Pump System Research Articles

Comprehensive analysis of a novel sustainable photovoltaic/thermal assisted ground source heat pump system with energy storage

The imbalance of soil heat is a significant issue hindering the sustainable operation of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, especially under single-mode heating conditions. To address this challenge and develop a more energy-efficient, economical, and sustainable heating system, this paper proposes a novel PV/T-GSHP-PCM (photovoltaic/thermal-ground source heat pump-phase change material) system. A simulation model of the system was developed, and its performance was thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, the comprehensive performance of four different system coupling configurations was compared. The study concluded that the PV/T-GSHP-PCM system increases energy efficiency by 13 % and reduces operating costs by 32 % compared to conventional GSHP systems. Furthermore, the PV/T-GSHP-PCM system achieves zero energy consumption, zero operational cost, and zero carbon dioxide emissions. After 10 years of continuous operation under single-mode heating, the soil heat imbalance rate stabilized at around 7 %, the heating coefficient of performance of the system decreased by only 0.04. This system demonstrates sustainable and efficient green heating. This study provides valuable insights for advancing research on sustainable and renewable energy-based heating systems.

Configurational Design of a Hybrid System Based on an Air–Water Heat Pump and Biomass Boiler for a Rural Dwelling

Hybrid energy systems combine multiple energy sources and storage technologies to enhance performance and meet diverse energy needs. Hybrid heat pump systems are particularly suitable for heating and cooling buildings in rural areas. Air-source heat pumps have two well-known disadvantages during the coldest period of the year, when the building’s heating load is at its peak: the heat pump’s capacity is reduced and it needs to perform defrost cycles. A potential solution is to size the heat pump to cover only a portion of the peak load and to use a second heat generator in a hybrid heat pump system. There is a gap in the literature regarding the configurational analysis of hybrid heat pump (HHP) systems, particularly in terms of combining heat pumps and biomass boilers, and evaluating their efficiency, economic aspects, and environmental impact. Thus, in this research, a dynamic model of a HHP system, consisting of an air-to-water heat pump paired with a biomass boiler as a backup, is presented. Various configurations of the HHP system have been developed to evaluate key performance indicators, such as efficiency, emissions, operational costs, and other relevant factors. The findings of this paper indicate that the energy performance of HHP systems is significantly affected by the system layout, heat pump size, cut-off temperature, and the control algorithm used to activate the heat generators. Moreover, series operation of HHP systems is not only more efficient than parallel operation but also results in lower emissions and reduced operation costs. As expected, the energy loss associated with defrost cycles significantly impacts the overall performance of a hybrid system based on an air-source heat pump. Finally, the impact of the cut-off temperature on the key parameters in the configuration analysis was examined, and the optimal performance of the HHP system, in terms of minimizing operational costs and emissions, was depicted using a heat map diagram.

Performance analysis of solar-assisted ground source heat pump in severe cold regions

ABSTRACT Long-term operation of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) in severe cold regions leads to a gradual decrease in subsurface soil temperature, affecting system performance. This paper proposes a solar assisted ground source heat pump (SAGSHP) system consisting of solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) and GSHP. Through TRNSYS software, the system was analyzed for 10 years of dynamic simulation in a severe cold region. The results are listed below: (1) The SAGSHP system is capable of effectively lessening the maximal temperature of photovoltaic (PV) modules in Changchun, Shenyang, and Harbin, China, by 21.73%, 13.67%, and 19.10%, respectively. The power generation efficiency of PV modules in these three locations can be maintained at about 22% year-round. (2) After ten years of operation, the coefficients of performance (COP) of the heat pumps have increased by 5.70%, 6.80%, and 5.01%, respectively, relative to the first year, showing good stability. (3) The soil temperatures at all three locations were stabilized during the ten years of operation. This study provides a theoretical basis for devising and installing SAGSHP in severe cold regions.

Optimisation of Integrated Heat Pump and Thermal Energy Storage Systems in Active Buildings for Community Heat Decarbonisation

The electrification of residential heating systems, crucial for achieving net-zero emissions, poses significant challenges for low-voltage distribution networks. This study develops a simulation model to explore the integration of heat pumps within active building systems for community heating decarbonisation. The model optimises heat pump operations in conjunction with thermal energy storage units to reduce peak demand on low-voltage networks by using real-time measured electricity demand data and modelled heat demand data for 76 houses. The study employs an algorithm that adjusts thermal storage charging and discharging cycles to align with off-peak periods. Three scenarios were simulated: a baseline with unoptimised heat pumps, a fixed threshold model, and an active building model with daily optimised thresholds. The results demonstrate that the active building model achieves a 21% reduction in peak demand on the low-voltage substation compared to the baseline scenario; it also reduces the total electrical energy consumption by 12% and carbon emissions by 17%. The fixed threshold scenario shows a 16% improvement in peak demand reduction, but it also shows an increase in energy consumption and emissions. These findings highlight the potential of active buildings to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of residential energy systems, marking a significant step toward decarbonising residential heating while maintaining grid stability.

Visualization Study on Oil Return Characteristics of Vapor Compression Heat Pump System

Vapor compression heat pump technology is a widely utilized method for energy conversion. Lubricating oil plays a crucial role in the heat pump system cycle by effectively reducing wear on the compressor’s moving parts and preventing refrigerant leakage. However, it can also create an oil film in the heat exchange equipment, which increases thermal resistance and diminishes heat transfer efficiency. This study utilizes a vapor compression heat pump system test bench to investigate factors influencing the system’s oil circulation rate, the two-phase flow patterns of refrigerant and lubricating oil, and the impact of oil circulation on system performance. The findings reveal that as the compressor speed increases, the oil circulation rate initially decreases before increasing again. Additionally, a decrease in the evaporator’s heat load leads to a reduction in oil circulation at high temperatures, while it increases at low temperatures. Furthermore, increasing the opening of the electronic expansion valve results in a gradual decrease in the oil circulation rate, whereas an increase in the refrigerant charge correlates with a rise in the oil circulation rate. The oil return flow pattern can primarily be categorized into three states: slow oil return, oil film flow, and high-speed oil return. These patterns are closely related to the degree of superheat, with lower superheat levels intensifying oil return.

Optimal micro-pump-storage system for the average Greek hotel with PV generation

In this paper, a modern micro-scale pumped hydro storage system that is specifically designed to operate in coordination with photovoltaics installed at the roof of an average Greek hotel is presented. The fictitious hotel chosen as a case study, displays the energy profile of an average sea-side hotel around the Mediterranean Sea, while photovoltaics’ energy generation is assumed to follow the typical production profile of such sites. Pumped hydro storage and photovoltaic generation, size and cost have been appropriately modeled so that they realistically simulate their operational scheme, while also considering the spatial and technical characteristics and limitations of such projects. Results derived from the implementation of such a scheme into the Average Greek hotel demonstrated significant monetary benefits, accompanied with a substantial net annual profit and low payback period of the investment.

Dynamic liquid level prediction for multiple oil wells based on transfer learning and multidimensional feature fusion network

Abstract Accurate prediction of the dynamic liquid level (DLL) in oil wells is crucial for the intelligent optimization of pumping systems. It not only provides real-time insights into the operational conditions of the pumping system but also supports the optimization of operational parameters with data. However, due to the long-term operation of oil wells and their complex internal environments, direct measurement of the DLL is challenging, leading to low reliability of the obtained data. Therefore, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the parameters involved in the pumping process, identifies the model's input features, and develops a DLL prediction model for multiple wells based on multidimensional feature fusion (MFF). This model captures the characteristics of DLL changes and the diversity of input features. To address the issues of slow model training and low prediction accuracy caused by insufficient datasets in practical applications, this paper integrates transfer learning techniques and proposes a new model, the DLL model for multiple wells based on Transfer Learning and Multidimensional Feature Fusion (TMFF). Initially, the Euclidean distance and Maximum mean discrepancy methods are employed to verify the feature similarity between the source and target domains, using highly similar DLL data as experimental data. By combining transfer learning techniques with the MFF model, the TMFF model is established. The model's capabilities are validated using field-collected data with broad representativeness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MFF model possesses high accuracy and generalization capability. Additionally, the TMFF model effectively resolves the issue of insufficient data during model training. In summary, the methods proposed in this paper can provide accurate DLL data for practical applications in intelligent oilfields.

Thermal resistance capacity model for transient simulation of capillary-box heat exchangers

In this paper, a novel simplified hybrid model is developed to simulate the transient thermal behaviors of capillary-box heat exchangers (CBHEs) buried in the seabed, serving as the front-end heat exchangers in seawater source heat pump system (SWHPs). The thermal resistance and capacity (TRC) approach is applied for derivation of the governing equations inside and outside the heat exchangers. Also, an analytical solution is integrated to model heat transfer in the seabed base. The effects of seawater seepage on the thermal performance of CBHEs are taken into account in the present model. The state-space representation is used to solve the governing equations. The model is verified against experimental data, achieving very good agreement with the mean bias error (MBE) of 7.2 %. A comparison with a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model indicates that the TRC model's maximum relative error and MBE are 0.7 % and 2.0 % lower than those of the CFD model. Additionally, the ratio of the time required by the CFD and TRC models for a 31-day run was 138. These results demonstrate that the TRC model is sufficiently accurate and fast in the thermal simulation of CBHEs. Furthermore, the thermal properties of CBHEs are examined using the present model. The model in this study provides practical implications for heat transfer analysis and design improvement of CBHEs utilized in SWHPs.

Renewable energy as an auxiliary to heat pumps: Performance evaluation of hybrid solar-geothermal-systems

The aim of this study is to combine renewable energy sources with heat pumps so that the usage of electricity needed to operate heat pumps is minimized along with associated fuel combustion. The aforementioned objective leads to reduce the energy consumption, the operational cost and the environmental impact of the heat pump. To minimize the usage of electricity, it is proposed that the heat pump (HP) system is combined by two renewable energy systems, a Solar Air Heater (SAH) and a Geothermal Well Water (G). To enrich this study, five prospective combinations of Heat Pump (HP), Solar Air Heater (SAH) placed Upstream (U) and Downstream (D) of the condenser, and Geothermal Water Well (G) were investigated. Hereafter, these five combinations are referred as HP-G, HP-S-U, HP-S-D, HP-G-S-U and HP-G-S-D. The thermal modeling of the aforementioned combinations in addition to baseline HP were developed and examined using an in-house computational code. To ensure that the input data used in the computational code are reliable, experiments were conducted to validate that the geothermal water temperature is higher than the ambient temperature in winter, in addition to confirming the analytical thermal modeling of the solar air heater. Numerical analyses and associated parametric studies revealed that the combination of Solar Air Heater (SAH) and a Geothermal Well Water (G) can efficiently increase the performance of the system by reducing the power needed to operate the compressor of HP. The gain in COP was found to be 48, 43, 81, 105 and 191 % for HP-G, HP-S-U, HP-S-D, HP-G-S-U and HP-G-S-D respectively. In addition, results revealed that the most efficient system is the (HP-G-S-D) for all simulated conditions and assumptions with a gain in COP that can reach up to 191 % in comparison to the baseline heat pump system.

Performance study of solar air collector-air source heat pump system inside the greenhouse

During the process of heating greenhouses, the phenomenon of inadequate heating installations is widespread. To address this issue, this paper proposed a solar air collector-air source heat pump (SAC-ASHP) system for greenhouses, combining solar technology with heat pump (HP) technology to provide sufficient heat during continuous cloudy days and winter. The heating capacities of the system on sunny, cloudy, and overcast days were 100.2 kWh, 112.3 kWh, and 157.8 kWh, respectively. The corresponding power was 30.1 kWh, 36.1 kWh, and 53.6 kWh. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the single air source heat pump (ASHP) for these days was 3.4, 3.2, and 3.0, respectively, while the COP of the solar heat pump (SHP) was 4.0, 3.5, and 3.1. Additionally, greenhouse employed heat and moisture recovery for humid air, aiming to provide a suitable environment for plant growth around the clock while conserving energy. The heat collection in the heat and moisture recovery combined HP mode was 66.7 % higher than in the heat exchanger (HE)-fan mode. This experimental study investigated the operational performance of the system in dynamic environments, revealing the stability of the system for greenhouse heating in cold regions, and providing new research ideas for greenhouse heating.

A composite analytical model to predict the thermal performance of borehole ground heat exchangers within stratified ground

The thermal performance of borehole ground heat exchangers is of significance to the efficacy of the ground source heat supply systems. This paper presents a new composite analytical model to evaluate the thermal performance of borehole ground heat exchangers within stratified ground. The model integrates critical factors influencing heat transfer, encompassing ground stratification, thermal interactions among boreholes, variability of heat flux along borehole depth, and flexible layouts of boreholes. It enables efficient computation of thermal data pertinent to heat transfer both inside and outside the boreholes during operation. Implemented in the TRNSYS platform, the model offers versatile applicability to ground-source heat pump systems, borehole thermal energy storage, and district heating and cooling networks. Model validations were carried out through four distinct experiments, covering varied borehole quantities and ground conditions, to substantiate its accuracy. Employing this model, a case study further investigated the thermal performance of a borehole field with 16 boreholes in a three-layer ground (comprising backfill soil, clay, and fine sand) extending to a depth of 63 m. Over a 60-day warm water injection period at 30 °C, the effects of borehole layout and ground stratification on the thermal performance of individual and collective boreholes were analysed. Key findings in this analysis include: (1) Across the square, L-shape, and linear layouts, the impact of layout on the thermal performance of borehole fields diminishes as the spacing increases from 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m, becoming negligible at 4-m spacing, and the positions of the most and least affected boreholes by thermal interferences vary by layout; (2) Designing a GSHP system in stratified ground using a homogenous ground model with equivalent thermal properties would overestimate the heat injection performance of the borehole field and lead to undersizing of the borehole ground heat exchangers; and (3) ground stratification should be considered when estimating the thermal performance of a borehole field, particularly when the boreholes are sparsely arranged, e.g., with spacing of 3 m or more.

Heating Industrial Buildings with Heat Pump Air Systems: Is It Always the Most Advantageous Option?

According to extant Italian legislation implementing the Renewable Energy Directive, the mandatory renewable quota for a new building is 60% referring to a single service (e.g., heating during winter) or to multiple services (e.g., heating during winter and air conditioning during summer), depending on which services are actually present. The obligation to satisfy this minimum value often leads heating and ventilation plant designers to provide heat pump systems in industrial buildings, typically air/water or direct expansion type coupled with air terminals (air heaters or ventilation units) or radiant floors. The question is: Is this always the most advantageous option for industrial buildings? A typical industrial building was modeled by Trnsys® in two different climates. Based on the calculated thermal heating loads, the condensing radiant tubes and heat pump coupled with the air heaters systems were analyzed through dynamic simulation, evaluating their performance from an energy, environmental impact, and economic point of view. The analysis carried out revealed that a heat pump system is not always the most advantageous solution depending on the climate, the characteristics of the building (less or more thermal insulation, which corresponds to existing buildings rather than new ones), and the size of the photovoltaics system eventually installed on the roof.

Energy and Economic Analysis of a New Combination Cascade Waste Heat Recovery System of a Waste-to-Energy Plant

Waste incineration has become the main treatment method for urban household waste, and it can produce a large amount of electricity. The efficiency of waste incineration plants is reduced due to the large amount of waste heat carried away by the flue gas. Recycling and utilizing the waste heat from flue gas are important in improving the economic benefits of waste incineration, which is necessary for energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the principle of cascade waste heat recovery from waste incineration flue gas whilst considering system safety and efficiency, this study proposed a new combination cascade waste heat recovery system consisting of a Rankine cycle, an organic Rankine cycle and a heat pump cycle. Thermodynamic and economic analyses of the combined system were conducted in detail. The results indicated that the energy efficiency of the combined system could reach up to 73%. The maximum net present value of the system was million USD 1.59 million, and the dynamic investment payback period was about 6.5 years. The isentropic efficiency of the combined system’s pumps and turbines had a significant impact on the system’s performance. A higher isentropic efficiency resulted in better system performance. The exergy analysis showed that the evaporator of the heat pump system had the highest irreversible loss.

Computational multiphase mixture simulations of a two-phase R-744 ejector geometry in transcritical R-744 heat pump applications

Purpose Two-phase R-744 ejectors are critical components enabling energy recovery in R-744 heat pump and refrigeration systems, but despite their simple geometry, the flow physics involve complex multiphase mixing phenomena that need to be well-quantified for component and overall system improvement. This study aims to report on multiphase mixture simulations for a specific two-phase R-744 ejector with supercritical inlet conditions at the motive inlet side. Design/methodology/approach Four different operating conditions, which have motive inlet pressure range of 90.1 bar–101.1 bar, are selected from an existing experimental data set. A two-phase thermodynamic equilibrium (TPTE) model is used, where the fluid properties are described by a thermodynamic look-up table. Findings The results show that the TPTE model overpredicts mass flow rates at the motive inlet, resulting in a relative error ranging from 15.6% to 21.7%. For the mass flow rate at the suction inlet, the relative errors are found less than 1.5% for three cases, while the last case has an error of 12.4%. The maximum deviation of the mass entrainment ratio is found to be 8.0% between the TPTE model and the experimental data. Ejector efficiency ranges from 25.4% to 28.0%. A higher pressure difference between the ejector outlet and the diverging nozzle exit provides greater pressure lift. Research limitations/implications Based on the results, near future efforts will be to optimize estimation errors while enabling more detailed field analysis of pressure, density, temperature and enthalpy in the computational domain. Originality/value The authors have two main original contributions: 1) the presented thermodynamic look-up table is unique and provides unique computation for the real-scale ejector domain. It was created by the authors and has not been applied before as far as we know. 2) To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study that applies the STAR-CCM+ multiphase mixture model for R-744 mixture phenomena in heat pumps and refrigeration systems.

Experimental investigation of the influence of drainage condition on change in saturation of sheared sand

This paper investigates the validity of the interpretation of results from testing saturated axisymmetric triaxial compression (ATC) sand specimens utilizing 3D synchrotron micro-computed tomography (SMT) to probe localized events that are completely missed or misinterpreted when analyzing ATC measurements based on global standard measurements. Drained and undrained experiments were conducted at low and high back pressures (BPs) coupled with multiple in situ 3D-SMT to acquire high-resolution scans of the specimens at different axial strains. Specimens tested under low BP exhibited a large pore air volume change, which was not detected by the pump system that represents standard volume measurement. The increase in air volume caused a significant reduction in the degree of saturation leading to a possible transition from saturated to partially saturated constitutive behavior. Undrained experiments exhibited a significant volume change contrary to the assumption of negligible volumetric strain for saturated undrained experiments. Air bubbles within the shear band for drained and undrained low BP specimens showed opposite capillary pressure responses, increased for drained and decreased for undrained cases, due to the variation in the mechanism by which each of the two experiments predominantly counters the volume expansion within the shear band.

A REVIEW on PRIMARY ENERGY RATIO VALUES of GAS ENGINE DRIVEN HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

This study reviews the primary energy ratio values of gas engine driven heat pump systems in order to compare gas engine driven heat pump systems among themselves or with heat pump systems using different energy sources in terms of efficiency values. A comprehensive literature review of studies investigating primary energy rates of gas-driven heat pump systems have been presented. The primary energy ratios obtained in the studies on gas driven heat pump systems were determined and tabulated. In addition, waste heat recovery rates in these systems were also investigated. Studies in the relevant field are grouped as experimental and theoretical. Additionally, the differences in the examined system structures are stated and primary energy ratios are presented. Primary energy rates of systems with and without heat recovery were examined. There is no compilation study on the subject in the literature. The calculation methodology used and the obtained values for calculating the primary energy rates of gas-driven heat pumps are presented. Thus, the energy efficiency and environmental evaluations of the examined systems are presented in the light of the literature. In addition, which refrigerants were used in the studies conducted in the literature are presented. Recommendations are provided on choosing alternative and sustainable refrigerants.

Energy-saving mechanism and dynamic characteristics of blade angle adjustment in low head pumping system

To investigate the energy-saving mechanisms and dynamic characteristics of blade angle adjustment, this study proposes a novel research method via simulations, prototype and model testing. For stable conditions, the internal field, the external and energy characteristics of the pumping system with different blade angle are examined. The dynamic characteristics of the pumping system and the blade force characteristics during the adjustment process are also studied. The research results show that, under a certain net head, an appropriate impeller blade angle improves the flow state in the pump and conduits, decreasing the entropy production and providing suitable inlet circulation to reduce the hydraulic loss of outlet conduit, thereby improving the pumping system efficiency by 5–10 percentage points. During the adjustment process, there is an approximate 20-s delay in dynamic characteristics. Additionally, with the increase of the blade angle, the hydraulic torques for blade axis and pump shaft increase, thus increasing the blade adjustment force and shaft power. The adjusting force is found to be underestimated in the adjustment processes of decreasing the blade angle. Achievements of this paper contribute to high efficiency of pumping system and high reliability of blade adjustment devices and pump units.

Susceptibility of two different PCA pumps to inaccurate delivery associated with pole position at low flow-rates in a pediatric setting - an experimental study.

Vertical displacement of infusion pumps used in patient-controlled analgesia can cause irregularities in drug delivery and is especially crucial at low flow rates, which are commonly used in pediatrics. There is only scarce data available regarding the extent of these inaccuracies. The current in vitro study therefore aimed at a comparison of the performance of two commonly used PCA pumps at different pole positions due to vertical displacement. The Syramed® µSP6000 Chroma syringe infusion pump featuring a stepper motor drive was compared to the CADD®-Solis pump utilizing a linear peristaltic pump system at two different flow rates (0.3ml/h and 1ml/h) and three different levels of height (0, + 50 and - 50cm). Flow patterns and delivered volumes were measured after every change in position and infusion boluses, retrograde aspiration volumes and zero-drug delivery time were calculated. The Syramed® pump was more susceptible to vertical displacement than the CADD®-Solis pump and showed overall greater inaccuracies in the delivered volumes as well as higher infusion boluses, retrograde aspiration volumes and zero-drug delivery time at both flow rates. The observed differences between the pumps might be explained by the higher compliance of this syringe pump and the diverse working mechanisms. Overall, the CADD®-Solis pump might be considered a preferable option for patient-controlled analgesia in children. It is nonetheless essential for medical staff to be aware of the effects of vertical displacement of PCA pumps and to minimize these displacements as much as possible.

Numerical Investigation of Different Cooling Methods for Battery Packs

This paper contains the results of numerical investigations into two cooling system types for cells of three types. The galvanic cell geometries which were considered were pouches, cylinders and prisms. By design, the cooling system for a vehicle is specialised to prevent an uncontrolled temperature increase at higher discharge rates. Consideration was given to the question of which cooling method would be sufficient to reduce the temperature rise of battery cells. The first cooling method investigated is one that uses direct contact with the air flow to cool the cells, a method that is very commonly used in automotive engineering, as it is less complicated. This study employs a method that uses a fan to induce forced convection, increasing the airflow over cells housed within a thermoplastic composite container. Another method, fluid cooling, is notable for its greater efficiency due to the use of a non-conducting coolant, which has also better energy absorption properties. In this study, immersion cooling was employed, utilising oil circulation through cells contained within a thermoplastic composite container, which was facilitated by a pump system. This publication shows the influence of the cell’s geometry and the type of cooling system on the temperature rise of cells when they are discharging at the appropriate power rate. The results of this study highlight the differences in cooling performance between the two methods, providing a clear basis for selecting the most suitable solution for specific applications.

Thermal performance of a novel composite phase change material for solar-assisted air source heat pump packed bed thermal energy storage application

The thermal properties of the heat storage medium in the solar-assisted air source heat pump (SAASHP) systems must be aligned with the system’s heat generation temperature while satisfying the heat demand. In this study, a novel composite phase change material (CPCM) for efficient heat storage in SAASHP systems was developed. Our investigation revealed that the incorporation of 8 wt% KNO3, 1.5 wt% thickener, and 1.0 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles into sodium acetate trihydrate resulted in the manifestation of desirable properties suitable for SAASHP systems. The compound exhibited a suitable melting point of 48.66 °C, high latent heat of 235.97 kJ/kg, low supercooling degree of 2.25 °C, and good thermal conductivity of 0.905 W/(m·K). Furthermore, the novel CPCM demonstrated exceptional thermal stability, with only an 8.64 % loss of latent heat after undergoing 200 cycles, while maintaining a supercooling degree within a range of 6 °C for each cycle. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation results further indicated that the presence of KNO3 weakened the interaction between CH3COONa molecules and water molecules, leading to a reduction of the melting point. Additionally, numerical analysis revealed that the total heat storage capacity and exergy storage capacity of the packed bed thermal energy storage (PBTES) system filled with the novel CPCM are 358.8 MJ and 25.1 MJ, respectively. With an increase in the heating power of the SAASHP system from 10 kW to 30 kW, the cycle heat storage time of the PBTES system can decrease by 38.8 %, while an increase in the flow rate from 2 m3/h to 6 m3/h can reduce the time by 26.3 %. These findings have significant implications for the selection and composition design of thermal storage materials in SAASHP systems.