되고 있으며, 더불어 학습코칭의 영역도 더욱 확대되어 가고 있다. 각 교육청에서는 학습코칭지원단을 운영하며, 사회서비스로 학습코칭과 관련된 바우처가 운영되는 등 학습코칭은 우리 사회에 빠르게 자리 잡고 있다. 그러나 학습코칭과 관련된 영역이 빠르게 확산되고 있는데 반하여 그 자격제도는 민간자격이기에 체계적으로 운영되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 운영되고 있는 학습코칭과 관련된 자격들을 탐색함으로써, 학습코칭의 발전방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 나아가 학습코칭 제도의 발전을 위한 후속연구를 제시하였다.Today, coaching is gradually expanding, and the area of academic coaching is also expanding. Academic coaching is quickly becoming established in our society, with each office of education operating an academic coaching support group and operating vouchers related to academic coaching as a social service. However, while the field related to academic coaching is rapidly spreading, the qualification system is not systematically operated because it is a private qualification. Therefore, this study tried to suggest the development direction of academic coaching by exploring qualifications related to academic coaching that are currently being operated. Furthermore, follow-up studies for the development of the academic coaching system were presented.

Qualification Definition and Written, Practical–Oral Test Reformation Plan for Qualitative improvement of “Health Exercise Managers”

PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the problems posed by the new “Health Exercise Managers” qualification system implemented in 2015 and suggest a reformation plan for the qualification definition, written test, and practical–oral test.METHODS Eleven experts working in the academia and the exercise prescription field were selected as research participants using purposive sampling method (professors=5, director of sport science division in national research and development institute=1, head of national/private organization that issue Health Exercise Managers certificates=2, and health exercise managers working at university hospitals =3). The results were collected, examined and classified following numerous discussions among the authors.RESULTS First, the qualification definition should be based on “course completion” in the short term and “department certification” in the long term. Second, the written test can be reformed by identifying the core courses related to health exercise management and merging similar or overlapped courses. Also, the grades should be calculated for each question based on the knowledge gained in related courses. Third, the practical–oral test questions should be publicly available in advance to help candidates better prepare and learn practical skills, rather than set the standards for elimination.CONCLUSIONS An overall reformation of the qualification definition, written test, and practical–oral test will solve the problems posed on the quality of the “health exercise managers” qualification system.

경비원 전문성 향상을 위한 자격제도 도입방안

The qualitative growth as well as the quantitative growth of the Korean private security industry is that the private security is in charge of the function of substantially supplementing the police force in protecting the life, body and property of the people. And that's why it's necessary to study. This study, which presented a plan to introduce a qualification system to improve the professionalism of security guards, drew the following conclusions. First, the security work must be clearly classified and the qualification certificates must be subdivided according to the field and scope of the security work. Second, it is necessary to distinguish between qualifications for private security guard examination. Third, in the evaluation method, not only the department test but also the practical test should be conducted in a complex way. Fourth, evaluation should be conducted through the connection between department and practical course. Currently, the security industry is complexly intertwined with various issues such as scope of work, education, management, and supervision, so a complex study is needed rather than a single study. - It is necessary to make a leap and develop into one specialized field through various research and support, such as deriving job-related education and training subjects, roles and changes of management and supervision institutions, and utilization of security-related professionals. In this case, safety problems such as congestion and terrorism due to the participation of citizens and tourists are emerging. The causes of these problems have also changed as society has diversified, and safety measures for large-scale events involving citizens must also change according to the changing social threat factors.

헌법재판소의 독립성 증진에 관한 소고

Constitutional Court celebrated its 35th anniversary in this year. Since the introduction of the Constitutional Court system in 1987 and the enactment of the Constitutional Court Act in 1988, the Constitutional Court has been in the center of public criticism and political events, but has played an independent role as the final institution for constitutional interpretation. For the Constitutional Court, which is bound to be in a tense relationship with politics, the guarantee of independence should be stronger than any other state institution so that it can fulfill its role as the last bastion of constitutional protection and guaranteeing basic rights. Nevertheless, the current composition method shows a structure contrary to the principles of democratic legitimacy and professionalism, which are the principles of the Constitutional Court, causing problems that hinder the promotion of independence. Constitutional scholars have consistently pointed out issues related to this since the establishment of the Constitutional Court system, but hopes for reform were only intermittent. Time has passed without any significant change, and now discussions on how to organize, one of the pillars of the independence of the Constitutional Court, have been dismissed as a rather dull topic. However, at a time when interest in the Constitutional Court is currently highlighted, it is necessary to re-examine the independence of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to ignite the reform of the Constitutional Court by devising practical improvement measures other than revision based on literature research. As a result, the appointment system reaffirmed the discussion on the need for constitutional amendment and examined detailed improvement plans. In the case of the qualification system issue, it was set as the qualification of constitutional judges in academia, but it was concluded that additional discourse on detailed realization measures was needed. Therefore, the transition period of the improvement process was presented in its own way by using the legal professional development process of the law school. We must continue to pay attention to the Constitutional Court so that it can defend the Constitution and liberal democracy as a fair judge. If the constitutional interpretation is provided that the members of the public can understand based on the fairness and objectivity of the composition outside the Constitutional Court, the credibility of the Constitutional Court can be increased even though it is inseparable from politics and ideology in nature.

Skill-qualified surgeons positively affect short-term outcomes after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a survey of the National Clinical Database of Japan.

Proficiency of the operating surgeon is one of the most critical factors potentially associated with reductions in complications and surgery-related mortality. With video-rating systems having shown potential for assessing laparoscopic surgeons' proficiency, the Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) was developed by the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery to subjectively assess the proficiency of laparoscopic surgeons by rating applicants' non-edited case videos. We conducted a study to evaluate how ESSQS skill-qualified (SQ) surgeon involvement influences short-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy performed for gastric cancer. Data from the National Clinical Database regarding laparoscopic distal and total gastrectomy performed for gastric cancer between January 2016 and December 2018 were analyzed. Operative mortality, defined as 30-day mortality or 90-day in-hospital mortality, and anastomotic leakage rates were compared per involvement vs. non-involvement of an SQ surgeon. Outcomes were also compared per involvement of a gastrectomy-, colectomy-, or cholecystectomy-qualified surgeon. The association between the area of qualification and operative mortality/anastomotic leakage was also analyzed with a generalized estimating equation logistic regression model used to account for patient-level risk factors and institutional differences. Of 104,093 laparoscopic distal gastrectomies, 52,143 were suitable for inclusion in the study; 30,366 (58.2%) were performed by an SQ surgeon. Of 43,978 laparoscopic total gastrectomies, 10,326 were suitable for inclusion; 6501 (63.0%) were performed by an SQ surgeon. Gastrectomy-qualified surgeons outperformed non-SQ surgeons in terms of both operative mortality and anastomotic leakage. They also outperformed cholecystectomy- and colectomy-qualified surgeons in terms of operative mortality or anastomotic leakage in distal and total gastrectomy, respectively. The ESSQS appears to discriminate laparoscopic surgeons who can be expected to achieve significantly improved gastrectomy outcomes.

Training and Specialists Qualification System for Neuroendovascular Therapists in Japan

The specialist qualification system of the Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy was initiated in 2000. The qualified title is ranked as the technical specialist based on the fundamental clinical societies. After completing the training curriculum mainly programmed in the authorized institutes, the examinees are inspected with a triple-tiered comprehensive style using written, oral, and practical tests. Although the overall passing rate is not very high(50-60%), we are holding more than 1,700 specialists and 400 upper-level specialists designated as trainers and consultants in 2022. According to the definition of the organization of specialist authorization, enough knowledge and experience are required for the specialist to practice the standard treatments and offer adequate patient information. The education and training of the specialists are important duties for upper-level supervisors. In our qualification system, upper-level supervisors are strictly inspected and are requested to have a bigger potential to contribute to the development of the society and to take the lead on academic activity as well as clinical work. All qualified specialists should master "neuroendovascular therapeutics" and always brush up on themselves. In the recent rapid progress of our field, the effort to get the newest information about trends and consensus is essential to achieve the most effective and safest treatments.

National qualifications in Scotland: A lightning rod for public concern about equity during the pandemic

AbstractScotland, traditionally, has high levels of confidence in teachers. Fairness and justice are key concepts in policy and practice in Scottish education. For more than 100 years, the high‐stakes assessment system in Scotland, with the Scottish Higher qualification at its heart, has been crucial to that sense of opportunity and justice. However, in 2019–2020, public confidence in high‐stakes assessment in Scotland, as in other United Kingdom countries, was dented. In Scotland, the Covid‐19 pandemic meant that schools were closed, teachers provided online learning opportunities for pupils working at home and, for the first time in 130 years, it was not possible to run national examinations. To ensure that learners were not further disadvantaged, alternative approaches to gathering evidence for qualifications were instigated. However, these results were challenged as socially unjust and the results that had been nationally moderated were replaced by results based on locally moderated teachers' professional judgement. As Scotland looks to qualifications beyond Covid‐19, trust must be re‐built. This article reports on a participative research project that sought to understand public perceptions of standards and fairness across a range of key communities following this experience. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, we analyse factors which affected trust in National Qualifications under the pandemic. The evidence suggests that when considering what matters for qualifications to be trusted, technocratic solutions are likely to be rejected by stakeholders. Understanding and responding to what led to the mistrust of qualifications in Scotland will be crucial to inform its future qualifications system.

The usefulness of the endoscopic surgical skill qualification system in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a single-center, retrospective analysis with propensity score matching.

Recently, a new certification system called the Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) has been launched in Japan to improve surgical safety. This study aimed to determine whether ESSQS-qualified surgeons affect the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. A total of 187 colon cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy at Kindai University Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were enrolled. These patients were divided into two groups based on surgeries performed by ESSQS-qualified surgeons (QS group) and non-ESSQS-qualified surgeons (NQS group). The short- and long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after propensity score matching (PSM). After PSM, 43 patients from each group were included in the matched cohort. In the short-term outcomes, the total operative time was significantly longer in the NQS group than in the QS group (229 vs. 174min, p < 0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in the two groups regarding blood loss (0 vs. 0ml, p = 0.7126), conversion (0.0% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.0779), Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2 complications (9.3% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.6933), mortality (2.3% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.3145), and postoperative hospital stay (9 vs. 9days, p = 0.5357). In the long-term outcomes, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the 3-year overall survival (86.6% vs. 83.0%, p = 0.8361) and recurrence-free survival (61.7% vs. 72.0%, p = 0.3394). Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy performed by ESSQS-qualified surgeons contributed to shorter operative time. Under the supervision of ESSQS-qualified surgeons, almost equivalent safety and oncological outcomes are expected even in surgeries performed by non-ESSQS-qualified surgeons.

LABOR MARKET AND UNEMPLOYMENT

The general situation of the labor market, the problem of unemployment was analyzed and studied in the article. The labor market is a mirror of the state of the economy. It shows the volume and dynamics of employment of residents, the level of unemployment by industry, the structure of professional-qualification, demographic and other indicators. To analyze the main indicators of the labor market of Kazakhstan, to determine the causes of unemployment among women and young people by determining the share of employed people by age and sex. The development of the labor market in Kazakhstan provides enterprises with quality personnel, including: determination of the causes of unemployment among women and youth shows the relevance of the topic. The causes of unemployment among women and youth have been identified. Development of the labor market and the provision of quality work were proposed. To do this, create a national system of forecasting the development of the labor force; continue the work on the development of the national qualification system, where employers approve the requirements for the knowledge and competences of employees; promotion of formal and productive employment; proposals were made, such as creating an effective model of labor mediation. The current situation in the labor market requires organized actions and quick adaptation to any factors.

Professionalism vs. Ideologization in the Hungarian Candidate Dissertations in Educational Science in the 1970s

After World War II, the Soviet model was introduced in the countries of the Eastern Bloc, including Hungary, not only in the political, economic, and social spheres, but also in the field of science, and within it, in the system of qualification. The system introduced – which remained in place until 1993 – was aimed at creating a new intellectual class, so candidates had to meet political as well as professional requirements. In a pilot study on the process of knowledge construction in the next generation of scientists, we analyzed reviewers’ opinions on doctoral dissertations in the 1970s. The theoretical framework was provided by Stichweh and Becker’s notion of discipline and Bourdieu’s field theory on the functioning of scientific disciplines. Qualitative content analysis was used to process 20 reviews. Although the candidates had to meet both professional and political criteria, the referees put more emphasis on professionalism. The analyzed reviewers’ opinions of the show, that those within the scientific field already had more flexibility than those wishing to enter it, but that this meant only relative research freedom.

FORMATION OF THE INNOVATIVE COMPONENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE WORKFORCE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL DIGITALIZATION

The article is devoted to the consideration of the basic characteristics, the economic focus of the process of formation of the innovative component of the international competitiveness of the workforce of Ukraine in the conditions of global digitalization of the world economy. The innovative component of the international competitiveness of the workforce is defined as the potential professional abilities of employees who are able to optimally use the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress in social production. The main components of the innovative component of the formation of the international competitiveness of the domestic workforce are studied, namely: a) the level of mastery of modern information and communication tools; b) targeting the constant mastery of new digital technologies; c) acquisition of professional competences oriented to the parameters of world standards; d) modernization of the national system of higher education in the direction of training highly qualified specialists in demand on the domestic and global labour markets; e) using the advantages of cooperation with international partners in the field of involvement in training and borrowing new forms and methods of ensuring the professional growth of young specialists. Factors affecting the development of the innovative component of the international competitiveness of national labour resources are analyzed. They include: 1) the consequences of the russian military aggression against Ukraine, which led to a decrease in the national scientific and technical potential; 2) forced migration of specialists within our country and abroad; 3) insufficient development of the IT sector of the domestic labour market; 4) regional disparities in the use of highly qualified labour force; 5) inadequate financing of the system of training of highly qualified personnel. The directions for strengthening the innovative component of the international competitiveness of the domestic workforce are proved, including: a) development of balanced state programs for national and regional development of highly qualified labour resources; b) modernization of higher education standards in the training of specialists of various professions; c) implementation of measures to stimulate the development of the national IT industry, digitization of industries and spheres of domestic production; d) formation of analytical centers for the study of features and trends in the development of world labour markets; e) adoption of an innovative national system of qualifications, oriented to the needs of internal and external business.

ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГАЛУЗЕВИХ РАМОК КВАЛІФІКАЦІЙ

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of the national system of qualifications in Ukraine. The European vector of Ukraine's development necessitated the development and approval of the National Framework of Qualifications based on the European meta-frameworks. The universal nature of the latter does not allow taking into account the branch specifics of human activity and, as a result, the problem of developing branch frameworks of qualifications, characterized by common features of professional activity and necessary for modern specialists to work in a certain field, is actualized. The article compares the levels and descriptors of the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning, the Qualifications Framework for the European Area of Higher Education and the National Qualifications Framework of Ukraine, which made it possible to state that our country has chosen its own path in the development of the qualification system, taking into account the experience of the countries of the European Union. It is noted that in European countries, the development of sectoral frameworks of qualifications can be carried out on the basis of two approaches: for the fields of education and the fields of the labor market. For Ukraine, the main problem at the moment is the criteria by which the types of the sectoral frameworks of qualifications should be determined, in particular, by the fields of higher education or types of economic activity. The article presents the author's vision of the sectoral framework of qualifications in relation to the 7th level of qualifications for the field of knowledge "Social and behavioral sciences", the characteristic feature of which are additional dimensions that reveal the specific characteristics of the field. It has been established that representatives of relevant central bodies of executive power, industry councils, professional associations and the education system, employers, and the population should participate in the development of sectoral frameworks of qualifications. All of them will determine the framework requirements for specialists in certain fields of activity, which will become one of the means of increasing the efficiency of the use of labor potential at all levels of the national economy. Prospects for further research into the sectoral framework of qualifications are related to their content, definition of criteria for their quantitative determination, and institutional support.

DOES KAZAKHSTAN NEED TO RATIFY THE TOKYO CONVENTION?

The article considers the importance of further development of the process of internationalization of higher education in Kazakhstan, in particular, increasing the competitiveness of exports of Kazakhstani educational services through integration into the educational area of the Asia-Pacific region (APAC). It is shown that ratification of the Tokyo Convention will contribute to the implementation of one of the indicators of the Concept of Development of Higher Education and Science in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023 - 2029, specifically increasing the proportion of foreign students. Ratification of the Tokyo Convention will give Kazakhstan the opportunity to strengthen diplomatic relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. It will raise awareness of Southeast Asians about Kazakhstan's education system, higher education institutions, educational programmes, the national system of qualifications of higher education, the process of issuing diplomas and certificates. This will help to improve mutual understanding and trust between the countries, as well as promote wider intercultural exchange of knowledge and experience. Ratification of the Convention will strengthen the status of Kazakhstani educational institutions in the educational area in the Asia-Pacific region, thereby attracting international students and researchers. Comparative analysis of the Lisbon and Tokyo Conventions on the Recognition of Qualifications in Higher Education shows that joining the Tokyo Convention can make the APAC countries one of the important platforms for the export of Kazakhstani higher education.

SECTORAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND PERSPECTIVES FOR UKRAINE

Qualification frameworks are regarded as one of the key tools in standardizing and harmonizing professional qualifications at different levels and for different sectors of the economy, enabling comparison of qualifications obtained in different countries. This paper reviews a typo­logy of qualifications frameworks, characterizes pan-European sectoral qualifications frame­works and explores European public policy on sectoral qualifications frameworks. The research is based on a neo-institutional approach. Findings indicate that qualification frameworks cover different geographic levels and subject areas. Sectoral frameworks of qualifications are designed to help in harmonizing the knowledge, skills and competences necessary for effective professional activity, as well as in creating a transparent system of recognition of qualifications. Sectoral ones can be implemented at different levels – from national to transnational, and relate to both broad and narrow fields. Research demonstrated that the framework development process is based on the broad involvement of various stakeholders from education and the labor market. Such work includes: audit or functional analysis of existing qualifications, professional standards and education standards, summarization and updating of information on qualifications in demand on the labor market, step-by-step design of the framework of qualifications with filling according to different levels of qualifications and different descriptors; approval of the branch/sectoral framework of qualifications by the authorized body; if necessary – referencing, comparison with the European Qualifications Framework or other frameworks. The undertaken analysis of the European, in particular, Polish experience, where the elaboration of sectoral frameworks is institutionalized within the public policy and practice (20 sectoral sectoral frameworks were placed into Integrated System of Qualifications), has shown that the role of industry stakeholders consists in the elaboration of decisions and recommendations formulated in the framework, as well as in the implementation of this framework in practice. In conclusion, there is no clear policy in Ukraine for sectoral qualifications frameworks so far. In the future, the mechanisms for the development of such a framework should be legally determined, in particular, the institutional responsibility of various stakeholders, including the National Qualifications Agency.

Девелопер в законі №5655

In order to clarify the logic and motives of the initiators of Law 5655, a systematization of factors affecting the effectiveness of construction business projects was carried out. The norms of the law 5655 were revealed, for the creation of: a system of qualification of engineers, private authorized persons of urban planning control, the urban planning chamber for their punishment, under the control of large developers to receive infrastructure rent. The negative impact of Law 5655 on the level of: competition, transaction costs, investment risks, innovations in construction and sustainable development of communities is substantiated.